Yintoni eyenza ibe nefuthe kangaka? Okokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwemilinganiselo kuvumela ukuba balawulwe izibambiso ezingaphezulu kunokuba babethengela ixesha elide. Basebenzisa izixhobo ezivela kuthiwa, ukuba imali encinci isaliswe imali, banakho ukudala ukuguquka okukhulu kwiimarike. Ezi ziquka iinkontrakthi zokukhetha ezivumela ukuba zibeke umrhumo omncinci ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa isitoko kwixabiso elivunyelwene ngalo okanye phambi komhla ocacileyo. Bangakwazi ukuthengisa amasheya amfutshane, oku kuthetha ukuba baboleke isitokethi kumthengisi ukuba bayithengise, kwaye bathembisa ukuyibuyisela kwikamva. Bathenga iikhontrakthi zexesha eliza kuzinyanzela ukuba zithengise okanye zithengise ukhuseleko, impahla okanye ixabiso lemali, ngentengo evunyelweneyo ngosuku oluthile kwixesha elizayo.
Okwesibini, basebenzisa iikhompyutheni zokurhweba ngekhompyutheni ezigxininisa nayiphi na indlela. Le yindlela yodwa yodwa umntu onokukwazi ukukhupha imarike. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukubheja ukuba iinkqubo zabo zeekhompyutheni kunye nokuhlalutya ziya kubavumela ukuba baqonde ngokuthe tye kunoko.
Okwesithathu, i-hedge funds ithembele kakhulu kwixesha elifutshane-mali ngemali yemarike yemali . Ezi ziqhelekileyo iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokunyusa imali, njengemali yemarike yemali , iphepha lokuthengisa elikhutshwe ngamashishini aphezulu-ngetyala kunye neeCD. Ukuthengwa kwemali yeentambo kunye nokuthengiswa kweempahla zala mafutha kubatyalomali ukuvelisa imali eyaneleyo ukuze kugcinwe i-akhawunti yazo.
Iimfumba zivela kwiimveliso, ezifana nephepha lokuthengisa elisezantsi .
Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kusebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha leengxaki zemali, abatyali-mali abaninzi bathatyiswa kakhulu bathengisa nezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zokuthenga ii-100 zeepesenti eziqinisekileyo zeeNondyebo . Ngenxa yoko, i-hedge funds ayikwazanga ukugcina i- akhawunti yazo , kwaye yaphoqeleka ukuba ithengise amasheya kwixabiso le-basgain-price, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlaselwa kwemakethe yemasheya. Baye banceda ukudala iSeptemba 17, 2008 ukuqhuba kwiimarike zemali .
Okwesibini, i-hedge funds isasetyenziswa kakhulu. Bangenza utyalo-mali ngaphandle kokuhlolisiswa yiSEKELO . Ngokungafani neemali zengxowa-mali , azidingeki ukuba zibike ingxelo ngekota nganye. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho mntu uyazi ukuba batyala ntoni.
Indlela abadala ngayo i-Asset Bubbles
Umnini-mali ocebileyo wehlabathi we-hedge fund, uGeorge Soros, wathi i-hedge funds empeleni ichaphazela iimarike kwi-loop ingxelo. Ukuba ezimbalwa iinkqubo zabo zokurhweba zifikelela kwizigqibo ezifanayo malunga namathuba okutyalomali, kubangela ukuba abanye baphendule.
Ngokomzekelo, bathi imali iqala ukuthenga iidola zase-US kwimarike yangaphambili, ukuqhuba ixabiso lentela kwipesenti okanye ezimbini. Ezinye iiprogram zithatha umgangatho, kwaye ziqaphele abahlalutyi babo ukuthenga. Lo mkhwa unako ukugxininiswa ukuba iikhomputha zekhompyutheni ziyakuthi zixhase iindlela zokuziphatha ezinjengezoqoqosho, njengemfazwe e-Ukraine, unyulo lwaseGrisi, kunye nesigwebo se-Russian oligarchs.
Umzekelo uthatha zonke ezi zinto ingqalelo, kwaye uyaqaphela ngakumbi abahlalutyi ukuba bathengise i-euro baze bathenge iidola. Nangona akekho owaziyo ngokuqinisekileyo, inkcazo yeli dola yaphakama ngo-15% ngo-2014, ngelixa i-euro yawela kumgangatho ophantsi kweminyaka engama-12.
Ezinye iibhola ze-asethi zakutshanje zifana nje ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinzima. Imarike yemasheya iphakame phantse kwi-30% ngo-2013, ukuvunyanwa kwe-Nondyebo kwafika kuminyaka engama-200 ephantsi ngo-2012, kwaye igolide yaphakama ibe malunga ne-$ 1,900 ngonyaka ngo-2011. Ixabiso leoli liye laphakama kwixesha elide elingama-$ 145 ngombhobho ngo-2008 , nangona ixabiso liye lawa ngenxa yokunyuka kwemali. I-bubble ye-aseset eyona yonakalisa yonke into yayiyintengiso ye-hedge fund kwi-securities-backed securities ngonyaka ka-2005.
Indlela abachaphazela ngayo
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na isetyenzisiweyo esithengiweyo esidlangalaleni, ngokukodwa okanye nge-401 (k), i-IRA, okanye iplani yempesheni, uchatshazelwa yimali ye-hedge funds. Abathengisi be-Hedge fund baye banciphisa iindleko zeoli.
Oku kwanefuthe elikhulu kuqoqosho. Ixabiso leoli liyinxalenye yexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso , elichaphazela abathengi abakwazi ukuthenga. Ekubeni iimveliso zabathengi ziphantse malunga nama-70 ekhulwini loqoqosho lwe-US , ukwandiswa kwamandla okuthenga abathengi kuye kwandisa ukukhula kwekhaya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abavelisi base-United States batshaywe yi dollar eqinile. Oku kunciphisa ukukhula kwamanye amazwe.
Iimali ze-Hedge nazo zatshintshe icandelo lebhanki. Iibhanki ezinkulu zijolise ngakumbi nangaphezulu kumakhasimende aphezulu amakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, iCiti ifumana ii-commissions zayo ezinkulu zorhwebo kwi-"Focus Five". Ezi ziinkampani ezinkulu ze-hedge fund: Ulawulo lwe-Millennium, i-Citadel, i-Surveyor Capital, iPoint72 Management Asset, kunye neCarlson Capital. Amashishini amancinci anexesha elinzima ngakumbi ukufumana imali. (Umthombo: "Usibuyisele yona kuphela i-$ 1 yezigidi? Yiya kumgca," iBloomberg, Matshi 23, 2016.)