Okuhle nokubi
Ekubeni bathengisa rhoqo, banoxanduva lwesithathu kwisilinganiso semali yemihla ngemihla kwi-NYSE yedwa. Ingqikelelo ye-8,000 ye- hedge funds isebenza emhlabeni jikelele. Uninzi lwase-United States. Kukho uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-Connecticut.
Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba i-hedge funds igalelo elifanelekileyo kwimarike yemasheya. Kodwa xa imithombo yabo yenkomfa iyomile, ingaba nefuthe elibi kakhulu. (Umthombo: uCharles Cao, uBing Liang, Andrew Lo, uLubomir Petrasek, " iHedge Fund Holdings kunye ne-Stock Market ," i-Federal Reserve Board, ngoMeyi 2014.)
Iingenelo ezimbini
Iimali zeHedge zenza ukuba i-market yemasheke ibe yingozi. Kungenxa yokuba basebenzise izicwangciso zokutyalomali-based-based data. Ivumela abahlalutyi babo ukuba bafumane okungakumbi malunga nenkampani ngabanye kunomtyalo-mali ophakathi. Zixhaphaza kwaye zisebenzise ngokunxulumene naziphi na izitokiselwano ezingenakulungiswa. Oko kwenza amaxabiso esabelo sithandwa kakhulu.
Ngokunciphisa umngcipheko, ukulungiswa kweentengo zemali zentengiso ephantsi.
Iimali ezininzi zeentambo ziyi-investors. Bathenga izabelo ezaneleyo zokuvota kwibhodi yenkampani. Zineempembelelo ezinjalo kwisitokisi senkampani ukuba zinokunyanzela ukuba inkampani ibuyise imali kwaye ithucule amanani esabelo. Baya kwenza ukuba inkampani ithengise ixabiso elivelisayo okanye amashishini, abe ngempumelelo ngakumbi kwaye inenzuzo.
Iintlekele ezintlanu
Iimali zeHedge zandisa ingozi. Kungenxa yokuba basebenzisa izicwangciso ezifana nezicwangciso. Iiprogram zabo zeekhomputha zifikelela kwizigqibo ezifanayo malunga namathuba okutshala. Zichaphazela imarike ngokuthenga imveliso efanayo, njengemali yokubambisa i-mortgage-backed, ngexesha elifanayo. Njengoko amaxabiso aphakama, ezinye iinkqubo zikhutshwa kwaye zenze i-oda zokuthenga imveliso efanayo. Yiyo ndlela abadala ngayo amabhola . Jonga nje kwixabiso lezindlu ngo-2005, i- oyile ngo-2008 , igolide ngo-2011, i- Nondyebo ngo-2012 , imarike yemasheya ngo-2013, kunye ne- dollar yase - US ngo-2014.
Okwesibini, ukusetyenziswa kweentengo zeemali zetyenzi kuthetha ukuba, kunye nemali encinci etshalwa imali, banakho ukudala ukunyuka okukhulu kwiimarike. Ezi ziquka iinkontrakthi zokukhetha ezivumela ukuba zibeke umrhumo omncinci ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa isitoko kwixabiso elivunyelwene ngalo okanye phambi komhla ocacileyo. Bangakwazi ukuthengisa amasheya amfutshane, oku kuthetha ukuba baboleke isitokethi kumthengisi ukuba bayithengise, kwaye bathembisa ukuyibuyisela kwikamva. Bathenga iikhontrakthi zexesha eliza kuzinyanzela ukuba zithengise okanye zithengise ukhuseleko, impahla okanye ixabiso lemali, ngentengo evunyelweneyo ngomhla othe ngqo kwixesha elizayo.
Okwesithathu, i-hedge funds ithembele kakhulu kwixesha elifutshane-mali ngemali yemarike yemali .
Ezi ziqhelekileyo iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokunyusa imali, njengemali yemarike yemali , iphepha lokuthengisa elikhutshwe ngamashishini aphezulu-ngetyala kunye neeCD. Ukuthengwa kwemali yeentambo kunye nokuthengiswa kweempahla zala mafutha kubatyalomali ukuvelisa imali eyaneleyo ukuze kugcinwe i-akhawunti yazo. Iimfumba zivela kwiimveliso, ezifana nephepha lokuthengisa elisezantsi .
Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kusebenza kakuhle. Kodwa ngexesha leengxaki zemali, abatyali-mali abaninzi bathatyiswa kakhulu bathengisa nezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zokuthenga ii-100 zeepesenti eziqinisekileyo zeeNondyebo . Ngenxa yoko, i-hedge funds ayikwazanga ukugcina i- akhawunti yazo , kwaye yaphoqeleka ukuba ithengise amasheya kwixabiso le-basgain-price, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlaselwa kwemakethe yemasheya. Ngaphezulu, jonga ngoSeptemba 17, 2008, Qalisa kwiMakethi yeMali .
Okwesine, basebenzisa eli tyala lexeshana elifutshane njengenjongo yokuthenga iziphumo eziyingozi.
Yona ndlela kuphela yindlela umntu angakwazi ngayo ukukhupha imarike. Bathengisa ukuba iinkqubo zabo zeekhompyutheni kunye nokuhlalutya ziya kubavumela ukuba bahlale bechanekile kunoko.
Okwesibini, i-hedge funds isasetyenziswa kakhulu. Baya kwenza utyalo-mali ngaphandle kokuhlolisiswa yiKhomishana ye- Securities and Exchange . Ngokungafani neemali zengxowa-mali , azidingeki ukuba zibike ingxelo ngekota nganye. Oko kuthetha ukuba akukho mntu uyazi ukuba ziphi utyalo lwabo.
Indlela abachaphazela ngayo
Ukuba unayo amasheya, ngokuthe ngqo okanye nge-401 (k), i-IRA, okanye iplani yomhlala-phantsi, unempembelelo ngeemali.