Indlela ye-Akhawunti ye-Akhawunti ingaba yenze njani i-Recession Recession
Inye indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-accounting cost. Igcina ixabiso le-asethi kwiincwadi kwizinga layo langaphambili.
Kufana nokuqinisekisa ukuxabiseka kwexabiso lemoto yakho.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani
Ekupheleni konyaka ngamnye wezimali , inkampani kufuneka ibhengeze ukuba i-asethi ngayinye ifanelekile kwiingxelo zayo zemali. Kulula kubaxhasi-mali ukuba baqikelele ukubaluleka kwexabiso lemarike ukuba abathengi bathenga kwaye bathengise olo hlobo lweempahla rhoqo.
Umzekelo omhle ngumqulu weNondyebo we-10 . Umgcini-akhawunti uhlawula i-asethi ngokwezinga elicatshulweyo kwimarike. Ukuba iNondyebo ivelise izinga lokunyuka kwithuba lonyaka, umgcini-akhawunti uya kuphawula inani leenqaku. Inqaku elibanjelwe yibhanki alihlawuli ngokubanzi inzala njengamanqaku amatsha. Ukuba inkampani ithengise isibophelelo, iya kufumana ngaphantsi kokuhlawulwa kwayo. Amanqaku eemali zeNondyebo ashicilelwa kwi-press yemali yonke imihla yoshishino.
Ukumakisha kwiimarike kunzima kwi-asethi engenayo i- liquid . Umlawuli kufuneka alinganise ukuba ixabiso liya kuba yintoni ukuba i-asethi ingathengiswa. Umzekelo ngumvuzo wendlu.
Umgcini-akhawunti kufuneka anqume okokuthi leyo mboleko iya kuba nexabiso xa inkampani ithengisa kwenye ibhanki. Kuya kuxhomekeka kwimeko yokuba umntu obolekayo angazenza ngayo zonke iintlawulo.
Ukuqikelela ixabiso leempahla ezingekho phantsi, umlawuli angakhetha kwezinye iindlela ezimbini. Iyokuqala ibizwa ngokuba ngumngcipheko wendalo.
Iquka ukuba kungenzeka ukuba i-asethi ayifanele ixabiso layo langaphambili. Kwindlu yokubolekwa kwemali, umgcini-mali uya kubheka umlinganiselo wekredithi yomboleki. Ukuba amanqaku aphantsi, kunethuba eliphezulu ukuthenga imali ayiyi kubuyiselwa. Umgcini-mali uya kunciphisa ixabiso lokuqala ngenqanaba lomngcipheko lokuba umboleki uya kuphelelwa.
Indlela yesibini ibizwa ngokuba ngumngcipheko wezinga lomdla. Iquka ukubaluleka kweempahla eziqhathaniswa nezinto ezifanayo. Ngokomzekelo, yithi i-asethi ibhondi . Ukuba ixabiso lentengo liphakama, ngoko ubophelo kufuneka luphawulwe. Kungenxa yokuba abathengi abanokuthi bahlawule ngaphantsi kwebhondi enika ukubuyiswa okuphantsi. Kodwa ayikho imarike yamanzi kulo mkhonkco njengawo amanqaku kaNondyebo. Ngenxa yoko, umgcini-akhawunti uya kuqala ngexabiso lebhondi ngokusekelwe kumanqaku eNondyebo. Uya kunciphisa ixabiso lebhanki , ngokusekelwe kumngcipheko walo njengoko kuqinisekiswe ngumgangatho weNqanaba loMgangatho kunye noPhantsi .
Okuhle nokubi
Phawula kwiimarike kunika umfanekiso ochanekileyo wexabiso lexabiso langoku. Abatyalomali kufuneka bazi ukuba ixabiso leenkampani liye lahla ngexabiso. Ngaphandle koko, inkampani inokuthi ithwale ixabiso layo lokwenene.
Ngokomzekelo, phawula kwi-market accounting kungakukhusela iCrisis Savings and Loan Crisis .
Ngee-1970 kunye nee-1980, iibhanki zasebenzisa i-accounting account. Baluhlule intengo yangaphambili yexabiso elithengiweyo. Bahlaziya kuphela eli xabiso xa bethengisa i-asethi.
Xa amaxabiso eoli ehlile ngo-1986 , ipropati egcinwe yiTexas yokulondoloza nokuboleka imali yawa. Kodwa iibhanki zagcina ixabiso kwiincwadi zazo kwixabiso langaphambili. Oku kwenza ukuba kubonakale iibhanki zisesimo esingcono sezemali kunokuba zikhona. Amabhankanye afihlile isimo sokuwohloka kwempahla yabo yokuhla.
Phawula kwiimarike kuyingozi xa uqoqosho luphazamiseka . Njengoko zonke ixabiso le-aseset liyehla, iinkampani ngokukhawuleza zilahlekelwa ngumnatha wazo. Ngenxa yoko, amashishini amaninzi aya kuphawulwa. Kuza kubeka umgangatho ophantsi oya kwenza ukuba uqoqosho lube lubi kakhulu.
Ngokomzekelo, phawula kwiimali zeemarike zonakalise ukuPhukisa okukhulu. I- Federal Reserve ichaze ukuba uphawu kumarike lujongene nokuhluleka kwamabhanki amaninzi.
Iibhanki ezininzi zanyanzeliswa ngaphandle kweshishini emva kokuba zihlaziywe impahla yazo. Ngowe-1938, uMongameli Roosevelt wathatha isiluleko seFed waza wayicima.
Indima kwiNkqubela yeMali ka-2008
Imakethi kwi-market accounting ingaba yonakalise inkxalabo yemali ka - 2008 . Okokuqala, iibhanki zaphakamisa ukubaluleka kweemali zabo zokubambisa iimali njengoko izindleko zezindlu zanyuka. Emva koko baqhuba ukunyusa inani leemali-mboleko abazenzayo ukugcina ibhalansi phakathi kweempahla namatyala. Ekuphephekeni kwabo ukuthengisa imali engaphezulu kwemali, bahlawulela kwiimfuno zemboleko. Ngenxa yoko, balayishe imali yokuthenga imali . Le yinye yeendlela ezithathwe yiyo eyabangela ukungabikho kwemali .
Ingxaki yesibini yenzeka xa amaxabiso e-asethi aqala ukuwa. Ukumaketha kwiimalike zentengiso kwenza ukuba amabhanki abhale phantsi ukubaluleka kwee- securities zabo . Ngoku iibhanki zafuneka ziboleke ngaphantsi ukuqinisekisa ukuba izibophelelo zabo zazingekho ngaphezu kweempahla zabo. Ukumaketha kwiimarike kubonakalise i-bubble yezindlu kunye nexabiso elisezantsi lekhaya ngexesha lokuncipha.
Ngo-2009, iBhodi yeMigangatho ye-Akhawunti yezeMali yase-United States yanciphisa umqondiso kwi-market accounting accounting. Ukumiswa kwalo kwavumela iibhanki ukuba zigcine ixabiso le-MBS kwiincwadi zazo. Enyanisweni, ixabiso laliye lahla.
Ukuba iibhanki zaphoqeleka ukuba ziphawule ixabiso layo phantsi, bekuya kubangela izigatshana ezingagqibekanga zezivumelwano zabo ezivela kwiimvumelwano. Izivumelwano zifuna ukuhanjiswa kwe-inshorensi ye- credit swaps xa ixabiso le-MBS lifike kwizinga elithile. Kuya kutshabalalisa zonke iibhanki ezinkulu kwiibhanki kwihlabathi.
Indlela ekuchaphazela ngayo
Phawula kuqeqesho lwemarike kunokukunceda ukulawula iimali zakho. Kufuneka uhlaziye iphothifoliyo yakho yomhlalaphantsi inyanga nganye ukurekhoda ixabiso langoku.
Kanye kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka kufuneka udibane nomcebisi wakho wezezimali ukuze ulungelelanise ukubamba kwakho. Qinisekisa ukuba zihambelane nokunikezelwa kweefa ezifunwayo. Oko kuyimfuneko ukugcina izibonelelo zeepotifoliyo ezahlukileyo .