Ukulingana kweeNtlawulo, iiNxalenye zayo, kunye nokuPhelelwa kweMali

by Kimberly Amadeo

Iindlela ezintathu zelizwe eliza kukhula

Ibhalansi yeentlawulo yirekhodi yazo zonke iintengiso zelizwe jikelele ezenziwe ngabemi belizwe. Ukulinganisela kweentlawulo zelizwe kukuxelela ukuba uyasindisa ngokwaneleyo ukuhlawula iimpahla zayo. Kwakhona kubonisa nokuba ilizwe livelisa umlinganiselo wezoqoqosho owaneleyo ukuhlawula ukukhula kwayo. I-BOP ibikwa kwikota okanye ngonyaka.

I-balance balance of payment means the country is imported more goods, services and capital than it exports . Kufuneka uyiboleke kwamanye amazwe ukuhlawula iimpahla zayo. Kwixesha elifutshane, elikhupha ukukhula kwezoqoqosho . Kufana nokuthatha imali mboleko yesikolo ukuhlawula imfundo. Umvuzo wakho ozayo ozayo kulindelekile utyalo-mali.

Kwixesha elide, ilizwe liba ngumthengi onetyala, kungekhona umlimi, ukuveliswa kwezoqoqosho kwihlabathi. Kuya kufuneka ukuba uye ematyaleni ukuhlawula ukusetyenziswa endaweni yokutyalomali kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba ulahleko luqhubeka ixesha elide, ilizwe kufuneka lithengise impahla yalo ukuhlawula ababolekisi. Ezi zinto ziquka ubutyebi bendalo , umhlaba kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ,

I-balance balance of payments ithetha ukuba ilizwe lizwe ngaphandle kwelo lizweni. Urhulumente walo kunye nabemi basindisa. Banikezela imali eyaneleyo yokuhlawula yonke imveliso yasekhaya. Basenokuboleka ngaphandle kwelizwe.

I-surplus ikhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho kwithuba elifutshane. Kungenxa yokuba liboleka imali kumazwe athengayo iimveliso zawo. Oko kukhulisa amafektri, ukuvumela ukuba baqeshe abantu abaninzi.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ilizwe lixhomekeke kakhulu ekukhuleni okuqhutywe ngaphandle. Kumele ikhuthaze abahlali bayo ukuba bachithe ngaphezulu. Imakethe enkulu yasekhaya izakukhusela ilizwe kwizinga lokutshintshiselwa kwamanani. Kwakhona ivumela iinkampani zayo ukuba ziphuhlise iimpahla kunye neenkonzo ngokusebenzisa abantu bayo njengemarike yokuvavanya.

BOP Components

Ibhalansi yeentlawulo zinamalungu amathathu. Ziyiakhawunti yezemali , i- akhawunti enkulu kunye neakhawunti yangoku .Iakhawunti yemali ichaza utshintsho kubunini bamazwe ngamazwe. I-akhawunti enkulu inokubandakanya nayiphi na imali enokuthi ingathinteli ukuveliswa kwezoqoqosho. I-akhawunti yangoku ilungisa urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ingeniso yemali kwiityalo kunye neentlawulo ngqo. Nazi izixa-mali zokuhlawula kunye nendlela asebenza ngayo.

01 Akhawunti yeMali

Imilinganiselo ye-akhawunti yezimali 1) utshintsho kubunikazi basekhaya beempahla zangaphandle kunye no-2) ubunini belizwe langaphandle. Ukuba ubunini belizwe langaphandle banda ngaphezu kobunini basekhaya, lenza ilahleko kwiakhawunti yezemali. Oku kuthetha ukuba ilizwe liyithengisa impahla yalo, njengegolide , iimpahla kunye nezitokhwe zoshishino, ngokukhawuleza kunokufumana i-asethi yangaphandle.

02 Akhawunti yeGosa

I-akhawunti enkulu ibeka intsebenziswano yemali engathinteli ingeniso yelizwe, imveliso okanye imali. Ngokomzekelo, libhalela ukudluliselwa kwamanye amazwe kwamalungelo okuganda, iimpawu zokuthengisa kunye neefayile zobungqina. Uninzi lwentsebenziswano yeakhawunti yenzeke ngokukhawuleza, njengentlawulo ye-inshorensi yomda. I-akhawunti eyinkunzi yincinci encinci yemali yentlawulo.

03 I- Akhawunti yangoku

I-akhawunti yangoku ilinganisa ibhalansi yezorhwebo yelizwe kunye nemiphumo yemali engenayo kunye nentlawulo ngqo. Xa imisebenzi yabantu belizwe inikezela ngengeniso eyaneleyo kunye nokonga ukuxhaswa konke ukuthenga kwabo, umsebenzi wezoshishino kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziseko zikaRhulumente, ngoko i-akhawunti yangoku iyalingana.

I- Akhawunti yangoku: Ilahleko

Ilahleko ye-akhawunti yangoku yilapho abemi belizwe bechitha imali engaphezulu kwizinto ezingeniswa ngaphandle. Ukuxhasa ilahleko, amanye amazwe atyala imali, okanye atyala imali, kwiimveliso zelizwe elilahlekileyo. Izwe elibolekisiweyo lihlala likulungele ukuhlawula ilahleko kuba ishishini layo lizuza kwii-export to the country. Ngethuba elifutshane, ukulahleka kwe-akhawunti yangoku kukuphumelela / kukuphumelela kwiintlanga zombini.

Kodwa ukuba ukulahleka kwe-akhawunti okwangoku kuqhubeka ixesha elide, kuya kuphuhlisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Ngoba? Ababolekisi bezinye iintlanga baya kuqala ukubuza ukuba ngaba baya kufumana ukubuyiswa okwaneleyo ekutyalomali kwabo. Ukuba ixabiso liyanqamuka, ixabiso lelizwe lebolekiweyo liyakuthi liyancipha. Oku kubangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso njengoko kuthengiswa kwamaxabiso angeniso. Kwakhona kwakha inzala ephezulu ephezulu njengoko urhulumente kufuneka ahlawule izivuno eziphezulu kwiibhondi zayo.

I- Akhawunti yangoku: i-US Deficit

Ukulahleka kwe-akhawunti ye-US yangoku ifikelele kwiirekhodi ezingama-803 yezigidigidi ngo-2006. Oku kwadala ukukhathazeka ngokuzinza kokungalingani. Nangona ukuhlawulelwa kwemali kuye kwabuyiselwa kwakhona, kubonakala ngathi kuvuke kwakhona.

Izilumkiso ezenziwe yi- Ofisi ye - Congressional Budget , kunye nezisombululo ezicetywayo, ziyafuneka kwakhona namhlanje. Ukhuseleko lokutyalomali eUnited States luza kuphinda lube luxhalaba ngabasomali bamanye amazwe. Abantu baseMerika baye banciphisa imali yokuchithwa kwekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala, kwaye izinga lokulondoloza liye lacima, kodwa ngaba ngokwaneleyo ukuxhasa ukukhula kwamashishini asekhaya? Ukuba akunjalo, kunokukhokelela ekunyuseni kwamanani entengo kunye nemigangatho yemigangatho ephezulu , ukunciphisa izinga lokuphila kwe-US.

I- Akhawunti yangoku: I-Balance balance

Ibhalansi yezorhwebo inyathelo lokuthengiswa kwelizwe kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle. Leli candelo elikhulu le-akhawunti yangoku, eyona nto iyona nxalenye enkulu kwinani lentlawulo. Uninzi amazwe azama ukuphepha ukulahleka kwezorhwebo , kodwa yinto enhle kumazwe athengisayo athengayo. Kuyabanceda bakhule ngokukhawuleza kunokuba banako ukugcina i-surplus.

I-07 Ibhalansi yezoRhwebo: I-US Imports kunye namazwe angaphandle

I-United States yayithengisa i-$ 4.9 trillion ngamazwe angaphandle kuma-2016. Kwakuyi-2.2 yezigidigidi zamazwe angaphandle kwi- export and $ 2.7 trillion kumazwe angaphandle . Ingowona wesithathu-omkhulu kunazo zonke, kodwa umthengisi ophezulu. Ngobukhulu bayo kunye nobutyebi, kufuneka ukuba uthumele ngaphezulu. Enye yemingeni emikhulu ekuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-US kukuba amanye amazwe anemigangatho ephantsi yokuphila . Bangenza izinto zibe zibi kakhulu kuba zihlawula abasebenzi babo ngaphantsi.

Kutheni singakwazi ukwenza yonke into ekhaya? Siyakwazi, kodwa babeza kuba neendleko ezininzi. Uninzi lwabantu aluzimisele ukuhlawula ngaphezulu nje ukugcina imisebenzi yase-US. Ukuthengiswa kwe-US kwindleko engaphantsi kwemveliso eyenziwe ekhaya. IMelika ingenise ngaphezu kwesahlulo sempahla yayo kumazwe amahlanu kuphela .

I- Akhawunti yangoku-11: Ulwaphulo lwezeNtengiso Inkcazo

Imiphumo yomrhweba xa kuthengiswa ilizwe elingaphezu kwelo lizwe. Ukungenisa iimpahla kunye neenkonzo eziveliswa kwelizwe langaphandle, nokuba liveliswe ngaphesheya kwinkampani yasekhaya.

Ngoko ke, ukulahleka kwezorhwebo kunokwenzeka nokuba zonke izinto ezingeniswayo zithengiswa, kwaye zithumela inzuzo kwi-firm firm. Ngokunyuka kwamaqela angamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokugqithiswa kwemisebenzi , ukunyuka kwezorhwebo kuphakama.

09 I- Akhawunti yangoku: i-US Trade Deficit

Inxalenye enkulu yobutyebi bentengiso yase- United States kubangelwa ukuthembela kweMelika kwioli yangaphandle. Xa amaxabiso eoli ephakanyiswa, ngokunjalo ukulahleka kwezorhwebo. I-Melika iphinde ingenise imoto ezininzi kunye neemveliso zabathengi. Amazwe angaphandle ase-United States afaka ezininzi izinto ezifanayo, kodwa akwanele ukwandisa ubunzima .