Yintoni Abemi baseMelika abayichitha imali yabo?
Iindleko zokusetyenziswa komntu ngamnye ngumlinganiselo wenkcitho yomsebenzisi kazwelonke. Ikwaxelela ukuba imali yamaMerika ayichitha kwiimpahla kunye neenkonzo.
Udidi lweempahla luquka iinkalo ezimbini. Iimpahla ezixhambileyo zabathengi zizinto ezihlala ixesha elide, njengemoto nemishini yokuhlamba. Izinto ezingapheliyo zizinto izinto ezisetyenziswayo ngokukhawuleza, njengempahla kunye nezambatho.
IiNkonzo ziyimisebenzi yamashishini anikezela ukuba amakhaya akwazi ukwenza oko ngokwabo.
Oorhulumente, abangenanto kunye nabasebenzi basekhaya banikezela ngeenkonzo. Eminye imizekelo ngabacoca abacocekileyo, ukugcinwa kweeyadi kunye neenkonzo zemali.
Ukusetyenziswa komntu kuqhuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 zokuveliswa kwezoqoqosho. Ekulinganiselwe ngumkhiqizo owenziwe ekhaya . Ukusetyenziswa komntu kubonakaliso obalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho . Yiyona nto ehamba phambili eqhuba ukukhula koqoqosho. Ukufumana okunye, khangela ii- Components of GDP .
Yintoni abantu baseMerika abachitha imali yabo
Ngo-2016, amakhaya aseMerika achitha imali eyi-11.6 trillion. Amashumi anesithandathu anesihlanu ahamba waya kwiinkonzo. Icandelo elikhulu liyizindlu, kwi-$ 2 trillion. Emva koko kwakunonophelo lwempilo, kwi $ 1.9 trillion. Emva kokuba ezi zinto zibalulekileyo zifunyenwe, iinkonzo zezezimali kunye neehotele / zokutya zilandelayo, kwi-700 700 yeebhiliyoni nganye. Ezinye iindlela zokuzonwabisa kunye nezokuthutha iinkonzo zanikele ngemali engama-4 bhiliyoni nganye. Iingeniso zanikezelwa ngeeRandi eziyi-300 zeebhiliyoni kwiinkonzo.
AmaMerika achitha enye yesithathu yeendleko ezipheleleyo kwiimpahla.
Basebenzisa i-$ 2.5 trillion kwizinto ezingapheliyo, ezifana nokutya, izambatho kunye namandla. Impahla ehleliyo yayingama- $ 1.5 trillion. Basebenzisa iibhiliyoni eziyi-600 zeemali kwizinto zokuzonwabisa, ngokubanzi zixhobo zombane. Basebenzisa i-$ 400 yezigidigidi nganye kwiimoto nefenitshala. Nazi iinkcukacha:
| PCE Inxenye | Inani (iiligidi) | Ipesenti |
|---|---|---|
| Iimpahla | $ 4.1 | 36% |
| Izinto ezinokuhlala | $ 1.5 | 13% |
| Ngokuzenzekelayo | $ 0.4 | 3.5% |
| Ifenitshala | $ 0.4 | 3.5% |
| Lonwabo | $ 0.6 | 5% |
| Eminye ikhulileyo | $ 0.2 | 2% |
| Izinto ezingapheliyo | $ 2.5 | 22% |
| Ukutya | $ 0.8 | 7% |
| Impahla | $ 0.4 | 3% |
| Amandla, i-Gasoline | $ 0.3 | 2% |
| Okunye | $ 1.0 | 9% |
| Iinkonzo | $ 7.5 | 65% |
| ZeZindlu | $ 2.0 | 18% |
| Ukhathalelo lwempilo | $ 1.9 | 17% |
| Zothutho | $ 0.4 | 3.5% |
| Lonwabo | $ 0.4 | 3.5% |
| Iiretele / zokutyela | $ 0.7 | 6% |
| ZeMali | $ 0.7 | 6% |
| Ukungenzi Inzuzo | $ 0.3 | 3% |
| Ezinye iiNkonzo | $ 1.0 | 9% |
| I-TOTAL PCE | $ 11.6 | 100% |
(Umthombo: "Ingeniso Yomntu kunye Nempahla," Itheyibhile ye-2.3.6.
Uninzi lweendleko zokusetyenziswa komntu zenziwa ngenye indlela yokubuyisela . Nazi izibalo zentengiso zangoku.
Kutheni i-PCE ibalulekile
I-PCE ibonisa ukuba imindeni iyichitha njani ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza ngokubhekiselele ekusindiseni ikusasa. Amanqanaba okusetyenziswa okuphezulu aguqulela ekukhuleni okukhulu kweGDP ngexesha elifutshane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga eliphezulu lokulondoloza lilungile kwimpilo yexesha elide. Kungenxa yokuba ibhanki isebenzisa ukugcina imali yokubolekwa kwemali mboleko kunye nokutyalomali kwezoshishino.
Abahlalutyi basebenzisa ingxelo ye-PCE ukuqonda imikhuba yokuthenga ekhaya. Umzekelo, ubonisa indlela iindlela zokuthenga ezitshintsha ngayo ukuphendula ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa ixabiso legesi liphakama okanye liwa. Ngaloo ndlela, i-PCE ibonisa ukunyaniseka kwemfuno . Xa imfuneko yento enhle okanye inkonzo iyanqandeka , abantu banqumla emva kokuba ixabiso likhuphuka kancane. Xa ifuna ukungena kwi-inelastic , abantu bayaqhubeka nokuthenga isixa esifanayo naphezu kwexabiso elikhulu.
I- Bureau of Analysis of Economic Use i- PCE ukuba ibale i- PCE Index Index .
Leyo imilinganiselo ye- Federal Reserve ekhethiweyo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ichanekile ngakumbi kuneNkcazo yeeNtengo zabaThengi .
I-PCE iyalinganiswa njani
I-BEA ibika nge-PCE nyanga zonke. Inxalenye yeNkcazo yeNgeniso kaZwelonke kunye neMveliso. Uza kufumana i-PCE kwingxelo yeNgeniso yeMali kunye neyeNgxelo. Oko kukuxelela indlela abantu abachitha ngayo imali yabo yomvuzo. Zichitha ininzi yazo kwimibhobho yomuntu. Olu hlobo lubandakanya iPCE, iintlawulo zenzalo kunye neentlawulo zokudlulisa. Bafaka enye yayo ekugcineni imali.
Ukudala i-akhawunti yeNgeniso kaZwelonke, i-BEA isebenzisa inani le-GDP kwisiseko sayo. Kufuneka iguqule idatha ye-GDP yokuvelisa kwi-PCE ingxelo yokuchitha imali yabathengi. Uyenza njani loo nto?
Okokuqala, ihlukanisa umveliso oya kubathengi abathengi. Oko kufaka izinto ezifana nokuthunyelwa kwabavelisi.
Kwakhona kubandakanya imali engenayo yamasevisi, iirisithi kunye neekomishishini zokuthengiswa kwemali. Okwesibini, idibanisa ukungenisa iimveliso . Okwesithathu, ikhupha zombini iindwendwe kunye neenguqu kwi-inventory. Oko kunika imali ekhoyo yokusetyenziswa kwekhaya. Ikwabelwe ukuba phakathi kwabathengi basekhaya. Isekela ukwabiwa kwedatha yomthombo worhwebo, idatha ye-US Census Bureau kunye nokuhlolwa kweengeniso zendlu.
Enye ingxaki kukuba i-GDP iphuma ngekota, kwaye i-BEA iqikelela i-PCE inyanga nganye. I-BEA isebenzisa ingxelo yenyanga yokuthengisa yokuthengisa ukuzalisa ikhefu. Yonke iminyaka eyishumi iphinda ihlaziye zonke izibalo zayo ezisekelwe kuBalo lwabantu base-US. (Umthombo: "Amaphepha oMsebenzi," I-NIPA Handbook: Iingcamango nezindlela ze-US National Revenue and Accounts Accounts, Isahluko 5: Iindleko zokuThengiswa koBuntu, i-BEA.)