Iimali zentengo zichongiwe

Kutheni i-Stocks iphakanyiswa kwaye ingabonakali

Njengoko usenokuba ufunde ngokuSingeniso kwiWall Street , injongo yeemarike ezinkulu ziphindwe kathathu. Esemngciphekweni wokuziphindaphinda, ndiza kucaphula inqaku elifanelekileyo kwaye ndikukhuthaze ukuba ufunde kwakhona ngaphambi kokungena kwiinkcukacha:

1. Ukuseka imarike eyintloko ngokudibanisa iindleko ezinkulu kunye nalabo abafuna ukuphakamisa inkunzi, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuboleka ngokukhutshwa kweebhanki okanye ngokuthengisa ubunini kwishishini ngokukhutshwa kwe-stock . Isizathu esiyintloko sokuba iWall Street ibaluleke kakhulu kuba yinto eyenza umsebenzi wongxowankulu; oko kushukumisela imali ngokufanelekileyo kwimisebenzi yayo enemveliso kakhulu, ukwandisa imigangatho yokuphila ngexesha elide.

1. Ukuququzelela imarike yesibini kubanikazi abakhona bee- stocks kunye nezibophelelo ukuze bafumane abanye abazimisele ukuthenga iziqinisekiso zabo ukuze bakwazi ukuphakamisa imali, enefuthe lokwenza iimarike eziphambili ziphumelele njengoko abatyali-mali banokuzithemba ngakumbi ukukwazi ukusebenzisa iphothifoliyo yabo. njengomthombo wobutyebi, ngokubanzi zifuna iiprayimamu ezinciphekileyo zengozi ngenxa yoko.
2. Ukuncedisa abo banqwenela ukukhupha umsebenzi wokutyalomali-mali wabo ukuze umxhasi angagxininisa kwi-career yakhe yokuqala okanye umsebenzi. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kwenziwa nge-broker-dealer. Ukwandisa, oku kwenziwa ngenkampani ebhalisiweyo ngumcebisi-mali obhalisiweyo obophelelwe ngumsebenzi wokubambisa ukubeka iimfuno zabathengi ngaphezu kwemfuno yenkampani, kubandakanywa nabacebisi bentlalo ebhalisiweyo, ngokuyinhloko iinkampani zolawulo lwee-asethi . Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba unomvuzo ophezulu, umntu ophumelelayo njengonjiniyela wesofthiwe okanye ugqirha, unokuhlawula omnye umntu ukuphatha iphothifoliyo yakho njengoko ugxininisa ekuveleni imali engakumbi, ungafundi ukufundwa kwe- 10-K okanye iifowuni ze-fund . Njengomlawuli we-Kennon-Green & Co., iqela lokulawula i-asethi apho ndiza kulawula khona inkunzi yentsapho kunye nemali yabathengi yabangasese nabacebileyo abafuna ukutyalomla kunye nathi emva kokuba ivula iingcango zayo kamva kulo nyaka, oku apho ndiza kuchitha imali endiyilindele ukuba ibe yintsali yam sebenzi.

Ixabiso lentengo eguqukayo - amasheya abe ngaphezulu okanye amasheya angabalulekanga-avela kwimarike yesibini. Okokuthi, xa inkampani iphakanyisile inkunzi-mali evela kubatyalomali, ngaba abo batyali-mali, okanye abanikazi, ukuthenga nokuthengisa phakathi kwabo ngokusekelwe kwimiba echaphazelekayo eyenza ixabiso lexabiso lemarike yangoku.

Abathengi abanokubhengeza ixabiso apho babeya kukulungele ukuhlawula, ababizwa ngokuba yiBhidi. Abathengisi abanokubhengeza ixabiso apho babeya kukulungisa ukuthengisa, abaziwa njenge-Ask. Umenzi weemarike phakathi usebenza ukwenza ukuthengiswa kweemarike ngokuncedisa ukuqhuba imisebenzi phakathi kwamaqela amabini. Xa umthengi kunye nomdayisi beza kunye, urhwebo luqhutywa kwintengo apho uhwebo lwenzeka khona luba yintengiso ethe catshulwayo ukhangeleka kumabonakude amacandelo e-ticker, ii-portals ze-intanethi kunye namaphepha e- akhawunti .

Nangona kukho isikolo sombono obizwa ngokuba yi-theory ye-market, esenza ukuba ixabiso lemarike langoku lexabiso lithengise, libonakalise lonke ulwazi oluchanekileyo, lilonke ibhokisi; Iimfundiso ezingenangqondo ezifundiswa ngabafundisi bezemfundo abaphikisanayo ngeengelosi ezidansa ngentloko yepini. Le ngcamango iyancotshwa kwiminyaka ngenxa yokugqithiswa kwengqondo epheleleyo ibonisa ukuba ngoku ayikho nje ingqiqo. Ngokwenyani, iinkampani zorhwebo zingaphantsi okanye ziphantsi kunokuba zifanele lonke ixesha. Ixabiso eliyinyani - into ethi uBenjamin Graham ibiza ngokuthi "ixabiso langaphakathi" - lixabiso lenani elikhoyo lomnini-mali; imali enokukhishwa kwishishini ukususela ngoku ukuphela kwexesha ukuba ungeke uyithengise kwaye kufuneka uhlale ngonaphakade ngokusekelwe kumandla okwenene okuvelisa kwishishini ngokwayo.

Kubandakanywa kuloo kubalwa yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-risk-free rate. EUnited States, loo myinge kwiibhondi ze-US Treasury zangexesha elide. (Umlinganiselo omnye wokuthabatha ukuthelekisa amaxabiso okulingana kukujonga isivuno somvuzo kwisitokisiso kwaye uqhathanise nesivuno seNondyebo.)

Ziziphi iimeko ezinokubangela ukuba inkampani ithengise ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwexabiso langaphakathi? Nangona kukho ezininzi, ezine ezithandekayo kufuneka uzi ukuba umtyalo-mali omtsha:

1. Ukulwa phakathi kootyalo-mali kunye nabalingisi baqhuba ixabiso ngeliphi na lathiso
2. Ixabiso lempahla yesitokisi
3. Ubomi (kuyavakala ngokuqhelekileyo, kodwa kuya kuyenza ingqiqo kamva)
4. Iingxaki zesikhashana kwi-shishini elingabangela ukuba abantu balahlekelwe ukholo kwixesha elide lokufumana umvuzo.