I-Hedge I-Portfolio yakho ekuchaseni iRhafu
Inzala kunye nexabiso lentengo
Iirhafu zokunomdla zindleko zokusebenzisa imali yomnye umntu. Ekubeni iibhanki eziphambili ziprinta imali, ziyakuchukumisa la maxabiso ngokunyusa okanye ukunciphisa inani abahlawula ezinye iibhanki ukufikelela kwimali. Ezi zinguqu zinempembelelo ebanzi kulo lonke uqoqosho njengoko ezi zindleko eziphezulu zidluliselwa kuma shishini kunye nabathengi. Enyanisweni, inzala yenzalo yeyona mveliso iphambili yokusetyenziswa kwemali namhlanje.
Iibhanki eziphambili zisebenzisa amaxabiso enzala ukulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngeendlela ezimbini:
- Ukukhulisa iRhafu: Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso emali kwenza imali ibe yindleko, iyanciphisa imali, kwaye ikhuthaze abathengi ukuba bayigcine.
- Ukuhlawula iRhafu: Ukuhla kwexabiso lentengo kwenza imali ihlawulwe, ikhulise imali, kwaye ikhuthaza abathengi ukuba bachithe.
Amanqanaba enzala achaphazela kakhulu amanani okulingana ngokusebenzisa impembelelo kwiindlela zoshishino kunye nokuziphatha kwabathengi.
Ukukhulisa amazinga omdla kukukhuthaza amabhizinisi kunye nabathengi ukuba baboleke ngaphantsi kwaye bachithe ngaphantsi, okukhokelela kwingeniso encinci kunye nenzuzo engenayo. Imali engenayo encinci kunye nenzuzo engenayo ibangela ukuba kuthengiswe amanani e-stock stock kunye namaxabiso amaninzi aphantsi kwamanani . Ukuchasene kuyinyaniso xa izinga lokunciphisa inzala liyancipha, ukuchitha imali kuyenyuka, kunye nokusebenza kwemali kuphucula.
Amanqanaba omdla achaphazela ukulinganisa ukulingana ngokutshintsha izinga lokunciphisa. Ukuba ixabiso lentengo lilingana nexabiso leempembelelo ezizayo kwiidola zanamhlanje, abatyali-mali kufuneka basebenzise izinga lokunciphisa elimele umlinganiselo wenzalo ngeli xesha. Ukunyuka kwamazinga enzala kuthetha ukuba inkokhelo yenkampani ixabaniswe ngaphantsi namhlanje, eyayiza kuyanciphisa ixabiso lokulingana kunye nexabiso lemarike ngexesha lokunyuka kwezinga lomyinge.
Amanye amacandelo anokufumana inzuzo kumaxabiso aphezulu kwaye abanye bahlupheka kakhulu kunabanye. Umzekelo, imboni yezemali ithambekele ekufumaneni amandla ngenxa yokuba ingahlawulisa ngaphezulu ukuboleka imali. Ixabiso lentlawulo ephakamileyo likhokelela ekunyusweni kwezinga lokuthengwa kwemali kunye nomda ongenamandla omnatha ophezulu kumabhanki. Kodwa, iinkampani zokuvelisa zinokubandezeleka njengamazinga amanqanaba aphezulu aqhuba ukukhokelela kwi-dollar esebenzayo ye-US kunye namaxabiso angamazwe amaninzi akhuphisanayo.
Ukunyuka kwezinga lentengo kubangelwa amaxabiso angaphantsi kwamaxabiso kunye nezivuno eziphezulu ezigqithisiweyo kunye nenye indlela yokuhlawula inzala. Kodwa, akuzona zonke iimbopheleleko ezifanayo. Iibhondi ezinokukhula okude zithatha ukuguqulwa ngakumbi ngokumalunga nemilinganiselo yemigangatho kunokubambisana kwexesha elifutshane. Oku kungenxa yokuba isantya semingeni ekhulayo sinokuthi sihlale sikhulu ngaphezu kwexesha elide, elikhokelela kwindleko enkulu xa kufikelele ekufumaneni izivuno ezithandekayo kwenye indawo.
Ukubuyiswa koqoqosho kwihlabathi
Iibhanki eziMbindi zinciphisa ngokukhawuleza amaxabiso omdla ekuphenduleni inkathazo yezimali ka-2008. Enyanisweni, amazwe amaninzi ayenesondeza-zero, zero, okanye nakwezinga elithandayo . Amabhanki aseMbindi ayenokujongana neengxaki kwaye aphendukela kwiinkqubo zemigaqo-mali engavumelani nazo, ezifana nokunciphisa umlinganiselo (QE) ukuqinisa iimarike nokubuyisela ukuzithemba. Emva kweminyaka emininzi, ezi zicwangciso ziphumelele, kwaye i-market iye yazinza kwizinga eliphezulu.
Ngomsebenzi opheleleyo kunye nemiqondiso yexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso , i-US Federal Reserve yaqalisa ukunyusa amazinga enzala kunye neeprogram zokuthenga izibopho. I-European Central Bank (ECB) ifanayo nayo yahambisa ukuba ifake iiprogram zayo zokuthenga izibophelelo kwaye inokunyusa izinga lentengo ekupheleni kwe-2018. Emva kweminyaka emininzi yemilinganiselo yenzalo esondeleyo, le mihla ingakhokelela kwimingcipheko yeebhondi kunye namalungelo.
Isantya somyinge wezinga lomdla siyaxotha kodwa sinokuchaphazela enkulu kwimarike.
Eyona nto imelekeliso yembali yexesha elilandelayo emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngelo xesha, ama-interest rates ase-US aphantsi kakhulu kwaye i-Federal Reserve yabamba inani elikhulu lovimba be-Nondyebo. Ibhanki ephakathi yaqala ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ekuqaleni kwawo-1950 kwaye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwaqhubeka kukhangeleka ekuqaleni kwawo-1960. I-Treasury yeminyaka eyi-10 ivelisa amahlanu kuphela, kodwa i-S & P 500 iphakame ngamaphesenti angama-500, ibonisa ukuba ama-equity angakwazi ukukwazi ukulinganisa ukunyuka xa uqoqosho luphantsi.
Ezinye iimarike ezingezizo zase-US ziyakwazi ukufumana ezi zixhobo ezinjalo njengoko ziqala ukuthabatha ukuthengwa kwempahla kwaye ekugqibeleni ziphakanyise inzala. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba kutheni inzala isanda kunokuba ikhangele nje njengesiganeko esisodwa. Kwaye nangona ama-equity ase-US abambelele ngexesha lokunyuka kwezinga, iimakethe zezobulungisa zamazwe ngamazwe zingaphumelela kwiimali zase-US ukuba amaxabiso abo ayanakwandiswa anikwe amandla kwi-dollar yase-US.
Indlela Yokuhlawulela Iipotfolio Zakho
Kukho izicwangciso eziliqela ukuba abatyali-zimali bamazwe ngamazwe bangathanda ukuqwalasela ukuhlawula iiphothifoliyo zabo.
Ixabiso leBond liyakuthi liyancipha njengoko inani lamanani landa. E-US kunye ne-EU, oku kungathetha ukuphela kwintlanganiso yeevenkile zamatyala eminyaka emininzi edityaniswe ngamanani aphantsi. Abatyalomali bangafuna ukucinga ukunciphisa ukukhula kwezikhundla zabo zokubambisa ukunciphisa le mngcipheko okanye ukulungelelanisa ukwabiwa kwempahla yabo ukuze bafumane amanyathelo angaphezu kwezibhonkco, ukuba kufanelekile kwizinga labo elifunayo.
Amalungelo angeke akwazi ukubona ukuhla kwexabiso eliphezulu, kodwa amacandelo athile anokufumana kwaye ahlupheke ngaphezu kwabanye. Isithambiso sabathengi, i-real estate kunye neenkonzo ezinokubambisana zingabona ukuqhekeka kwixabiso kuba ixabiso lazo lixabisa abatshali-mali, ngelixa iifomali kunye nezimbonisi zikwazi ukugqithisa njengoko ixabiso lentengo liphakama. Abatyalomali bangafuna ukucwangcisa izicwangciso zokujikeleza kwicandelo lokusebenzisa ezi zinto.