Amanqanaba okuTyala okuTshintshe kakhulu ukuNciphisa irhafu
Ukunciphisa irhafu ngenye yezindlela ezilungileyo zokunyusa inzuzo yakho yentlawulo. Ngoko ke, isicwangciso esicwangcisekileyo sentela siyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesicwangciso sotyalo-mali.
Nazi ezinye zeendlela ezilungileyo zokunciphisa irhafu kwiimali zentlawulo:
Ukuba imali yakho yokubambisana igcinwe kwi-akhawunti echazwe ngerhafu, efana ne-IRA, 401 (k) okanye i-Annuity eThengiweyo yeRhafu, unokuphepha ugunyazisi omkhulu werhafu ngokwenza i-rollover okanye ngokuthatha isabelo sakho ngexabiso elincinci, usasazeka ngaphezu konyaka wekhalenda.
Ukuba unama-401 (k) kwaye awuyidingi imali ngoku, uqikelele ukuphepha iifayile ngokupheleleyo ngokutshintshisa i-401 yakho (k) imali ukuya kwesinye isicwangciso esifanelekileyo, esifana ne-IRA. Ukuba ufuna ukurhoxisa imali ngesizathu esithile, unokuthi uthathe nayiphi na imali oyifunayo kwi-IRA yakho, kunokuba ihlawulwe intela kwibhalansi yonke, njengokuba kunjalo kwintlawulo yemali evela kwi-401 (k).
Khawuqwalasele lo mzekelo. Xa uhoxisa imali kwi-akhawunti echazwe ngerhafu, ngokuqhelekileyo uhlawulwa irhafu yengeniso (kunye ne-10% yesigwebo sokurhoxisa kwangaphambili kwezinye iimeko) kwaye uhlawulwa irhafu kwinqanaba lakho lokuhlawula irhafu. Masithi imali yakho engenayo (evela emsebenzini) ikubeka kwibhonksi yentela ye-15%. Masikuxelele ukuba uya kunyuka ukuya kwi-25% yentlawulo yerhafu ukuba ingeniso yakho iyanda nge-$ 10,000. Ukuba unama-401 (k) ibhalansi yee-20,000 zamawaka kwaye uthathe isamba semali kwi-khalenda yonyaka omnye, kungekhona kuphela ukuba uza kufumana irhafu yengeniso kwixabiso elipheleleyo kodwa uza kuhlawula kwizinga eliphakamileyo lama-25%, kunoko umlinganiselo we-15% .
Kodwa ukuba uthabatha i-$ 10,000 ngonyaka okhoyo kwaye ulindele ukuthabatha i-$ 10,000 eyongezelelweyo kunyaka olandelayo, uza kuhlawuliswa kuphela kwizinga le-15% (ukufumana imali engenayo kwimisebenzi yakho kuyafana). Ngoko irhafu yengeniso kwi-$ 20,000 kwi-25% yi-$ 5,000. Kodwa irhafu yombuso kwiingxowa ezimbini zeeRhafu ezili-10 kwiminyaka eyahlukileyo kwi-15% iya kuba yintlawulo epheleleyo yentlawulo ye-$ 3,000 (ukugcinwa kwe-$ 2,000)!
Ukungadideki kunye nolwabiwo lweefa, indawo ye- asethi isicwangciso sokukhetha iifom zee-akhawunti ezifanelekileyo (ukufumana indawo efanelekileyo) yokutyalomali lwakho. Ukuhlawulwa kweerhafu kuhluke kakhulu kwiakhawunti ezithengiswa ngerhafu kunokuba i-akhawunti ye-brokerage. Ukuthengisa iimali eziziimali kwi-akhawunti echazwe ngerhafu, efana ne-IRA okanye 401 (k), ayiyi kuvelisa irhafu yentlawulo. Enyanisweni, ukuthengisa imali akuvelisi irhafu kuwo onke (nangona ezinye iifizi zentlawulo mali ziyakwenza isicelo). Kwakhona inzuzo evela kwiirhafu ayihlawulwanga kwi-IRAs okanye i-401 (k) de ide ihoxiswe kamva, njengomhlalaphantsi.
Iimali ezivelisa encinci kwerhafu kufuneka zigcinwe kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage kunye neengxowa-mali ezidibeneyo ezinokuvelisa irhafu kufuneka zigcinwe kwiakhawunti echazwe ngerhafu. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage, unokucinga ngokusebenzisa imali efanelekileyo yerhafu, njengengxowa- mali yemali kamasipala okanye imali evelisa imali encinci okanye engenayo inzuzo, njengemali ethile yokuThengiswa kweeNgxowa-mali (ETF) , imali ye-Index okanye i-stock stock funds.
P lan Ngaphambili Kwingxowa-mali Yakho InzuzoIimali zengxowa-mali zifunwa ukusabalalisa i-95% yemali engenayo yemali eveliswe kwiiphothifoliyo zabo kubanikezeli bamasheya. Ukuncedisa abanini-nxaxheba balungiselela ukufumana iintlawulo ezinkulu, iinkampani zengxowa-mali ngokubanzi zithumela ukuqikelelwa kokufumana imali ngokubanzi ukusuka ngo-Oktobha.
Ezi ngqikelelo zokunikwa kweenzuzo ezinkulu zinokukunceda ukuxhaswa ngabathengi-mali (abaneengxowa-mali ezigcinwe kwiakhawunti ezihlawulwayo) cwangcisa phambili ngosuku lwerhafu.
Yazi Njani kunye Nokuba Nini Ukufumana I-Beneferensi yeTyala lokuLawulwa kweRhafu
Ukuba uthengisa isikhwama sakho sempahla yexabiso kunye nexabiso eliphakamileyo kunokuba uthenge, uya kuba nenzuzo enkulu. Ukuba uthengisa i-fund yakho ngentengo ephantsi kunokuba uyithenge, unelahleko enkulu. Xa usebenzisa ilahleko ezinkulu zokunciphisa imali eyinzuzo okanye ukunciphisa imali engenayo, wenza into ebizwa ngokuthi ukulahleka kweentlawulo. Xa uvelisa inzuzo enkulu, unako ukuhlawulwa kwentlawulo yerhafu (ngaphandle kokuba utyalo-mali lugcinwe kwi-akhawunti ehlawulwe irhafu, njenge-IRA okanye 401 (k)). Nangona kunjalo, ukulahlekelwa kwemali enokubakho ihlawulise inzuzo enkulu okanye, ukuba kwakungekho nzuzo enkulu kwinkulungwane yerhafu, ungasebenzisa u-$ 3,000 ukunciphisa imali engenayo rhoqo.
Ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwemali kudlula i-$ 3,000 umtyalo-mali unokuqhubela phambili nayiphi na ilahleko ezingasetyenziswanga kwiminyaka yerhafu ezayo.
Ukulahleka kokulahlekelwa kweerhafu ngokuqhelekileyo kusisicwangciso-mali sokugqibela sonyaka kodwa umtyalomali ohlakaniphile uya kukhumbula zonke iintengo zokuthenga iimali kunye nokuthengisa kuwo wonke unyaka kwaye wenze izigqibo zotyalo-mali zisuselwe kwiinjongo zotyalo-mali, kungekhona i-whims zeemarike.
Funda indlela Izabelo zeMutual Fund ziTekisiwe
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele okokuqala ukuba abanini-mali abanamalungelo angabhalwa kwiirhafu zeengxowa-mali, nokuba ngaba le mpahla ifunyenwe ngemali okanye ibuyiswe kwizabelo ezongezelelweyo ze-fund. Kwakhona, kwii-akhawunti ezithile ezihlawulwe irhafu kunye neentlawulo ezixhamliweyo zerhafu, njenge-IRA, 401 (k) okanye i-annuity, izahlulelo azihlawuliswa kutyalomali ngelixa zigcinwe kwi-akhawunti. Endaweni yoko, utyalomali uza kuhlawula irhafu yengeniso ngokurhoxiswa ngonyaka kunyaka ohlawulwayo ukuhanjiswa (ukuhoxiswa) kwenziwa. Ezinye iingxowa-mali, ezifana ne- Municipal Bond Funds zingakhokhela ingeniso kubanikazi abanini- mali abanakho ukuhlawulwa kwerhafu yentlawulo.
Iingxelo zerhafu ezihlawulwayo, njengama-akhawunti athengiswayo ngabathengi ngabanye kunye kunye kunye, iirhafu zeemali ezihlangeneyo zikarhoxiswa okanye zihlawulwe njengemali yengeniso eqhelekileyo (ihlawulwe irhafu yerhafu yomntu ngamnye) okanye izahlulelo ezifanelekileyo (ezihlawuliswayo ukuya ku-15%). Iingeniso eziqhelekileyo nezifanelekileyo ezixhaswa ngabathengi-zimali kwiFom ye-1099-DIV . Ngenjongo yokufakela irhafu, umtyalomali-ntlawulo (umhlawuli-ntlawulo) uya kubika izabelo kwiFom 1040, iShedyuli B, kunye neFom 1040, imizila 9a no-9b.
Kwakhona, ngokwemali yerhafu, izahlulo zixhalabela kuphela i-akhawunti ehlawuliswayo, njengama-akhawunti athengiswayo ngabanye kunye ne-joint joint (ngaphandle kwe-IRAs, 401 (k) okanye ii-annuities ezikhuselekileyo zentlawulo). Ukuba ugqiba ukongeza i-fund eyodwa kwi-portfolio yakho, ngokukodwa ekupheleni konyaka wekhalenda, unokuphela ukufumana inkokhelo yokuhlawula. Oku kungakukhuthaza ukubuyiswa kwiphothifoliyo yakho kodwa ukuba ungenalo imali ngokukodwa kwimali engenayo, awufuneki irhafu eyongezelelweyo. Ngokufanayo, ukuba ucinga ukuthengisa amasheya e-fund, ungase ufune ukuyithengisa phambi komhla wokuhlawulela ukukhusela irhafu.
Ukuze ugweme irhafu kwi-dividend ekupheleni konyaka, qwa lasela uMhla woLwahlulo-mali, ngowusuku lokuqala apho abathengi abatsha beesitokhi bengayi kufumana isabelo. Le mini ngokuqhelekileyo iintsuku ezimbini zokurhweba phambi kokuba umhla wokuhlawula umrhumo ngenxa yeengqolowa zihlala iintsuku ezintathu emva komhla wokurhweba (obizwa ngokuba yi 'T + 3' ixesha lokuhlawulela 'Usuku lokuhweba kunye neyesithathu').
Ukuqonda okunzulu, nabani na abanikazi besitokethi ngosuku ngaphambi koMhla woLwabiwo-woLwabiwo-mali baya kufumana isabelo. Le mini phambi kwe-Ex-Dividend ibhekiselwa kumhla woku-In-Dividend . Umzekelo ukuba uMhla wokuLawulwa kweeNkcazo wangomhla wawunamhlanje kwaye uthengile okanye uthengisa izabelo zakho namhlanje, uya ku fumana isahlulelo nokuba uthengise ngomso. Qaphela: Ixabiso lesabelo sokwabelana ngokunciphisa isahlulo se-Ex-Dividend ngemali elingana nelinganayo kwisihlawulelo esihlawulwe ngenxa yokuba isahlulelo sinciphisa kwixabiso leenkampani kwaye intlawulo yesabelo ehlengahlengisiweyo iya kubonisa oku.
Sebenzisa i-Tax-Efficient Funds
Iimali eziphathekayo zerhafu zenza igalelo elincinci okanye akukho nzuzo okanye imali eyinzuzo. Ngoko ke, uya kufuna ukufumana iintlobo zeengxowa-mali ezihambelana nale ndlela ukuba ufuna ukunciphisa irhafu kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage rhoqo (kwaye ukuba injongo yakho yokutshala-mali kukukhula -ngenayo ingeniso). Okokuqala, unako ukuphelisa imali ephantsi kokusebenza kakuhle (ukuvelisa iirhafu ezininzi).
Ulwabiwo-mali lwentengiso kwiinkampani ezinkulu, ezifana neengxowa-mali ezinkulu ze-stock stock, ikakhulukazi kwi-value-value range, ngokuqhelekileyo zivelisa izahlulo eziphakamileyo eziphezulu kuba iinkampani ezinkulu zihlala zidlula ezinye zeenzuzo zazo kunye nabatyalomali ngendlela yezabelo. Iimali zeBond zivelisa imali engenayo kwimali efunyenwe kwii-bond bonds, ngoko-ke ayinako ukukhangela irhafu. Kufuneka kwakhona uqaphele ngeemali eziphathekayo eziphathekayo ngenxa yokuba zizama "ukubetha imarike" ngokuthenga nokuthengisa izitokisi okanye iintambo. Ngoko banako ukuvelisa i-capital income excessively ngokweqhathaniswa neengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngokungapheliyo .
Sebenzisa iiNgxowa nge-Low Ratio Ratio
Enye inxalenye yendlela yokusebenza kwentela yimivuzo ephantsi yokuthengisa, echazwe njengepesenti yebhanki elithile elithathelwe indawo (iphendulwe) ngunyaka odlulileyo. Inani eliphantsi lokuthengiswa libonisa isicwangciso sokuthenga kunye nesigxina sezimali eziphathekayo eziphathekayo kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zihambelana nemali elawulwa ngokunganyanzelwanga , njengemali yenkcazo kunye ne- Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) . Ngokubanzi, kunye nazo zonke ezinye izinto zilingana, i-fund eneentengo eziphezulu zentengiso ziya kuba neendleko zokuthengisa eziphezulu (ixabiso lexabiso ) kunye neendleko zerhafu ephezulu, kunokuba ingxowa enexabiso elincinci. Isishwankathelo, inzuzo engaphantsi iguqulela kwimbuyekezo ephezulu .
Njengoko kuzwakala, ireyithi yentlawulo yerhafu yinkalo yeentlawulo zeempembelelo ezichaphazela ukubuyiswa kwemali yentlawulo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba imali yakho yokubambisana ifumana ukubuyiswa kwe-10% phambi kweerhafu kodwa iindleko zerhafu eziqhutywe yingxowa-mali ziyanciphisa ukubuyela ngokubanzi kwi-9% yerhafu yexabiso lentlawulo ngu-1%. Abatyalomali banokufumana ukubuyiswa kwentela engaphambili, ukubuyiswa kweerhafu nokulungiswa kwemali yentlawulo yeemali ezihlangeneyo kwi- Morningstar .
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe njengeengcebiso zerhafu okanye iingcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.