Ulawulo oluphezulu lunokuba nomthelela omkhulu kwiinkqubo zebhanki ngokusebenzisa umthetho, kwiSebe lakhe loBulungiseleli kunye nangenkundla yakhe yokumisela inkundla.
Agenda yoMthetho
Nangona kukho i-blogosphere enokuthi siyikholelwe, uDonald Trump akazange afake isicelo sokubhankanya. Ukususela ngo-1990, ezithandathu zeenkampani zakhe zafaka iSahluko 11 sokutshatyalaliswa. Isahluko 11 asikho nto abantu abaninzi abayicinga ngayo xa becinga ukutshatyalaliswa. Isahluko 11 sivumela ishishini (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha umntu unomntu oninzi kunye neerhafu ezininzi) ukulungelelanisa izibophelelo zalo ngelixa liqhubeka liqhuba ishishini. KwiSahluko 7 , umntu okanye inkampani efakela ityala ihlawula. Igosa lenkundla elibiza i- trustee liza kuthengisa zonke ii-asethi zeenkampani kunye nezinye zeefayili zomntu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali ukuhlawula abathengi. UDonald Trump, njengomntu, akazange afake iSahluko 11 okanye iSahluko 7.
Oko akusho ukuthi uMnu. Trump akaqhelani nenkqubo. Akungabazeki ukuba. Kodwa, andizange ndilindele ukufumana isenzo esithile somthetho ngexesha elifutshane. Ikhowudi yeBhanki ye-Bankruptcy yayisandul 'ukugqitywa ngo-2006. Umthetho, obizwa ngokuba yiNkqubo yokuLawulwa koThatshulwa koTywala kunye noMthetho woKhuseleko kwabaThengi (i-BAPCPA) , waxhaswa yiCongress njengenjongo yokuchithwa kwekhadi lekhredithi.
I-BAPCPA yenza ukuba inkqubo yokubhankqalaza ibhekiswe kubasebenzisi abangaphantsi kwaye ikhusele ngakumbi iimfuno zeziko lemali kunye neebhanki. Ngokomzekelo, kwavelisa ukuvelisa uvavanyo lwendlela ebonisa ukuxhoma abo batyala (abantu abafakela i-bankruptcy) abangathanda ukufaka ifowulda yeSahluko 7 kodwa banezinto okanye i-engenayo eyaneleyo yokuhlawula amanye amatyala abo.
Ngokubambisana novavanyo lweNdlela , iCongress yongezelela amalungiselelo afuna ukuba abatyala banokuthi bathathe inxaxheba kwiseshoni yokucebisa ngetyala ngaphambi kokufakela kunye nekhosi yolawulo lwemali emva kokufakela. I-BAPCPA yenza ukuba kube nzima ngababoleki ukuba basebenzise i-bankruptcy ukuze baphinde baxoxise amaxabiso amanqanaba aphezulu kwimali-mboleko yemoto yakutshanje.
UMnu. Trump akavakanga nasiphi na i-ajenda yomthetho yokumisela imingcele eyongezelelekileyo yebhanki, nangona uye wazisa ukuba akayena umhlobo kumthengi. Ngokomzekelo, uye wagxeka ngokugqithiseleyo iBhunga loLawulo lwezeMali likaMthengi kaRhulumente, owamiselwa kuphela ngo-2010. Ngokufanayo, ezinye izikhombisi zithi uzimisele ukuhlula iKhomishoni yoLawulo lwe-Federal indima yayo ekukhuseleni abathengi. Kwakhona kuthiwa uqulunqa isicwangciso sokunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ubuninzi bomgaqo-mboleko ojongene nabathengi kwinkqubo yebhanki yaseburhulumenteni.
Njengomboniso, qwalasela umyalelo wokuqala kaMongameli uTrump emva kokuvulwa kwakhe okuvimbile ukunciphisa okucwangcisiweyo kwiirhafu kwi-FA-backed regages.
Isenzo esiLawulayo
Akukho zicwangciso okwangoku ukwenza utshintsho olunzulu kwiindawo zeKhowudi yeBhanki echaphazela iziganeko zabathengi, nangona iinguqulelo ziphakanyisiwe kwiSahluko 11. Oku akuthethi ukuba sinokuphefumula ukukhulula. Njengoko sibonile noMongameli uTrump of orders orders, kukho into enokuyenza ngaphandle kokutshintshwa kwimiqathango kwiincwadi. Enyanisweni, uMnu Obama naye wasebenzisa umyalelo olawulayo ukuchaphazela imiba enxulumene nabathengi njengemali-mboleko yomfundi.
Ngaphandle kwemiyalelo yesigqeba, ininzi yenkqubo yokubhankanya iinjongo zeendlela iinkundla kunye neSebe lezoBulungisa lilawula kwaye litshintshe imithetho ekhoyo kwiincwadi.
Nangona inkundla ze-bankruptcy zikhokelwa ngabagwebi be-bankruptcy, ininzi yomsebenzi wenkundla empeleni yenziwa ngumsebenzi oqeshwe ngokuzimela obizwa ngokuba ngumphathiswa . Iiprasti ziqeshwe kwiSahluko 7 se-bankruptcy ngqo, apho zihlawuliswe khona umsebenzi wokuqokelela impahla engeyiyo ikhutshwe, leyo itrasti iya kuyithengisa. Imali isasazwa phakathi kwababolekisi abanamabango asemthethweni kunye nezizathu. IiTrasti zizimeleyo kwiijaji kwaye zonyulwa yiSebe lezoBulungisa, ngokukodwa i-Ofisi yeTrasti yase-US. Umgaqo-nkqubo we-Bankruptcy udlalwa ngobudlelwane bomphathiswa kunye ne-Trustee yase-US kunye nababoleki.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuVavanywa kweNdlela okukhankanywe ngasentla akuyi kudala umphumo ogqambileyo womgca ovumela abanye abanetyala ukuba bafake iimeko zenkanuko yeSahluko 7, kodwa baxoxisana nabanye abatyala kulokho abanye abantu abayijonga njengendlela engathandekiyo yebhanki ebizwa ngokuba yiSahluko 13 . Isahluko 13 sidinga umboleki ukuba abuyisele ubuncinane isabelo seembopheleleko zakhe kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. Endaweni yoko, uVavanyo lweNdlela luphawu. Ibonisa ukuba umntu onetyala ucinga ukuba usebenzisa kakubi inkqubo yebhanki ngenxa yokuba uneniso eyaneleyo yokwenza intlawulo kubabolekisi bakhe. Umboleki angakwazi ukunqoba ukuxhatshazwa kokuxhaphazwa ngokubonisa ubungqina bokuthi ukubalwa kovavanyo lokuThatha akuqwalaselanga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba umboleki uza kuluhlula ukunqunyulwa kwaloo nto kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngaba umphathiswa, ababoleki okanye ijaji yebhanki lijongene nelungelo lokufaka ifowulda yeSahluko 7. Ababolekisi abanako ukwenza loo mngeni. I-trustee yindlela yokuqala yokukhusela (okanye ityala) kulo mbandela kwaye unesibalo esicacileyo sokuqonda nokuba uyayilandela. Eminye yale ngqiqo ibonisa umgaqo-nkqubo wokulawula, njengoko uhlonywe kwiofisi yeTrasti yase-US. Isicwangciso somgaqo-nkqubo onzima siza kuba namatrasti aqhekeka phantsi kwimeko yokuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi. Konke oku kuthatha ukuxhamla kwi-executive executive.
Ngokufanayo, elinye ilungiselelo kwiKhowudi yeBhanki ye-Bankruptcy ingakhokelela ekuphicothweni okungafunekiyo kwimeko yetyala. Kulo lonke ityala le-bankruptcy, umboleki unika ulwazi malunga namatyala, i-asethi, ingeniso kunye neendleko. Kuze kube yi-BAPCPA, iishedyuli zetyala zabuzwa kuphela ukuba ubungqina bomboleki phantsi kwesifungo behluke kwizinto azibhengeze kumaphepha, okanye umboleki-mali (kunye ngamanye amaxesha umlingane owayengumlingane) wayenolwazi oluphikisana neeshedyuli zetyala. Njengoko kucatshangelwa ukulungiswa kwebhanki, iCongress yanquma ukufaka kwi-BAPCPA ibonelelo eliya kufuna i-ofisi yeTrasti yase-US ukuba ivumelwano kunye nabaphicotho-zincwadi abaza kuphicothwa iishedyuli baze bafanise iirekhodi zeetyala kunye nezinye izixhobo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ziya kufikelela kude njengokuqulunqa iimpahla zetyala kwikhaya lakhe.
Xa inkqubo yophicotho-qaliso yaqala, isithili ngasinye sokwahlulela sasiya kukhetha i-case eyodwa kwi-250. Ngexesha loqoqosho, nangona kunjalo, iofisi yeTrasti yase-US yanciphisa inkqubo yophicotho ngenxa yemimiselo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Inani langoku lamatyala aphicothiweyo namhlanje linjengeli-2,500. Ngethuba nje iTrasti yase-United States ibhajethi yalo, iTrasti yase-US inokubeka i-screws kuyo nayiphi na, kwaye inene yonke, iifayile zebhanki. Kwakhona, oku kungaba ngumphumo wokutshintshwa komgaqo-nkqubo kwi-administration okanye kwiSebe lezoBulungisa elingafunanga inyathelo yiCongress.
I-Attorney General General Jeff Sessions yayingu-senator wase-Alabama. Irekhodi lakhe lokuvota libonisa ukunyaniseka okucacileyo ngokubhekiselele kwimithetho engqongqo yebhanki kunye nemithetho nemigaqo eyenzelwe ukukhusela abathengi. Ngokucacileyo, kubonakala ngathi uMnu Sessions, ophethe igunya phezu kweofisi yeTrasti yase-US, uhambelana kakhulu noMnu. Trump, kwaye unokuba uncike ngakumbi kunene.
Impembelelo yoBulungisa
Ekugqibeleni, enye indlela uMnu. Trump unokuchaphazela ngayo umgaqo-nkqubo we-bankruptcy, ngokubandakanya iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-US, iiNkundla zoBheno kunye neenkundla zetyala zesithili.
Ukuchithwa kwi-United States kulawulwa yiNkqubo yeBhanki ye-Bankruptcy ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yenkundla yenkundla. Kwabo bethu abasebenzisana kakhulu neenkundla ze-federal kunye nokutshatyalaliswa ngokukodwa, unyango lukaMnu Trump lwenkqubo yenkundla luye lwaphawuleka ngokukhethekileyo. Ekusebenzelaneni kwakhe neenkundla malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yokufudukela kwamanye amazwe kunye nomyalelo olawulayo ochaphazela ukuhamba ukusuka kumazwe athile asempuma ophakathi, ubonise oko kubonakala kungabikho kokuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwamatyala enkundla, ububanzi bamagunya abo ngokomgaqo-siseko kunye nokusebenza ukuhlolwa kunye nezilinganiso ezakhelwe kwindlela yethu yorhulumente.
Inkundla ze-Bankruptcy inkundla ezenziwe ngumthetho, kodwa isebenza phantsi kolawulo lwe-federal (iSigaba III). Njengoko ulawulo, uMnu. Trump akanalo igunya elizodwa phezu kweenkundla ze-bankruptcy. Akayi kuthi, ngokwakhe, akhethe ijaji njengabanqwenela isithili okanye abagwebi bezobhenela okanye izigwebo zeNkundla ePhakamileyo.
Kulo kubhala, iCongress inokuqwalasela uNeil Gorsuch ukuba aqeshwe kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo ukuba agcwalise isithuba esishiywe ngu-Justice Antonin Scalia. Inkundla isebenze inye emfutshane yonyaka, isahlulo sesine ukuya kwezine kunye nezizathu zeengcamango. Ukucinga ukuba uMgwebi uGorsuch uya kuba ngumthetho olandelayo weNkundla ePhakamileyo, iBlog Credit Slips iye yahlaziywa kwamacala athe wagqiba xa ekhonza kwiNkundla yeziBheno ze-US kwiShedyuli yeshumi. Njengoko i-blogger uJason Kilborn ithe, ukuthelekisa uGorsuch kumntu ocingelwa ngaphambili,
Ukuthuthwa okulula kuzo zonke ezi ziimeko kukuba iGorsuch ayikho into enokuthi "unomdla-onobubele." Enyanisweni, andicinga ukuba enye yeembono ezithe zafunyanwa zilawulwa ngumntu onetyala (ii).
Kuqiniseke ukuba ulawulo lweTrump luyakwenza okuncinci okanye akukho nto yokunciphisa umthwalo kubantu abanetyala. Amatshintsho endlela yokusingatha amatyala angabikho kwi-Trump yokuqala yohla lweentsuku eziyi-100 zokufezekisa, kodwa kukho into enokuyenza ngokubethelwa kwipeni okanye igama kwi-Attorney General.