Amatye ahlukeneyo Aphendule kwi-Strain ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo
Zonke izityezelo zesalathisi (zolule okanye zixineke) xa zigxininiswe, kwizinga elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi. Olu luhlu luphawu olubonakalayo lwenxinxu yesinyithi.
Kwi-metallurgy, ubunzima bunokuchazwa nje ngokuba yi-deformation yensimbi ngenxa yokuxinezeleka. Ngamanye amazwi, umlinganiselo wendlela isetyenziswe ngayo okanye ixineke xa kuthelekiswa nobude bayo bokuqala. Ukuba kukho ukunyuka ubude besitya ngenxa yokhuseleko, oku kubhekiswe njengengxaki yokuxinwa.
Kodwa ukuba kukho ukunciphisa ubude, oku kukuxinzelela.
Metal Strain kwiDuctile (Bendable) Izinto
Ezinye izinyithi (ezifana nensimbi engenasici kunye namanye amaninzi) zivelisa phantsi koxinzelelo . Oku kubenza bakwazi ukugoba, okanye ukubola, ngaphandle kokuphula. Ezinye izinyithi, ezifana nesinyithi esitye, ukuphuka kunye nokuphuka ngokukhawuleza phantsi koxinzelelo. Nangona insimbi engenasici, nangona kunjalo, ekugqibeleni iyanciphisa kwaye iphule phantsi kwengcinezelo eyaneleyo.
Izitshixo ezifana ne-low carbon bend bend kunokuba ziphule phantsi koxinzelelo. Kwinqanaba elithile loxinzelelo, kunjalo, bafikelela kwindawo eqondwa kakuhle "indawo yokuvunwa." Omnye bafikelela kwisiqhamo semveliso, isinyithi iba "bunzima." Oku kuthetha ukuba uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo lufunekayo ukuze kulungiswe isinyithi nayiphi na enye. Isinyithi siba ngaphantsi kwe-ductile, okanye sihlawuleka. Ngomnye umzekelo, oku kwenza ukuba itsimbi ibe nzima. Kodwa nangona ukuqina kanzima kwenza kube nzima ukuba isinyithi siqhekeke, kwenza ukuba isinyithi sibe nzima. I-Brittle metal ingaphula, okanye ingaphumeleli, ngokulula.
Metal Strain kwi-Brittle Materials
Ezinye izinyithi zihamba kakuhle, ezithetha ukuba zibophelelekile ngokutsha. I-Brittle zinyithi ziquka i-carbon and steels. Ngokungafani nezinto zokwenza i-ductile, ezi zinyithi azikwazi ukufumana isivuno esihle. Kunoko, xa befikelela kwinqanaba elithile lexinzelelo, bawaphula.
I-Brittle zinyithi ziziphatha ngokufana nezinye izinto ezinobungakanani ezifana neglasi, ilitye kunye nekhonkrithi. Njengalezi zinto, zomelele ngeendlela ezithile-kodwa ngenxa yokuba azikwazi ukugoba okanye zolule, azifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa ezithile.
Ukulinganisa i-Metal Strain
Umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wobunzima kwizinyithi ubizwa ngokuba yi-engineering strain. Ubunjineli bezobunjineli bunokubalwa njengenguqu ebudeni obuhlukeneyo ngobude bokuqala. Ngokomzekelo, i-2.0 "ibha ye- titanium eselulekwe kwi-2.2" kuthiwa ifumene ubunzima bokubamba i-0.1, okanye i-10 ekhulwini.
Ukukhathala komnxeba Ukuphumela kwi-Metal Strain
Xa i-ductile yinyithi igxininiswe, iphosa. Ukuba uxinzelelo luyasuswa ngaphambi kokuba isinyithi sifinyelele kwisiqhamo sawo, isivinini sibuyela kwindawo yaso yangaphambili. Nangona i-metal iyabonakala ibuyele kwindawo yayo yasekuqaleni, kunjalo, iziphene ezincinci ziye zavela kweli nqanaba.
Ngalinye ixesha ixesha lokutshintsha kwesimbi kunye nokubuyela kwisimo sawo sokuqala, iimpazamo ezininzi zenzeke. Emva kokupheliswa kwamanzi amaninzi, kukho ezininzi iimpazamo zee molecular ezityhulwa zinyithi. Xa oku kwenzekayo, ichazwa ngokuba "ukunyaniseka kwesinyithi." Ukukhathala komnxiba akunakwenzeka.
Ukukhathala komnxeba kunzima kakhulu kwiimeko apho ingcinezelo igxininiswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Ngokomzekelo, kwakuyimbangela ebalulekileyo yokuhluleka kweenqwelo moya ngaphambi kokuba kuqondwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze ugweme ukukhathala kwesinyithi, kubalulekile ukuhlola rhoqo iisampuli zetsimbi phantsi kwengcinezelo usebenzisa i-microscope.