Ukususela kwiMpawu zeMpawu zoMzimba ukuya kwixesha elizayo kunye neziNgcaciso
Iimveliso ziqala njengeMakethe yeMicrosoft and Futures
Iimarike zenyama zifuna imali enkulu kunye nekhono lokwenza okanye ukuthatha ukuhambisa izinto ezibonakalayo.
Ngoko ke, kuphela iinkampani ezimbalwa zengcali kunye nabanye abantu abahle kakhulu abakwazi ukufikelela kule mikethi. Ukuthengiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo akufunekanga kuphela ulwazi olunzulu lweempawu zeemarike ngokwabo kodwa kunye nokuqonda kunye nobuchule xa kufikelele ekuphatheni izinto zokuthutha izinto ezibonakalayo ukusuka kwindawo enye kwihlabathi ukuya kwelinye, ukusuka kwindawo yokuvelisa ukuya kusetyenzisweni mmandla. Ukuthengiswa kwemveliso yenyama yinkampani enzima kakhulu ifanelekileyo kwiingcali zoshishino.
Iimarike zexesha elizayo kunye nexesha elizayo ziindawo apho kuthengiswa khona izinto zokuthengisa. Ezi mveliso zivela kwiimarike ezithengiswayo kwaye zilinganisa intlawulo yesenzo esiphumela ekubanjisweni kokubaluleka kunye nokufuna ukulingana kwempahla ethile.
Izinketho zexesha elizayo kunye nexesha elizayo ziba neendlela zokuhanjiswa eziza kubangela ukuphindaphinda kwexabiso lentengo kwimakethi yezinto eziphathekayo.
Le ndlela yokubonelela iqinisekisa ukuba i-convergence elula kunye neyomzimba ngexesha lokunikezelwa kwezivumelwano ezizayo. Ezi zixhobo zorhwebo ziqukethe amaninzi amanqanaba. Umyinge uguqulela ingozi enkulu . Ngokuqhelekileyo umthengi okanye umdayisi weemvumelwano eziza kulawulo ziyakwazi ukulawula inani elikhulu lemveliso kunye nexabiso elincinane lemali, okanye idiphozithi enokholo efana ne-5 ukuya kwi-15 kuphela yexabiso lentengo yenkontileka.
Ukubaluleka okuvela kwiimfuno zeemveliso zexesha elizayo ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bemarike bathabatha inani elikhulu lomngcipheko. Ngoxa umthengi okanye umdayisi wexesha elizayo efuna kuphela ukubeka phantsi idiphozithi kwizikhundla ezide okanye ezimfutshane, basoloko besengozini yexabiso elipheleleyo lekhonkontileka. Ngenxa yoko, umda udlala indima ebalulekileyo kulezi zithuthi. Ukubalwa kweMargin kwenzeka kwansuku zonke, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha okunyuka kwamanani, iifowuni zomgama zingenzeka nakweyiphi inqanaba ngeli xesha loshishino.
Ukufika kwee-ETF / ETN Products
Njengokuba inkulungwane ye-21 yaqala kwaye njengoko iimarike zihanjiswe kwi-millennium entsha, iimveliso ezintsha zafika kwiimarike ezenza iimveliso ezinotyalo-mali zilula njengokuthenga nokuthengisa iimpahla kunye nezibophelelo. Ukuqaliswa kwee-Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) kunye neeNkcukacha zokuThengiswa koTshintsho (ETNs) zithengisa iimveliso zentengiso kwiimarike ezithengiswayo ngokubanzi kunakudala.
Impahla yokuqala ye-ETF yayiyi-SPDR Gold Shares (GLD). Le mveliso ilandelela intengo yegolide ye-bullion kwaye ithatha inzala enkulu kunye nenxaxheba kwimarike yegolide. Ezinye iimveliso ze-ETF ezisekelwe kwixabiso lexabiso leemveliso ezilandelwayo ezifana ne-United States ye-Oyile ye-ETF (i-USO) elandelela intengo yeoli yaseNtshonalanga yeAntast Texas esebenzayo, i-United States Gas Gas EFT (i-UNG), efuna ukuphindaphinda isenzo senani lentengiso yegesi kunye nabanye abaninzi.
Namhlanje, kukho iimveliso ze-ETF kunye ne-ETN ezithatha izinto ezixabisekileyo kunye nezinye izinyithi, amandla, izinto eziluhlaza, iimbewu kunye nemveliso yezolimo, iiprotheni zezilwanyana kunye nezinye izinto ezinobuninzi be-esoteric ezifana neemithi, izichumisi, izityambo ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye nabanye. Ukongeza, kukho imveliso ye-ETF kunye ne-ETN efuna ukuphindaphinda isenzo senani kwiintlobo ezininzi zeeklasi ezibandakanya i-stocks, bonds, kunye ne-currencies.
Iimoto zokuqala zenzelwe ukuphinda ziphendule ukusebenza kwempahla okanye enye impahla evela kwicala elide, okanye kwicandelo lokuthenga. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko le mveliso yezemali efunyenwe ekuthandeni, imiba emitsha yayiquka i-ETF kunye ne-ETN eyaziwayo ngexesha le-intengiso yexabiso lentengiso kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ezi zithuthi zivumela abatyali-mali okanye abahwebi ukuba bathebheke kumaxabiso aphantsi ngaphandle kokuba bahambe emakethe.
Iimveliso ezixhasiweyo kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba beMarike abangakumbi
Ukuba oko kwakungeke kwanele ukwanelisa iimarike kwinqanaba lomngcipheko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje kukho ezininzi ezininzi ze- ETF kunye nezixhobo ze- ETN eziye zabonakala kwindawo equlethe ngokwabo. Imveliso emibini okanye emide emide kunye nefutshane ivumela abatyalo-mali nabarhwebi ukuba babeke kwixabiso leemveliso kunye nezinye izinto ngee-ETF ezizodwa kunye nemveliso ye-ETN.
Ngokomzekelo, kwimarike yegesi yendalo yezinto eziqhelekileyo, iimveliso ezimbini ziye zafunyanwa ekuthandeni kwiminyaka yamuva. Izabelo ze-Velocity 3x Ixesha elide leGesi le-ETN (iGAZ) kunye ne-Velocity Shares 3x mfutshane yeGesi ye-ETN (i-DGAZ) ibe yimveliso ekhethiweyo yemakethe. I-UGAZ isebenza ubuncinane beesahlulo ezi-2 zezigidi ngosuku ngalunye ngelixa i-DGAZ ithengisa ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-9. La manani anjengokuqala kuka-Oktobha 2016, kwaye aguquka ngokunyaniseka kunye nokuhamba kweemarike zerhasi yengokwemvelo kwixesha, kodwa unokubona ukuba ngeenxa zonke izabelo zezigidi ezi-11 zale mveliso emibini echitshiyelweyo ithengiselana imihla ngemihla, ziye zaba ziwayo. I-GLD, mhlawumbi umkhiqizo we-ETF ophumelele kakhulu umthengi umlinganiselo wesahlulo esingama-11 yezigidi nganye kwiseshoni yokuthengisa kwiNew York Stock Exchange.
Iimveliso ziba yiCandelo loTyalo-mali oluPhambili
Imveliso ye-ETF kunye ne-ETN iimveliso ziye zazisa utyalo-mali oluhlaza, ukurhweba kunye nokuqikelela kwiimarike ezithengiswayo ngokubanzi kwiminyaka yamuva. Ukufika kwezi zithuthi kuye kwabangela ukuthengiswa kwezinto zokuthengisa ngokusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwiklasi yokutshala imali.
I-commodity volatility ivame ukuphakama ngaphezu kwamaqela onke asethi. Ukunyaniseka kwimarike kwakha amathuba amaninzi enzuzo kunye nokulahlekelwa ngokufanayo. Ngako oko, ukuxhamla kwamanani ajikeleza kakhulu kwimihla ngemihla kwenza iimarike eziphathekayo zikhangeleke kakhulu kubathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi, ngokukodwa njengoko sele befumaneka kwiingxelo zentengiso yotyala.
IPhiramidi yeengozi kunye nezinto zokuthenga
Nangona ukuthengiswa kweempahla kuye kwaba lula kakhulu kwiminyaka yamuva, abo bathathi-zimari abachaphazelekayo kwiimarike kufuneka baqonde amathuba kunye neengozi kwihlabathi lezinto ezibonakalayo. Cinga ngorhwebo lwemveliso njengepiramidi:
- Ngaphezulu kakhulu iimarike zenyama. Kule marike, abavelisi banikezela abathengi behlabathi ngeemfuno zabo zokugcina izinto ezisetyenziswayo.
- Iimarike zexesha elizayo kunye nexesha elizayo zingezantsi; zivela kwiimarike zexesha elizayo kwaye ukuhanjiswa kweendlela ezininzi kwiimarike kuvumela ukuba amaxabiso aguquke aze ahlangane ngokufanelekileyo.
- Inqanaba elilandelayo ngaphantsi kwipiramidi, i-ETF engaxhaswanga kunye ne-ETN iimveliso ezisetyenziswa ngokuzayo kunye neendlela ezizayo (kunye nokuhamba phambili, i-swaps, kunye nezinye izixhobo zemakethe) njengeentambo ukwenzela ukuba zikwazi ukuphinda ziphendule amanani entengo.
- Ngaphantsi kwe-ETF engenakulinganiswa kunye ne-ETN iimveliso zixhobo ezixhaswayo ezithembela kwiikontraki zenketho kwiziphumo ze-turbocharge. Zonke iindleko zokunyuka kwezi zixhobo ezikhoyo kwiakhawunti yethu yokuthengiswa kwemilinganiselo ekhoyo namhlanje kwihlabathi leemveliso zibonakalisa intlawulo yesenzo esenzeka kwimarike yenyama. Nangona kunjalo, uhlale ukhumbule ukuba iimveliso ze-ETF / ETN zivela kwiimveliso ezivela kwiimveliso.
Xa kuthengiswa i-ETF okanye iimveliso ze-ETN, abathathi-nxaxheba beemarike kufuneka baqonde ngokupheleleyo ingozi kunye nemivuzo enokubakho yezithuthi ezithile. Kwakhona kufuneka baqonde izinto ezisiseko zezorhwebo. Ukuba azinjalo, umngcipheko welahleko ukhula ngokukhawuleza. Nangona iimveliso ziye zaba zezithuthi eziqhelekileyo, ulwazi-lwentengiso luhlala lukhethekileyo. Ukunyuka kwiqumrhu elijongene nempahla kufuna iimfuno ezininzi zekhaya kwaye ufunde ukufumana izixhobo eziza kwandisa amathuba okuphumelela.