Usebenza njani ngoqoqosho lwe-US?

by Kimberly Amadeo

Ngaba uke wazibuza wena - "Usebenza njani ngoqoqosho lwase-US?" Ngexesha loqoqosho , ungase ucinge "Akukho nto!" Funda izizathu zokunciphisa ngokwemali ngokuqonda umkhiqizo owenziweyo wangaphakathi kunye nemithetho yokubonelela nokufunwa. Yazi indlela urhulumente wesigqeba usebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho kunye nezoqoqosho. Qaphela ukuba i-Federal Reserve ibambana njani nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngelixa iqhubela phambili ukukhula ngemigaqo-mali. Bona indlela iimarike zemali kwi-Wall Street ithonya iSitalato esikhulu kunye nommandla wakho.

01 GDP

Ukusetyenziswa kwemali kubasebenzisi abaninzi be-GDP. Ifoto: Peathegee Inc

Yonke into eyenziwa nguqoqosho lwase-US iyalinganiswa yi-GDP. Xa izinga lokukhula kweGDP liguquka, umnotho ungena kwimpumelelo.

Oku kwenzeke kuyo yonke imbali ye-US recessions . Xa umnqophiso wezoqoqosho iminyaka, kuthiwa yixinzelelo . Funda umehluko phakathi kokunciphisa nokudakumba .

Inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho ngendleko zabathengi. Ezinye izinto zintathu ziyimashishini kunye neendleko zorhulumente, kunye nempahla yokuthumela ngaphandle.

Uqoqosho lwase-US aluseyona nto ibalulekileyo kwihlabathi . Kungenxa yokuba ukubalwa kwamanani e-GDP e-US akuhambelani neChina kunye neYurophu Yomanyano. Nangona kunjalo, uqoqosho lwase-US lusenamandla kakhulu .

02 Ukubonelela kunye nokufuna

Ukubonelela kunye nokufuna kuyimimoya eqhuba uqoqosho lwe-US. Ukubonelela kubandakanya abasebenzi, abamele imisebenzi, kunye nemithombo yendalo, njengeoli , umhlaba kunye namanzi. Ixabiso leoli liqhuba iipesenti ezingama-70 zeendleko zegesi .

Ukufuna, okanye ukusetyenziswa komntu, kuqhuba malunga nama-70 ekhulwini wezoqoqosho. Oku kuninzi kwenzeka ngeli xesha lokuthenga iholide, eliqala ngomhla we- Black Friday .

Ukunyuka kwemali kwanda ukwanda kwemisebenzi . Abantu abaninzi banokudangala ngenxa yokufumana umsebenzi, kwaye baphuma ngaphandle kwabasebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, enye yesithathu yamaMerika ihlwempuze okanye ihlwempu . Esona sizathu sokuba umnotho waseUnited States uthinte. Kodwa ukungalingani kwengeniso kwakungabangelwa yimali. Kwaqala ukugqithisa ngama-2000.

03 Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokuPhula

Impembelelo yenzeka xa ixabiso likhulu kunanikezelo, kwaye amaxabiso akhuphuka. Ngaphezulu, jonga njani Impembelelo Yomngcipheko wam Ubomi?

Imithatho yemali kunzima kakhulu ukukhupha. Xa kwenzeka, abantu baqala ukulindela amaxabiso aphezulu. Kungenxa yokuba baya kuthenga kwangoku phambi kokuba amanani akhuphuke ngaphezulu kwixesha elizayo. Oku kwandisa ngakumbi. Enye imbangela yokunyuka kwamaxabiso yenyuka kwimali .

Urhulumente wase-US amanyathelo okunyuka kwamaxabiso kwiNkcazo yeeNtengo zabathengi . Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha unikeza ulwazi olulahlekileyo. Kungenxa yokuba imarike yemveliso ikhetha ioli, igesi, kunye namaxabiso okutya. Zingakwazi ukuphakamisa i-skyrocket kunye ne-plummet kwiinyanga. Ngoko ke, i-Federal Reserve isebenzisa izinga lokunyuka kwexabiso lentengo kunoko. Oku kungabandakanyi iindleko zamandla kunye nokutya. Fumana izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso langoku

Ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwenzeka kwizinto eziphathekayo, njengezindlu okanye iifotyi, kuthiwa yi- bubble ye-asethi .

Ukuchaswa kukuchasene. Iyenzeka xa amaxabiso awela. Oko kwenzeka kwakhona kwiimpahla, ezifana nezindleko zezindlu kunye neefotfoliyo zamasitoreji. Oko kudala ukuphazamiseka kwempahla kunye neengxaki zezoqoqosho.

04 Umgaqo-nkqubo wezeMali

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezeMali ngu-4-trillion yemali -mali . Yonke ingeniso ekugqibeleni ivela kwiirhafu kwimali yakho engenayo, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukuba isetyenziswe njani. Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali unokukhuthaza, ukukhokela okanye ukuphazamisa uqoqosho, kodwa kuphela ishishini lingadala ukukhula koqoqosho.

UMongameli uqala inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngonyaka, kodwa kuphela iCongress inegunya lokusebenzisa imali . Ngokomzekelo, iPhakamusi ye-Economic Stimulus Package kaMongameli we- Obama yayingumbono wakhe, kodwa iCongress yavuma.

Ukuchitha imali ngokuqhelekileyo kufakela ingeniso kwingeniso, kudala ulwabiwo-mali . Unyaka ngamnye ungezelelwe kwi- ityala likazwelonke .

Omnye umxhasi omkhulu kwilahleko kunye namatyala yiRhafu yeRhafu . Ba landela imfundiso yecandelo lezoqoqosho . Kuthetha ukuba iirhafu eziphantsi ziya kugqitywa koqoqosho olwaneleyo ukutshintsha ilahleko kwiirhafu. Oku akuzange kwenzeke. Kodwa isaphulelo serhafu sithandwa kakhulu kuba abantu bayabathiya ukuhlawula. Yingakho abaninzi baye bathetha irhafu yerhafu okanye irhafu efanelekileyo.

05 Inkqubo yeMali

Umgaqo- mali ulawulwa yi- Federal Reserve . Le nkqubo yebhanki ikhokelwa nguSihlalo we-Fed, uJanet Yellen. Izixhobo ze- Federal Reserve zibandakanya izinga lokunyusa imali, ukunikezwa ngemali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetyala. Ezi zixhobo zilawula indlela amaxabiso enzala achaphazela ngayo uqoqosho . Thelekisa ixabiso lemali elikhoyo langoku kwiindleko zemali ezidityanisiweyo

Injongo ephambili yemigaqo-mali kukulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Injongo yaso yesibini kukukhuthaza uqoqosho. Kukwahlawulwa kwakhona ngokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwenkqubo yebhanki. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uSihlalo we-Federal Reserve udla ngokuba ngumntu onamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Ngo-2009, uBen Bernanke wayebizwa ngokuba ngumntu wonyaka . Kungenxa yokuba wathatha amanyathelo okunyusa ukujongana nokuxakishwa kwebhanki ka-2007 kunye neengxaki zemali ka-2008. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abagxeki bathi iMelika kufuneka ibuyele kwimilinganiselo yegolide .

06 wezoRhwebo nkqubo

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezorhwebo uthinta iindleko zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle ngokulawula izivumelwano zorhwebo namanye amazwe.

Izivumelwano zorhwebo, njenge- NAFTA , zifuna ukunciphisa iindleko zorhwebo kunye nokwandisa i-GDP yelizwe ngalinye. I- World Trade Organisation yazama ukufikelela kwisivumelwano sokuhweba kwihlabathi jikelele kwiintetho zeentengiso zeDoha . Oku akuzange kusebenze, ekubeni i-EU ne-United States ayifuni ukuphelisa inkxaso-mali yezolimo.

Kunoko, iUnited States ilandelelanise izivumelwano zorhwebo kunye nezizwe . Ezi ziquka ukusebenzisana kweTranspacific kunye neTransatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership . Ukuba zivunyiwe, ziza kuba zizivumelwano ezinkulu zorhwebo kwihlabathi.

Ixabiso lokutshintshwa lichaphazela urhwebo ngokutshintsha ixabiso leedola laseMelika . Kungenxa yokuba idola yimali yelizwe jikelele . Oko kuthetha ukuba ezininzi iinkontraki zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe zenziwa ngeedola. Xa iDola ikomeleleyo , ivumela amaxabiso eoli kunye nezinye izinto eziza kuwa. Oku kunokudala ukuchaswa.

07 Iimarike zeMali

Ukunyuswa kweemarike zezemali kwalahla umnotho kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu ukususela kwiNkcitho yokuPhukisa . Oku kwenzeka ntoni? Kwaqala ngeemveliso ezifunekayo ukuba ziqiniseke ngokuchasene neefomathi zangaphantsi. Ukufunwa kweemvelaphi kwakunamandla kakhulu, kwaphantse iphoqeleke ukuba i- AIG ingagqibekanga . Ephosa iWall Street ibe yintlanzi eyasasazeka kwihlabathi. Ukufumana okungakumbi, jonga njani ii-Derivatives zenze iCrisis Crisis?

Iibhloko zokwakha zi-stock and stock investment . Ziyingozi kunezibophelelo. Ikhuselekileyo yizobophelelo zeNondyebo . Iingozi kakhulu zibophelelo ezingenangxaki . Unako ukutyalomali kuyo nayiphi na imali .

Abanini-mali abaninzi abatyebi bavumela i- hedge funds ukuba batyala imali. Abanye bafuna ukubuyela kwiindawo ezinobungozi kunye neenkontileka zexesha elizayo kunye ne- swaps default default . Yingakho abaninzi bebambana ngemimiselo engaphezulu kwiWall Street .