Musa Ukunyusa Ingozi Yakho Ngokunciphisa Ubutyebi Bakho
Abanikazi bezindlu abanakho ukuxolelwa kule nyaniso. Kubonelelwa ngokwenkcubeko ukuba phantse wonke umntu ngaphakathi eUnited States unomnqweno wokuba wakhe umzi wakhe ngqo; ukufumana ubumnini bendawo yokuhlala kunye nokucaca kwe-bhanki okanye isikhungo semali yinxalenye yephupha laseMerika. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuba usesikhundleni sokususa yonke ibhalansi ye-mortgage yakho yokuhlala yokuhlala eyona ndawo, ukwenza iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo ukunciphisa ibhalansi yenqununu kunokukhokelela kwingxakini yezemali, ngakumbi ukuba awugcinanga i-fund yakho yengxakeko . Oku kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa inyaniso. Xa uqoqosho luya ngaseningizimu, ukufumana imali eyaneleyo ukuze usinde ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, inhlekelele yonyango okanye intsapho yengxamiseko kunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kobusuku obungenalutho noxolo lwangaphakathi.
Ubungakanani Bokuba Unayo Kwikhaya Lakho, Umkhulu Kakhulu Ubunjani Bhanki Ngaba Uya Kuhamba Ngaphambili Xa Ulahlekelwa Iintlawulo
Cinga ukuba unobhanki.
Unabathengi ababini, uJohn noMary, bobabini abanayo indlu bavakaliswa kwi $ 200,000. UJohn uye waba ngumntu obulalayo, ufikelela kwiibokhwe zakhe zetyala lekhadi lesikwereti, ukuqeshisa imoto yakhe, ayinakho ixabiso lempahla, kwaye unembali yengqesho engaqinisekanga. UMariya, ngakolunye uhlangothi, unetyala elihle kakhulu, kwaye nangona engenayo imali eninzi eyongezelweyo, uye wenza ngokunyanisekileyo ukuhlawula kabini okanye kathathu ukwenzela ukunciphisa ibhalansi kwimali yakhe yokubolekwa, okwangoku i-$ 15,000 nje.
Ukhangele phambili ngelanga xa angathumela i-voucher yokugcina ebhankini kwaye uyazi ukuba indlu yakhe iphelele kwaye iphelele.
Ngoku, cinga ukuba bobabini babandezeleka. Mhlawumbi ba se ngengozi kwaye bangakwazi ukusebenza okanye baqeshwe ngenxa yokunciphisa umnotho . Njengebhanki, awuyi kubona uze ulahleke intlawulo. Uya kuhlaselwa kwaye uqaphele xa iintsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha zidlula, kwaye akukho zihlolwe zifunyenwe ngeposi. Ngexesha elithile, umyinge uphelelwa apho imithetho yasebhanki nemimiselo kufuna ukuba uqaphele ukuba unako ukufumana enye intlawulo evela kuYohane okanye kuMariya. Ngokuqinisekileyo, abasebenzi bebhanki bafuna ukukhusela oku ngenxa yokunciphisa inzuzo yabo ebhaliweyo, banciphise amandla ebhalansi yabo, benza ukuba abalawuli babo bacaphuse, kwaye bafumana abanikazi (okanye abanini-zimali ukuba ibhanki ithengiswe esidlangalaleni ) ukujibazela ukuba batshintshe imeko okanye umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa imisebenzi yabo.
Ukuze ugweme oku, abasebenzi bebhanki baya kuthatha amanyathelo asebenzayo ukuze abuyele umboleko "kwi-accrual status" ngokukhawuleza ukwenzela ukuba ingalimazi ingxelo zezimali. Indlela eyona nto enokwenziwa ngayo kukuba kukugqithisela kwipropati kunye neyintengiso kumthengi.
Ngokombono wakho njengomnini webhanki, ngubani na oya kuhamba emva kokuqala? UJohn, ongekho phantse ekhaya, okanye uMary? Ukuba ubuza kuhamba phambili kuYohane, kuya kufuneka uphinde uphinde ufumane i-$ 200,000 epheleleyo yokucela intlawulo yokususa imali mboleko kwiincwadi zakho. Ukuba unqabile kuMariya, unako ukuhlawula ipropati kwisaphulelo esiphezulu kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza kwaye usule imali epheleleyo ye-15,000 yemali mboleko.
Ewe, uMary ube ngumthengi omhle kakhulu. Ewe, wenze konke ngokufanelekileyo. Mhlawumbi akunakulungele ukuba nguye owokuqala oya kulandela kodwa ukuqonda ukuba kutheni le nto yenziwe, kufuneka uqaphele isakhiwo esincomekayo esikhethwe ngabaqeshwa kwiWall Street, leyo nto leyo, ngenxa yoko, isiphumo sabasomali abanqwenela ukuzinza, kunye naphezulu, inzuzo.
Ngubani na abatyala-mali? Mna nawe. Kwiminyaka yethu- 401 (k) iiplani , i-akhawunti ye-IRA, okanye ngobunini bemali yenkcazo okanye izitokethi ngabanye kwiakhawunti yokurhweba rhoqo.
Ingxowa yempesheni ehlawula iitsheki kubazali bakho okanye nogogo nomkhulu. Yinkampani yomshuwalense efuna ukuvelisa imali yokuhlawula amabango. Xa abatyali-mali befuna inzuzo, iWall Street ayifuni ukubona ibhanki inomhlaba omkhulu. Abasebenzi bebhanki yakho abayikubeka umngcipheko wabo emsebenzini ngokuzama ukuluhlulisa indlu kaYohane kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukwenzela ukuba athole ubuncinane bebulungisa kulo. Banomdla kuphela ekukhuseleni imali abaye bahamba ngayo uYohane, kwaye wathembisa ukubuyisela. Yingakho bajika kwiiyunivesithi. Abakwazi ukuhlawula indlu kaYohn ngenxa yokuba imali engenayo ayinako ukuhlawula imali mboleko. Indlu kaMariya, ngakwelinye icala, ingafakwa kwi-$ 125,000 kwintengiso. Bafumana i-15,000 yee-$ kwaye bagcina i-balance sheet eqhelekileyo ngelixa elahlekelwa yi-$ 75,000 kwi-equity ebenokuthi ibanjwe iyakwazi ukuluhlu lwepropati kwiimarike ixesha elide ukwenzela ukufumana inikezelo ehloniphekileyo.
Uthi ntoni ngoYohane? Leyo yinxalenye enenkohlakalo. Iibhanki ezininzi zinokuthi zilungele ukulungiswa kwemigaqo yokuhlawula ukumnceda ngaphandle kwemeko kuba bangawugcina ngokusemthethweni kwiincwadi njengesibolekiso "esihle". Basenokunikela ngenkokhelo yebhalolo ekupheleni komrhumo wokuhlawula imali. Basenokuvumela iminyaka emibini yentlawulo-nxaxheba kuphela. Kwiimfuno zolawulo, isibhakabhaka ngumda, kwaye kuxhomekeka ukuba i-bhanki inqwenela kangakanani ukuphepha ukuhlaselwa kwiinzuzo zayo .
Umnini wezindlu angazikhusela njani okanye ngokwakhe kwiNgxaki?
Inkolelo enkulu kunazo zonke nawuphi na umtyalomali onxamnye nokuchithwa kwempahla . Yithethe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ibhanki ayikhathazeki kakhulu ngemali oyibolekisa yona, nje ngokuba uqhubeka uhlawula ngexesha, ngaphandle kokulibaziseka, ngoko ke inani labo libukeka likhulu.
UMariya wayebe bhetele ngakumbi ngokuthatha loo ntlawulo kabini neyesithathu eyenzileyo kwi-mortgage yakhe kunye nokuyibeka kwi-akhawunti yemarike yemali okanye i-fund. (Ngeli xesha le ngqangi ibhaliwe ekuqaleni, loo mali ihlawula i-4% ukuya ku-5%. Le mihla, awuyi kufumana imali eninzi ngenzuzo , kodwa kuyafuneka ukuba ukunciphise umngcipheko.) Ukuba kwenzeka okuthile, wayekwazi ukugubungela ukungaphumeleli ngokungena kwisabelo esakhiweyo. Ukuba kwakubonakala ngathi imeko ayiyi kutshintsha, wayenokubeka indlu yakhe kwimarike kwaye azame ukuzicima kwiimeko phambi kokujongana neentlekele zemali.
Enye ingozi enkulu kunye nesicwangciso esigxile kwi-liquidity ingozi yokuba umntu usebenzisa imali xa egcina ityala. I-akhawunti enexabiso elikhulu lemali engenakuvinjelwa likhulu kakhulu isilingo kubantu abaninzi. Mhlawumbi bafumana emva kweekhredithi zabo zekhadi zamatyala. Mhlawumbi bafuna ithelevishini entsha yesikrini seplani kwaye bacinge ukuba baya kudibanisa kwingxowa-mali baze bahlawule emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa. (Akunakwenzeka ukuba usebenze ngale ndlela kwipesenti enkulu yabantu.) Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba kukho nantoni na ukuba unomdla wokuchitha imali kuyo nayiphi na enye ngaphandle kokuba wenze intlawulo yakho yendlu xa kwenzeka imeko engxamisekileyo, mhlawumbi ingcinga engalunganga. Ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kwehla ekuziphatheni nasekuziphatheni.
Enye ingozi enkulu isilingo sokuhamba ngeepesenti ezimbalwa zeengxelo zokubuya ngokutyalomali kwiimpahla zeengozi. Isicwangciso esithile sezemali sincike kwikhuseleko lwenqununu. Kwabaninzi abantu, oku kuthetha ukukhutshwa kweentlawulo eziphathekayo zerhafu ezinjengeengxowa-mali zemarike zemali ezitshala kwiibhondi zikamasipala. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, abo abanolwazi olukhethekileyo kwiimarike ezithile (ezifana nezitokhe okanye i-estate) bangafaka imali kule mngcipheko. Ikhuselekileyo kakhulu kuyo yonke indawo yokugcinwa kweempahla ngokubhekiselele kwi-akhawunti ye-TreasuryDirect ezaliswe yi-Nondyebo yeebhanki ngokubanjelwa ngqo kwiSebe le-Amasheya eMerika.