Kutheni ukuthengwa kwekhaya kukunceda ukwakha isizwe
Ngo-2017, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zangomhlaba kwanikela ngemali eyi-1.07 trillion kwisiqhamo sesizwe soqoqosho.
Iipesenti ezi-6 zemveliso yasekhaya yasekhaya yase-US. Ngaphantsi kwenani le-2006 le-1.195 trillion. Ngelo xesha, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zangaphandle kwakuyinxalenye enkulu ye-GDP ye- 8.9%. Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zangaphandle kubasebenzi abanzi. Yingakho ukuphahla kwakha izindlu kwakumnikelo omkhulu kwizinga eliphezulu lokungabikho kwemisebenzi .
Ukwakhiwa yindawo enye yendawo yokuhlala elinganiselwe yi-GDP. I-real estate nayo ichaphazela ezinye iindawo ezininzi zokuhlala kakuhle kwezoqoqosho ezingalinganiswa. Ngokomzekelo, ukwehla kokuthengiswa kwezindlu kwangoku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwamanani entengo. Okunciphisa ixabiso lemizi yonke, nokuba ngaba abanini bayathengisa ngokuthe ngqo okanye hayi. Iyanciphisa inani leemali-mboleko zezindlu ezifumanekayo kubanikazi. Baya kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemali yabathengi .
Phantse iipesenti ezingama-70 zoqoqosho lwase-US zisekelwe ekusebenziseni . Ukuncitshiswa kweendleko zabathengi kubangela ukuhla kwehla kwezoqoqosho.
Ikhokelela ekuqhubekeni kokuhla kweengqesho, ingeniso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali. Ukuba i- Federal Reserve ayingeneleli ngokunciphisa amaxabiso enzala , ngoko ilizwe lingasweleka . Iindaba ezilungileyo kuphela ngamanani aphantsi asekhaya kukuba ukunciphisa amathuba okunyuka kwamaxabiso .
I-Real Estate kunye no-2008 Ukubuyisela
Ukuhla kwamanani asekhaya kwasekuqaleni kwabangela ingxaki yemali ka - 2008 , kodwa bambalwa abayifumene ngelo xesha.
NgoJulayi 2007, intengo ephakathi komntu oyedwa kunye nentsapho yayingaphantsi kwama-4 ekhulwini ukususela ngo-Oktobha 2005, ngokweMbutho kaZwelonke we-Realtors. Kodwa i-economists ayikwazanga ukuvuma malunga nokuba kubi kangakanani. Iinkcazo zokunciphisa umnotho , ukuthengiswa kweebhere kunye nokulungiswa kwemarike yemasheya kulungelelaniswe kakuhle, kodwa okufanayo akunjalo nakwiimakethe zendlu.
Uninzi lwalifanisa ne-24 yeepesenti ekunciphiseni kwexesha elide ngexesha lokudakumba okukhulu kwe-1929 . Baye bawufanisa nokuhla kweepesenti ezingama-22 ukuya kuma-40 kwiindawo zokuvelisa ioli ngexesha lokuhla kwexabiso leoli kwii-1980. Ngaloo migangatho, i-slump yayingabonakali.
Olunye uphando lwezoqoqosho lubonise ukuba intengo yezindlu iyancipha ama-10-15 ekhulwini anele ukuphelisa ubulungisa . Oko kudala umphumo webhola lebhola elidala ubuhlungu obukhulu kubaphathi bezindlu. Ukulahleka okulinganayo kwenzeke kwezinye iindawo zaseFlorida, i-Nevada neLouanaana ngo-2007. Emva kokuphindaphindiweyo, abaninzi bethu bebefanele baphulaphule.
Phantse isiqingatha seemali-mboleko ezikhutshwe phakathi ko-2005 no-2007 beziphantsi . Kwakuthetha ukuba abathengi babekwazi ukungafi. Ingxaki yangempela kukuba iibhanki zasetyenziselwa ukuxhasa izigidigidi zeedola. Amabhanki aphanga iimali zokubolekwa eziphantsi kwe-subprime kule mboleko .
Bathengisa njengotyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo kwiimali zempesheni, iinkampani kunye nabahlala phantsi. Kungenxa yokuba "babekhuselekile" ekungagqibekanga ngomkhiqizo omshuwalense omtsha obizwa ngokuba yi- credit default swaps . Omkhulu umniki-mali ngu- American International Group Inc.
Xa ababolekisi bebenzileyo, i-securities-backed-backed value value. Abanini-mali abaninzi bazama ukusebenzisa i-credit swaps yabo engapheliyo ukuba i-AIG yaphuma ngaphandle kwemali. Yatshitshisa ukuba ikhona ngokwayo. Yingakho i-Federal Reserve yafuneka ibhawule. Yileyo ndlela iphuma ngayo i-crisis mortgage .
Amabhanki aneeninzi zokubambisa izibambiso kwiincwadi zabo, njenge- Bear Stearns kunye neLehman Brothers, zavalwa ngamanye amabhanki. Ngaphandle kwemali yokuqhuba amashishini abo, bajika kwiFed ukuze bancede. I-Fed ifunyenwe umthengi ngowokuqala, kodwa kungekhona yesibini.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Lehman Brothers kwagxotha ingxaki yezimali ka-2008.
Uninzi lwaseMelika lukholelwa ukuba imakethi yendawo yokuhlala iya kuphazamiseka kwiminyaka emibini ezayo. Bajonga ukunyuka kweendleko zezindlu, kunye namazinga okukhulisa i-Fed. Kubo, kubonakala ngathi ibhola eliya kulandelwa ukuwa. Kodwa kukho ukungafani kakhulu phakathi kwemarike yangoku yezindlu kunye ne-2005. Ngokomzekelo, iimali-mboleko eziphantsi kwe-subprime zenza iipesenti ezi-5 zemarike yemali. Ngo-2005, banikele ngepesenti ezingama-20. Kwakhona, iibhanki ziye zaphakamisa imigangatho yokuboleka imali. Ekhaya "iminyango kufuneka inikezele ngamaphesenti angama-45 eendleko zekhaya. Ngexesha elijongene neengxaki ze-subprime, zazifuna iipesenti ezingama-20 okanye ngaphantsi.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, abanini bezindlu abanathathi ngokulinganayo kwamakhaya abo. Ukulingana kwasekhaya kwaphakama kwi-85 yezigidigidi ngo-2006. Kwaye kwawa ngaphantsi kwama-dollar ayi-10 yezigidi ngo-2010, kwaye yahlala khona kwaze kwaba ngo-2015. Ngo-2017, bekuye kwavela kuphela kwi-14 billion yezigidi. Isizathu esikhulu kukuba abantu abambalwa abafakela ukutshatyalaliswa. Ngo-2016, kuphela i-770,846 eyayifakwe kwi-bankruptcy. Ngo-2010, abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.5 benza. Unobamacare ukubulela loo nto. Ngoku ukuba abantu abaninzi bahlanganiswa ne-inshurensi, bancitshiswa kakhulu ukuba batyunyiwe ngetyala lezonyango. Le ntlukwano yenza ukuba imarike yezindlu iwele phantsi.