Indlela Echaphazela Ngayo Uqoqosho Lwase-US
Ngokutsho kwe- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , abo babolekayo baye bahlambalaza, baqeshisa, okanye banamazinga aphantsi kredit kunye / okanye imali ephantsi. Ngokukodwa, baye bahlambalaza ngentlawulo yabo kunye namabhinqa angama-30 angama-30 kunyaka owedlule.
Umboleki-mali kufuneka abhale phantsi okanye abhale phantsi-mboleko, okanye bekukho isigwebo esichasene nabo kwiminyaka emibili edlulileyo. Baye baxhomekeka ukuba baye bachithwa kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo. Ababolekisi be-Subprime banamabanga amanqaku aphantsi akhredithi, afana ne-FICO ka-660 okanye ngaphantsi. Ingeniso yabo yonyaka ingaphantsi kwesahlulo seentlawulo zenzalo yenqununu ngonyaka.
Iimboleko ezinjalo zinomngcipheko ophezulu wokungagqibekanga kunokuba zibolekwe ezibolekisiweyo. Iibhanki, ngoko ke, zihlawulisa iimali eziphezulu zokuzihlawulisa ngenxa yengozi eyongezelelweyo. Baya kuba neerhafu eziphezulu, iindleko zokuvala ezinkulu, okanye zifuna ezinye zokuhlawula.
Imboleko yemali ephezulu kufuneka ixelelwe kwi-FDIC ukuba i-percentage rate yepesenti okanye i-APR ibe ngaphezu kweethathu kwipesenti ezingaphezulu kunezivuno kwi-bond efanayo. Kufuneka kwakhona kuxelwe ukuba iindleko zokuvala zingaphezulu kwama-8 ekhulwini lemali-mboleko.
Iintlobo zeMali-mboleko ye-Subprime
Ukutsala ababolekayo be-subprime, iibhanki zanikela zonke iintlobo zemali-mboleko ezingabizi ekuqaleni, kodwa zenza inzuzo kamva.
Uninzi lwabaphantsi kwee-teaser "rates" kunyaka wokuqala okanye ezimbini. Abaninzi ababolekayo abazange baqonde ukuba isantya savuka ngokukhawuleza emva koko. Abanye bacinga ukuba bangayithengisa indlu okanye bahlaziywe ngaphambi koko. Ezi zinto ezibizwa ngokuba yimali-mboleko engekho mveliso zazingekho ngqo. Kodwa aba bafumananga abangaqhelwanga okanye ababolekiyo abangenalwazi kwiinkathazo.
Nayi imimiselo yezona ziwayo:
Imali-mboleko kuphela yenzalo elula ukuyifumana kuba ayifuni ukuba nayiphi na inqununu ibhatale iminyaka yokuqala yemali mboleko. Abaninzi ababolekayo bacinga ukuba baya kuhlaziya okanye bathengise indlu yabo, ngaphambi kokuba inqununu ihlawulwe. Kuyingozi kakhulu kuba oko kukuhlawula kwenyanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo abanako ukuhlawula imali ephezulu. Ukuba ixabiso lamaconsi asekhaya, awanakukwazi ukulungiswa. Abakwazi ukuthengisa indlu nokuba. Kule meko, baphoqeleka ukuba bangagqibekanga ngenxa yokuba abanako ukwenza intlawulo ephezulu.
Ukukhethwa kwemali ebolekiswayo yemali yokubolekwa kwemali mboleko kwavumela ababoleki ukuba bakhethe ubuninzi bokuhlawula inyanga nganye. Nangona kunjalo, inkokhelo encinci ithetha ukuba ezinye zongezelelwe kwinqununu yakho. Emva kweminyaka emihlanu, ukhetho luyalala kwaye umboleko wawukhulu kunokuba ekuqaleni.
Iimboleko zemali zokunqongophala ezingalunganga zazifana nemali -mboleko kuphela, kodwa yimbi. Kungenxa yokuba abazange bahlawule inqununu. Enyanisweni, iintlawulo zenzalo ziphantsi kangangokuba inyanga nganye, ityala likhule likhulu njengoko longezelelwe kwinqununu. Ngamanye amazwi, inqununu yanda ngenyanga.
Imali-mboleko emiselweyo yexesha elide elide elidlulileyo kwiminyaka engama-40 okanye engama-50, endaweni ye-mortgage yeminyaka engama-30.
Iimali-mboleko zeBhalon zavunyelwa ukuhlawulwa kweenyanga eziphantsi, kodwa zifuna ukuhlawulwa okukhulu emva kweminyaka emihlanu ukuya kweyisixhenxe ukuhlawula yonke imboleko.
Imali-mboleko engekho-mali eyavumela umboleki ukuba athathe imali mboleko yokuhlawula.
Impembelelo yoqoqosho
Imali yokubolekwa kwemali ye-Subprime yayingenye yezizathu zeengxaki zemali eziphantsi komhlaba . Iimali ze-Hedge zifumene ukuba zinokuthenga imali eninzi kunye nokuthengisa iimpahla zokubambisa imali. Ezi zivela kwiimveliso ezisekelwe kwixabiso lemali ephantsi kwemali. Zaziwayo xa abahwebi beqala ukubophelwa ngemali ye-subprime mortgage ephezulu.
Abathengisi be-hedge-fund bahlula le miqulu kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-tranches. Bayibeka yonke intlawulo yentlawulo ephantsi ukusuka kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala ye-mortgage subprime kunye neentlawulo eziphantsi kweentengo zemali eziqhelekileyo.
Inkokhelo ephakamileyo yemali yayithweswa kwi- tranches eyayibonakala iyingozi, kuba yayiyivuno ephezulu. Ukuze baphakamise phezulu, bathengise i-inshurensi malunga naluphi na olungagqibekanga, olubizwa ngokuba yi- default default swaps .
Ukugqithiswa kweemali ezixhaswe ngemali-mboleko ezithintekisayo zithi abahwebi be- hedge fund babedinga imali engaphezulu kunye neyona yangaphezulu yokunyusa imali. Amabhanki adala ezi ziko-mali zangaphandle ukufumana ibhizinisi elongezelelweyo. Bathengisa imali yokuthenga imali kwaye babathengisa kubathengisi bee-hedge fund.
Zonke zahamba kakuhle kwaze kwaba yilapho ixabiso lezindlu liqala ukuwa ngo-2006. Oku kwakungekho nto eyenzekayo kwimbali yase-US. Nangona kunjalo, kwenzeke malunga nexesha elifanayo abaninzi ababolekayo bafumana inzala yabo yentsingiselo yokutshiza i-third to fifth year of mortgage exotic.
Ekubeni indlu yabo yayingeneli ngaphantsi kwe-mortgage, abazange bakwazi ukuhlaziya okanye ukuthengisa ikhaya. Xa beqala ukungagqibekanga, abanini bee-securities ezixhaswe ngemali-mboleko bafumanisa ukuba iziphumo zabo azifanelekanga oko bahlawulela. Xa bezama ukuqokelela i-inshurensi yabo, umniki-mali, i-AIG, phantse wahamba . Oku kwakhokelela kwingxaki yemali ka - 2008 kunye neRest Recession .