Ukuqonda iMingcipheko eyongeziweyo yoBunikazi bamaBhanki angaphandle
Ngokwalingcamango, le ngcamango enkulu. Ukuba utyalomali kwiibhondi zangaphandle, uya kuqokelela umvuzo wenzuzo kwiimali ezininzi. Ukuba inkqubo yezopolitiko iyawa kwaye ungaphunyuka, usenokungafuneki ukuqala ngaphaya kwexesha ngokuxhomekeka apho kwaye, kwaye njani, wabamba ezo zityalo-mali zangaphandle.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokusebenza, ukutshala imali kwiibhondi zangaphandle kungaba yingozi kakhulu kumntu omdala. Kungaba lula ukuphazamiseka ekugqibeleni kweso xa usebenza ngaphandle kwemida ekhuselekileyo, imithetho kunye nemozulu yezopolitiko yaseUnited States okanye iKhanada, ngokukodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kweemali ezinobunini ezifana neebhondi. Oku kunokubangela ukuba utyalo-mali olwamanye amazwe luvelise imali engenayo engenayo ngemali elahlekelwe ixabiso elihambelana ne-United States okanye i-dollar yaseCanada, oku kuthetha ukuba unamandla athile okuthenga emakethe yakho yasekuhlaleni ukuhlawula imali yakho, ukuthenga ukutya, iholide, okanye uhlawule iindleko zakho zokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Iimfazwe, ukubetha, izigwebo zomhlaba wonke, i-hyperinflation, ukuchithwa; konke kwenzeka, ngamanye amaxesha kungenasilumkiso, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukukhusela imali yakho ukusuka kwihlabathi lonke. Oku kuyinyani xa ucinga ukuba uvela kude, uya kuba yintlekele enkulu kubatyali-mali abahlala kweli lizwe.
Isithethi saseJapan esihlala eJapan kwaye sifunde ingxelo yonyaka yoshishini laseJapan eJapan kuya kuba nexesha elilula ukuqonda ukutshintshwa okufihlakeleyo kwiimpembelelo ezinxulumene neemali ezifana nomlinganiselo wokuba nomdla kunomntu wasemzini.
Makhe sithathe isikhashana sihlolisise ezinye zezinto zokutyalomali kwiibhondi zangaphandle ukuze ufumane ingcamango engcono yokuba kutheni ungabulumko uze ube nolwazi oluninzi nolwazi.
Iimpawu ezintathu zeTyalomali yeBhanki yangaphandle
Utyalo-mali lwamazwe angaphandle luneempawu ezintathu ezahlukileyo ezenza ukuba zihlukile kwi-investment bond. Zezi:
- Ubhonkco lukhutshwa liziko langaphandle (njengombuso, umasipala okanye iqumrhu)
- Ibhondi ithengiswa kwiimarike zezimali zangaphandle
- Ubhonkco buboniswa ngemali yangaphandle
Amabhondi angaphandle angenelela ingozi yeNgxowa-mali eyongeziweyo
Naliphi na ixesha obamba imali yangaphandle, nokuba ngaba yimali yokuya eYurophu okanye i-investments njengenxalenye yephothifoliyo, unobungozi bemali. Ukuchazwa nje, umngcipheko lwemali luyakwazi ukulahleka ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwamanani okutshintshiselana phakathi kwemali oyibambe kwaye imali iya kufuna, ekugqibeleni, ukuhlawula iibhilikhwe zakho, amatyala okanye enye imali ephumayo.
Umngcipheko wemali unokuguqula inzuzo kwi-investor yangaphandle kwilahleko okanye i-visa versa.
Umzekeliso weengozi zemali
Umtyalo-mali uthenge i-£ 1,000 ngentengo yebhanki yaseBrithani kunye ne-4 ½% yebhondi . Ngexesha elenza utyalo-mali, izinga lokutshintshiselana ngemali laliyi-$ 1.60 yaseMerika e-dollar ukuya kwi-£ 1.00 yepiliti yaseYurophu yaseYurophu (ngamanye amazwi, kubiza imali eyi-1.60 kwimali yase-US ukuyithenga i-1.00). Oku kuthetha ukuba wahlawula i-$ 1,600 kwi-bond.
Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, i-bond bonds. Umtyalo-mali ukhutshwe ngokukhawuleza isheke malunga nexabiso lentengo yebhanki yangaphandle (£ 1,000). Ukuxhalabisa kwakhe, xa ehamba ukuguqula loo mali kwiidola ukuze asebenzise imali e-United States, ufumanisa ukuba izinga lokutshintshwa kwemali liye lafika kwi-$ 1.40 ukuya kwi-1.00. Isiphumo? Ufumana i-$ 1,400 kuphela kwiibhondi zakhe zangaphandle, athe wathenga i-$ 1,600.
Ukulahleka kweedola ezingama-200 kungenxa yemingcipheko yemali.
(Qaphela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uzuze kwimingcipheko yemali.) Ukuba idola liwile ngokuthelekiswa nepound sterling - umzekelo, izinga lokutshintshiselana liye laya kwi $ 1.80 ngeepesenti 1.00 - umtyalo-mali uza kufumana i-$ 1,800 okanye i-$ 200 ngaphezu kokuhlawula. , ukuhlawuliswa kwemali kukuthi-ukucinga nje. Iimali zokutshintshwa kwemali zihanjiswa yimilinganiselo ye-macroeconomic kubandakanya ixabiso lentengo , idatha yokungasebenzi kunye neemeko ze-geopolitiki, akukho nanye apho ingachaneka ngokuchanekileyo nangona naluphi na ubungqina obuqinisekileyo. ngokuchasene nokunyuka kwemali ngokubandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezithile zokuhlambulula ezinokuthi zithintele ngokunyanisekileyo kumtyalomali omncinane. Oku kungaphezulu kweengxoxo zethu.)
Utyalo-mali lwamaBhankanye angaphandle luvame ukumela iBango elingenakunyanzeliswayo
Umngcipheko ophambili wokutyalomali kwiibhanki zangaphandle, nokuba ngaba yintlawulo ekhutshwe yi-rhu lumente okanye ibhondi yequmrhu ekhutshwe yoshishini, kukuba ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisela kwizinto ezinokuthi ibangelwe ibango elingenakunyanzeliswa.
Umtyalo-mali ophethe izibophelelo ezikhutshwe kuyo, kwaye ekhuselekile yimpahla yenkomfa kwimida, ilizwe lakhe lasekhaya lijongene nomthetho ngokusemthethweni xa kwenzeka. Ukuba unayo iimbophe zokuqala zokubolekwa kwemithwalo yempahla yomzila ogcinwe liqela elithile leempahla kwi- balance sheet yebhajethi , kwaye iibhonksi ziyahluleka, ungadonsa umkhupheli enkundleni uze ufune unobungozi obusondeza ubophelelo.
Izibophelelo zangaphandle zingabonakala zinika ukhuselo olufanayo kwiphepha kodwa kaninzi lukhohlakeleyo. Intlangano yezopolitiko (umz., I-Iranian kwiminyaka yee-1970) ingafika kumandla kwaye ibambe okanye iphikise yonke impahla kunye neebango zangaphandle. Izwe linokuthi libandakanyeke kwimpikiswano yempi kwaye inqande imali yayo ekushiyeni imida yalo. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, abatyali-zimali abaphethe izibophelelo ezikhutshwe eBrithani enkulu bahlawulwa inzala kwisikiti sterling kwaye banqatshelwe ukuguqula loo maqhekeza angama-dollar. Imali ingabuyiselwa kuphela kwiimali-mali ezitshintshiweyo okanye zichithe kwimida yeBritani okanye iikholoni zayo; induduzo ekhuselekileyo kumhlolokazi waseNew York owayefuna loo mali ukuze athenge amafutha ebusika.
Utyalo-mali kwi-Eurobonds (i-Bond Global) kunye noTyalo-mali kwiiBhanki zangaphandle
Kwinqaku yokugqibela, kubalulekile ukugqamisa umehluko phakathi kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi- eurobond kunye neebhendi zangaphandle. I-eurobond ibhondi ekhutshwe kwaye ithengiswe kwelinye ilizwe ngaphandle kweyayimali yayo. I-eurobond ayifuni ukuba ivela eYurophu okanye iphela, nangona amaninzi amatyala elolo hlobo anikezelwa ngamanyathelo angewona aseYurophu kubatyalomali baseYurophu.
Imizekelo ye-Eurobonds
1. I-Wal-Mart ikhupha iibhondi ezibhalwe kwiidola zase-US kwiimarike zemali zaseJamani.
2. Urhulumente waseFransi unika i-euro-ibhondi kwiintengiso zeJapan.