Kutheni ukuphakama kwamaxabiso kulunge kunokuba uhlawule amaxabiso. Ewe, Enyanisweni.
Indlela Yokuxelela Ukwahlukana Phakathi Kwexabiso Lokungena Kwempahla kunye nokuLawulwa
Kukho iintlobo zee-inflation . Okubi kakhulu kukuxhomekeka kwe-hyperinflation . Yilapho amaxabiso aphakama ngaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini ngenyanga. Ngethamsanqa, akunqabile. Kungenxa yokuba kubangelwa ukusetyenziswa kwemali enkulu . Ngomnye umgca wesikali sixabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso , okwenzeka kwindawo ethile phantse kuwo onke amaxesha. Ngokomzekelo, amaxabiso ngamafutha kunye nesegesi nganye entwasahlobo ngenxa yokokuba abathengi bemveliso bafaka ixabiso leoli . Bajonge ukunyuka kweemfuno kwipom kubonga kwixesha lexesha lokushayela ikhefu.
Uhlobo lwesithathu, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okunyuka , xa kuthengwa amaxabiso angama-3 ekhulwini ngonyaka okanye ngaphantsi. Kuqhelekile. Kwenzeka xa uqoqosho luqhuba kakuhle. Ngexesha lokugqibela kwenzeka oko ngo-2007.
Uhlobo lwesine luhamba , okanye luyingozi , ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Amaxabiso akhula ama-3-10 ekhulwini ngonyaka, ngokwaneleyo ukuba abantu basisitye ngoku ukukhusela amanani aphezulu kamva. Abathengi kunye nomvuzo abakwazi ukuqhubeka, okukhokelela ekunqongopheni okanye kumaxabiso aphezulu kangangokuba abaninzi abantu abanakukwazi ukufumana izixhobo.
Uhlobo lwesihlanu, ukunyuka kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, xa kuthengwa amaxabiso angama-10 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu konyaka. Iyakwazi ukuphazamisa uqoqosho, ukukhupha abatyalo-mali basemzini, kunye nokukhupha iinkokheli zikaRhulumente. Ingumphumo wokutshintsha kwezinga lokutshintsha.
Ukuchaswa kukuthi xa kuthengwa amaxabiso, kodwa kunokuba kunzima ukubona. Kungenxa yokuba onke amanani awawafaneli ngokufanayo.
Ngethuba lokuchaswa ngokubanzi, unako ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwiindawo ezithile zoqoqosho. Ngo-2014, kwakukho ukungcola kwixabiso leoli kunye negesi. Okwangoku, amaxabiso ezindlu aqhubeka ephakama, nangona kunjalo. Yingakho i-Federal Reserve imilinganiselo yexabiso lentengo . Kuthatha ixabiso elincinci lokutshintsha kweoli kunye nokutya.
U mzekelo
I-United States yayihamba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ekupheleni kwee-1980 kunye nasekuqaleni kwee-1990. Ixabiso lemali lafikelela kwinani elingama-6.1 ekhulwini. I-Galloping inflation yenzeke ngonyaka wama-1970 nakwiminyaka ye-1980. Kwakungenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo kaMongameli uRichard Nixon . Okokuqala, waqalisa ukulawulwa kwamanani emali, eyadala i- stagflation . Ukucima loo nto, wathatha idola kwi- standard standard yegolide , okwakushukumisela kuphela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngaphezulu njengoko ixabiso le dolali lehlile. Ukuhlaziywa kwembali yexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso e-US kubonisa eminye imizekelo.
Uqoqosho lwamaJapan lunomngcipheko oqhubekayo. Kwaqala ngo-1989, xa i-Bhanki yaseJapan iphakanyisile inzala . Oku thumele umfuno wezindlu ukuhla. Njengoko amaxabiso awela kwezinye iindawo, amashishini anqanda ukunyusa, kwaye abantu bayeka ukuchitha kwaye baqala ukugcina ngaphezulu. Inani labantu lakhula, bengenabo abancinci abantu abatsha ukuba bathathe isikhundla sabasebenzi abahlala umhlalaphantsi. Abantu abadala baye bathenga amancinci, kuba abancinci abaqalisa iintsapho, bathenge amakhaya amatsha, kwaye bathenge ifenitshala.
Urhulumente wazama imigaqo-nkqubo yemali eyongeziweyo . Okuphindwe kabini kwinqanaba layo ngaphandle kokubuyisela ithemba. IJapan iyakunzima ukuphepha kule mgibe .
Izizathu
Kukho izinto ezintathu zokunyuka kwamaxabiso . Iyokuqala, ukufuna-ukunyuka kwamaxabiso emveliso , kwenzeka xa kufuneka ngaphandle kwemfuno. Iyesibini yindleko-ukunyuka kwamaxabiso , apho kukunikezelwa kwempahla okanye iinkonzo, ngelixa ixabiso lihlala lifanayo. Ngokomzekelo, kuba kukho ukunqongophala kweenjineli ezinezakhono eziphezulu, umvuzo wabo uphahla.
Okwesithathu, ukunyusa okukhulu kwenkxaso-mali yesizwe, kukuthi xa imali eninzi ikhupha izinto ezimbalwa kunye neenkonzo. Yibangelwa ngumgaqo-mali wezemali okanye omkhulu wezemali , okwakhiwa kwamanzi amaninzi.
Ukuchaswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukuhla kwexabiso . Abathengi abambalwa bathi ama shishini kufuneka anciphise amaxabiso, angayenza imfazwe.
Kwakhona kubangelwa ziinguqu zeteknoloji, izixhobo zekhompyutheni ezisebenzayo. Ukuchaswa nakho kunokubangelwa ngamaxabiso okutshintshiselwa. Ngokomzekelo, i-China igcina ixabiso layo lemali eliphantsi lifaniswe ne-dollar yase-US. Oku kuvumela ukuba kuhlawulelwe abavelisi base-US, ukunciphisa amanani kwiizwe zangaphandle eziya kumazwe ase-United States.
I-Inflation ne-Deflation elawulwa njani kwi-Economics yase-US?
Ekubeni ixabiso leoli kunye nokutya lingaba lukhuni kakhulu, luye lwashiywa kwizinga eliphezulu lokunyuka kwamaxabiso . NgoJanuwari 2012, i-Fed yagqiba ukusebenzisa i- index ye-PCE yexabiso lexabiso njengemilinganiselo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ukuba izinga lokunyuka kwexabiso lentengo likhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-2 yeepesenti ekujoliswe kuyo kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso , ibhanki ephakathi izakuqalisa umgaqo- mali we- contractionary policy . Oku kuphakamisa izinga lokuzala , ukunciphisa imali yokunikezelwa kwemali nokunciphisa ukunyuka kwemfuno.
I-Fed isoloko ibhekiselele ukunyuka kwamaxabiso jikelele. Kodwa umgaqo-mali we-contractionary unokuhlasela nokunyuka kwexabiso lempahla. Ixabiso lentengo ephezulu linokunciphisa imfuno yezindlu ukuba ukunyuka kwexabiso lempahla kubangela ingozi. Ngelishwa, i-Fed ayizange iphakamise amaxabiso enzala ngexesha le-house boom ngo-2005. Yacinga ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso e-asethi kuya kuhlala kungena kwizindlu kwaye kungasasazeka kuqoqosho jikelele. Enyanisweni, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso akuzange kusasaze. Xa indlu yebhola yaqhuma, yabangela ingxaki ye-mortgage subprime kunye neengxaki zemali ka - 2008 . Imithatho yemali ayiyiyo ingozi kuba i-Fed iye yaba kakuhle kakhulu ekulawuleni ukunyuka kwamaxabiso .
Ukuchasana Okungafani Nexabiso Lokungena Kwexabiso: Yiyiphi Eyona Mbi?
Ukuchaswa kuyingozi kuba iirhafu zingaphantsi kuphela ziyancipha. Njengoko amashishini nabantu beziva bebutyebi kakhulu, bachitha imali encinci, banciphisa ukufunwa. Amanani awela kwiempendulo, anike iinkampani inzuzo encinane. Xa abantu bekulindele ukunciphisa intengo, bayalibazisa ukuthenga ngokukhawuleza. Bayazi ukuba bahlala belinde, ixabiso eliphantsi liya kuba. Oku kunciphisa ngakumbi imfuno, kubangele amabhizinisi ahlasele amaxabiso ngaphezulu. Kuyingozi, kuhla.
Yiyiphi imithatho yexabiso kunye nokuchaswa kuthetha kuwe
Imithatho yemali iyanciphisa umgangatho wakho wokuphila ukuba ingeniso yakho ayihambisani nokunyuka kwamaxabiso (kwaye akunqabile). Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kumalunga neepesenti ezi-2, ngoko abantu bathenga izinto ngoku phambi kokuba amaxabiso akhuphuke kwixesha elizayo. Oko kunokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho. Nangona xa kunomoya omnene, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuhlale kuthintela ubomi bakho .
Indlela Yokuzikhusela
Bobabini ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokuchaswa kwamandla kungaphantsi kolawulo eMelika. Kodwa unako ukugcina iliso kwixabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokuchasana neNkcazo yeeNkcitho zabathengi ngeenyanga ezipapashwe yi- Bureau of Labor Statistics . Nantsi izinga langoku lokunyuka kwamaxabiso . Kananjalo lilinganiswa neNkcitho yokuThengiswa kweeNdleko zeNkcitho , ezibandakanya izinto ezininzi zezoshishino kunye neenkonzo ezingaphezu kwe-CPI.
Amabhondi amabini anikezelwa nguNondyebo we-US ahlinzeke ngeendlela zokuzikhusela kwi-inflation. Bobabini i- Treasury Inflated Securities ne- Series I Iimali ziphakanyiswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngexabiso kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ukuba uxhalabele ngemali yokunyuka kwamaxabiso, uya kufumana uxolo lwengqondo ukuba unayo ezinye zazo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo luyi -potifoliyo eyahlukeneyo equka amasheya . Kungenxa yokuba imarike yemasheya ngokudala ikhuphe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ukuba uhlala umhlala phantsi okanye ngenye indlela awukwazi ukuhlawulela, unokufuna ezinye i-TIPS okanye ii-Bonds kunee-stocks.
Kuthiwani ngegolide ? Isetyenziswe njengendawo yokulwa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, kodwa ixabiso legolide lichaphazelekayo nezinye izinto ezininzi. Ekubeni kuthengiswa kwimarike yeemveliso, kukhululeka kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, amanani ayo avuki kwaye awele nezinye iiklasi zeefa. Oku kwenza ukuba kubekho iipotifoliyo ezahlukahlukeneyo . Esi sizathu esona sizathu sokuba ufanele utyalole ngegolide.