Yintoni Imali?
Imali ixabiso kuphela kuba abantu bayavuma ukunika ixabiso. Yindlela yokutshintsha, kunye nendlela yokugcina intengo.
Iingxelo zemali kunye neengxelo zezimali zingenalo naluphi na ixabiso, kodwa imali iba yinto ebalulekileyo xa wonke umntu evuma ukusebenzisa.
- Uhlobo lokutshintshiselana: Uhlobo lokutshintshisana yinto oyithengisayo kwenye into. Bobabini amaqela ekuthengiseni avumelana ukuba imali ixabiseke, ngoko kuyisisetyenziswa esisebenzayo naliphi na urhwebo.
- Ukugcina kwexabiso: Ivenkile yexabiso yinto enokubamba ixabiso kuwe emva koko. Ukuba uthengisa into ethile ngemali, unokugcina loo mali ngemali okanye kwi-akhawunti yasebhanki kwaye usebenzise imali ukuze uthenge into kamva.
Ixabiso le-intrinsic: Uninzi lwemali yanamhlanje alinayo ixabiso lendawo: Awukwazi ukuyidla imali yeerhafu okanye uyisebenzise nayiphi na incedo, kwaye i-bill 100 ayikho into ehlukileyo kwi-bill ye-$ 20. Enyanisweni, usenokungasebenzisi imali . Kodwa ngokwembali, ezinye iintlobo zemali zazinceda. Ngokomzekelo, i-beaver ifihla ingakugcina ifudumele ebusika, kunye neensimbi ezifana negolide zixabiseke ngokubonakala kwazo (kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ezo zinyithi nazo zibalulekile ekuveliseni).
Nantoni na esebenzayo: Ngenxa yokuba imali isekelwe kwisivumelwano, imali ekhoyo ingaba yinto-emzimbeni okanye ngekhompyutha. Abemi kwizinto ezikhoyo ngoku iMicronesia basebenzisa amatye amakhulu njengemali, kwaye iifayile ze-seashell nazo zaziwa kwezinye iindawo. Okwangoku, imali yinkqubo yekhompyutheni, ngoko ibhanki yakho kunye namanye amaziko emali agcina ingqalelo ukuba unakho.
Kutheni Kutheni Kuphela?
Inkqubo yokuguqulwa ibandakanya ukuthengiswa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo ngokuthe ngqo endaweni yokutshintshana. Umzekelo, ukuba ukhula imifuno kwaye ufuna itafile, unokukhangela umbazi onqwenela ukwakha itafile ngokutshintshela imifuno. Ngenye indlela, unokwazi umntu onetafile eyongezelelweyo ngesandla kunye nesidingo semifuno.
Ukuguqulwa kusebenza kakuhle kwiimeko ezincitshiswayo, kodwa kubonakala kunzima.
- Iimfuno ezihambelanayo: Ukuze ubenqabe ukusebenza, kufuneka ube nento enye into efuna ngayo, kwaye kufuneka babe nento ofuna-kwaye ezo mfuno zifuna ukuba zenzeke kanyekanye. Akunakwenzeka ukuba iiplanethi ziya kulungelelanisa ngaphezulu nangaphezulu.
- Ukugcinwa kwexabiso: Ngeenkqubo zokuqhawula, kunokuba nzima ukugcina ixabiso. Ukusebenzisa umzekelo wemifuno, kufuneka udayise iimpahla zakho ngaphambi kokuba ziphange, kwaye ungasadingeki nantoni ngexesha lokuvuna (okanye izinto ozifunayo akunako ukuba zifumaneke ngoko).
Ngenxa yeengxaki zokungena kwempahla, ezinye i-anthropologists zithetha ukuba inkqubo ye-barter ecocekileyo ayizange ibe khona.
Imali ekhishwe nguRhulumente
Imali ekhutshwe nguRhulumente mhlawumbi iyimali oqhelekileyo. Eyaziwa nangokuthi "imali", imali efana neDola yase-US ayikho inzuzo yangaphakathi.
Kunoko, baxabiseke ngenxa yokuba urhulumente ubeka imali kwaye uyichaza ukuba ityala lezomthetho-akukho mntu kuluntu angenakuvuma ukufumana imali ngemali kunye neemfanelo.
Ngasekupheleni kwe-1700s, imali yase-US yayisekelwe kwixabiso legolide nesilivere, kwaye ekugqibeleni igolide kuphela ixhasa iidola zase-US. Iingqekembe zatshintshwa kwiitye ezixabisekileyo, kwaye unokuba utshintshe iibhidi zamaphepha egolide. Kodwa ngo-1971, i-United States yashiya umgangatho wegolide- ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kungquzulwano , kwaye oko kukusoloko kubeka ityala lokunyuka kwamaxabiso .
Umgaqo-mali: Ukudibanisa idoli kunye negolide kukuvumela urhulumente ukuba asebenze uqoqosho kunye nexabiso lemali yase-US.
- Ukushicilela imali: Ngaphandle kokufunwa kwam okanye ukuthenga igolide, oorhulumente bangenza imali ngaphandle komoya ongciniweyo ngokushicilela imali engaphezulu. Ukwenza ulingano lwekhompyutheni, banokukhukula iimarike ngemali ngokuthenga iziqinisekiso ezivela kubatyalomali.
- Imali elula: Oorhulumente banokunyusa imali yokubonelela ngemali ngokunyusa amazinga omdla okanye ukuguqulwa kwemfuno zebhanki. Xa amaxabiso aphantsi, amashishini kunye nabantu banomtsalane wokuboleka, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo bachitha loo mali ukuthenga izinto okanye ukutshala imali ekukhuleni (ukwakha umveliso omtsha nokudala imisebenzi, umzekelo).
Ubungakanani bunokunyuka okanye bunciphise: Imali ibaluleke kuphela xa umntu ecinga ukuba ibalulekile. Kodwa iimbono ziyakwazi ukutshabalalisa, ngoko ixabiso lemali linokukhupha okanye litshintshe ixesha. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke ngee-currencies zemali, njengoko kungekho mveliso yenyama yokuxhasa ixabiso elisekelwe ngokupheleleyo elukholweni. Xa imali ixabisa kakhulu, kuthatha imali ethe xaxa ukuthenga izinto ezifanayo (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-inflation ). Ekugqibeleni, imali ingabi nantoni. Okuphambene nenyani-imali ingabaluleka ngakumbi xa ifunwa kakhulu.
Ingakanani Imali?
Ehlabathini lonke: Ukugcina umkhondo wemali kunzima, ngakumbi xa uqoqosho luguqula rhoqo. Ngo-2017, iBhanki yeeNdawo zoLondolozo lwaMazwe ngamazwe liqikelelwa ukuba i-$ 5 trillion yexabiso ikhona kwihlabathi jikelele.
Imali yase-US: Kungaba lula ukugxila kwilizwe elinye ngexesha. I-CIA World Factbook iqikelela ukuba kukho iiligidi eziyi-14 zamaRandi ase-US. Kodwa ezininzi zihlala kumaziko emali okanye kwi-akhawunti ye-elektroniki. I-Fed, ibhanki yelizwe eliphambili , iphula imali yokunikezelwa kwemali kwiindidi eziliqela:
- I-M1 yimali ekhoyo. Oku kuquka imali ehambayo, imali kwi-akhawunti yeemfuneko (njengokujonga i- akhawunti ), ukuhlolwa kweendwendwe, kunye nezinye iifom zemali ezifumaneka ngokulula kwimali.
- I-M2 yinkcazo ebanzi equka i-M1 kunye nemali engenakufikeleleka kangako. Imizekelo ibandakanya imali kwi- akhawunti yokulondoloza , izatifikethi ezincinci zepositi (iiCD), i-akhawunti yemarike yemali, kunye nezixhobo ezifanayo.
- I-M3 iquka i-M2, kunye nexesha elibalulekileyo lokufaka imali, iimali zeemarike zezemali, izixhobo zemakethi yemali kunye nezinye iimpahla ezinkulu zemali. Konke, i-M3 ilinganiselwa kuma-14 trillion, njengoko ichazwe ngasentla.
Ngaba i-Cryptocurrency Money?
Imali ikhona xa nonke abantu bevuma ukuphatha into ethile ngemali-nokuba ingaba negunya (njengombutho karhulumente) ichaza into "njengemali." I-Cryptocurrencies efana neBitcoin inokuqhathaniswa njengemali kuba abantu basebenzisa ezo mariza zegedijethi njengemali: kworhwebo kunye ivenkile yexabiso.
Okokuthi, yonke uhlobo lwemali ineempawu ezahlukileyo, kwaye kufuneka ukhethe ukuba yiyiphi enye imisebenzi yemali engcono kuwe. Njengoko wenza isigqibo, qwalasela imithetho nemigangatho efanelekileyo kwindawo ohlala kuyo kwaye uthengise kuyo, umngcipheko kunye neenzuzo zokusebenzisa imali enikeziweyo, ukulungiswa kokusetyenziswa kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo.
Ukuba ngaba oorhulumente abamkele ngokusemthethweni iBitcoin njengemali, abanye abantu bayayisebenzisa njengaleyo (nangona ingaba yinto engathandekiyo kwezinye iindlela).