Khumbula: Musa ukubeka onke amaqanda akho kwinqwelo elilodwa
Ingaba ungumtyalo-mali omtsha okanye ube ngumdlalo wokutyalo-mali okwethutyana, elinye ilizwi oza kuliva ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Isizathu salokhu silula- kwaye sibalulekile. Ukuchithwa kubalulekile ekunciphiseni umngcipheko. UJim Cramer, umkhosi weTV we-MadBC we-CNBC, uthi, "Ukuchithwa kweyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekutyala imali. Ingundoqo ekukhuseleni ilahleko ezinkulu kwaye uqiniseke ukuba unokuphefumula isiphepho. "
Ngoko ke ungayenza njani indlela eyahlukana ngayo iphothifoliyo yakho kwaye ingaba yinto engafanelekanga? Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlula iipotifoliyo zakho, kodwa khumbula ukuba naziphi na izigqibo ezinkulu zezimali kufuneka zenziwe ngomcebisi wezezimali okanye emva kokuba wenze umsebenzi omkhulu wesikolo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ukungafani kakhulu kunokuba kuhlalutye kwaye kuyindleko.
1. Ukhuseleko lokuSungulwa
Inqanaba eliphambili leentlobo ezahlukeneyo lokunqanda ukukhuseleko . Apha, umngcipheko uyancitshiswa ngokunyusa inani leempahla ezihlukeneyo kwipotfoliyo. Umbuzo omkhulu apha apha, ukuba zininzi kangakanani izitokethi okufanele uzinike ngazo ukuze ulungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba izinga lokwahlukahluka luyaqhubeka landa njengoko izitokhwe ezingaphezulu zongezwa kwipotfoliyo, kodwa kwinqanaba lokunciphisa. Ukufumana amasheya ambalwa kakhulu kunobungozi, kodwa ukuba neeninzi kakhulu kunokuhlaziywa. Inokuba yindleko kakhulu, kwaye kunzima ukuqhubeka kunye neendaba kunye nemali yeenkampani ezininzi.
Ukulungelelaniswa kwezokukhusela okulungileyo, kukulungele ukuthetha nenzululwazi malunga nokuba zininzi izitokethi kufuneka zibe kwipotfoliyo yakho. Umcebisi othembekileyo unokucebisa isicwangciso esiza kubonelela ngeenzuzo zokukhutshwa kwezokuphepha ngaphandle kokungena.
2. Uluhlu lweCandelo loLuntu
Ulwahlulo lwamacandelo lubaluleke kakhulu ukuqwalasela.
Amacandelo ayiqela elithile leemasheya ngaphakathi kwemarike ezoqoqosho. Ukuba nzima kakhulu kwicandelo elinye kungabangela nto ngaphandle kwentloko xa loo candelo lithatha kakhulu. Cinga ngongoma-mali we-2008. Ukutsho ukuba icandelo lezemali libethe kanzima kukugqithiswa. Nabani na onobuninzi beebhanki zamabhanki mhlawumbi babone umnatha wabo ufanele uhle kakhulu, ngobusuku.
Nalu uluhlu lwamacandelo aphezulu emakethi:
- Izixhobo
- Zothutho
- Te knoloji
- Umthengi
- Amashishini
- Isithambiso sabathengi
- Izixhobo
- Mali
- Amandla
- Izinto ezisisiseko
- Iinkonzo zoNxibelelwano
- Ukhathalelo lwempilo
Khumbula, amacandelo ngamashishini athengisa kwaye akhiqize iindwendwe ezahlukileyo, ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko zezoqoqosho. Utyalo-mali kuphela kumacandelo amancinci angakwandisa ukonakala (umngcipheko) weentlawulo.
3. Ushishino lweDiversification
Inqanaba elilandelayo lokuhlukahluka kwezohlukeneyo zoshishino . Kuphela mhlawumbi ukuba i-securities yabelana ngecandelo elinye, kodwa ayikho into ejoliswe kuyo. Masithathe iteknoloji njengomzekelo. Kukho iinkampani ezijolise ekwenzeni iikhompyutheni, ezinye ezenza izixhobo zeekhomputha, kunye nezinye ezenza isofthiwe. Kwaye oku akukhangeli ngokubanzi xa kufike kwi-teknoloji.
Kwiziko lezonyango, uya kufumana iinkampani ezivelisa amayeza, abanye abavelisa izixhobo zonyango kunye nabanye abasebenza ukufumana unyango lwezifo nokugula. Njengoko uyakubona, unokuluhlula ngokubanzi utyalo-mali lwakho kwicandelo elinikeziweyo.
4. Uphuhliso lweMali
Eli nqanaba elilandelayo lokunikwa kweemali zentengiso . Akungabazeki ukuba usetyenziselwa ukuva okanye ukufunda i-cap-cap, i-cap-cap, kunye ne-stock caps nsuku zonke. Njengoko kuhlaziywa, imali yenkcitho nje yintengo yenkampani yenkampani eyandiswe yinani lezabelo ezikhoyo. Ngokomzekelo, inkampani enexabiso lentengo li-$ 25 kunye nee-10,000,000 izabelo ezithengileyo zineemali zentengiso ye $ 250,000,000. Amanqanaba okubhalwa kwemali athatyathwa yinqwelo yabo yemarike:
- I-Cap Cap Large-stock large stocks inokusetyenziswa kwemali engaphezulu kwama-dollar ayi-500. Ezinye imizekelo ingaba yiGeneral Motors, iMicrosoft, kunye neCoca-Cola. Izitokisi ezinkulu ze-cap zingaphantsi komngcipheko ngaphezu kwesikhephe kunye ne-stock-caps, oku kuthetha ukuba bathambekele ekuveleni ubuncinci (ingcipheko encinci = ukubuyela ngaphantsi). Ixabiso leempahla ezinkulu zilandelwa ngamanqaku amabini amakhulu, i- Dow Jones Industrial Average and Standard & Poor's 500.
- I-Cap Mid Stocks -i-cap-cap-stocks isine -capitalism phakathi kweyure enye yezigidigidi. Amasheya ezinkampani kule candelo zinikezela abatyalo-mali ithuba lokutshala imali kwiinkampani ezidlulileyo kunezinye zazo, kodwa azinjalo njengezikhulu ezinkulu. I- S & P-400-Mid Cap Equity Index yindlela ebonakalayo efanelekileyo kwiimpahla zesikhokelo esilandelayo kunye ne-index-weighted index of 400 stocks.
- Amasheya amancinci amancinci-amashishini amancinci amancinci ngokuqhelekileyo amashishini amancinci, akhula ngokukhula kunye neentlawulo zee-dollar ezigidi. Amasheya amancinci amancinci ayaziwa ngokuba yiqela elikhuselekileyo lempahla, kodwa anikezela ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kukho iingqungquthela ezibini ezilandelela ezi ziko. Omnye nguRussell 2000 , olandelelana ngamasheya angama-2000 abonisa kuphela i-11% yemali yemali yemarike yase-US. Esinye isicatshulwa esincinci se- NASDAQ esaziwayo (uMbutho weSizwe weeNqwelisi zeMatriki eziThuthiweyo eziKhutshiwe), elineenkcukacha ezilinganiselweyo ezilinganisa ukusebenza kwee-securities securities.
5. Ulwahlulo lwamaGraphic
Ulwahlulo lwezohlukeneyo lwendawo lujongene nokuphuhlisa iiphothifoliyo eziqulethe izibini zamazwe ngamazwe kunye ne-US. Ixesha elidlulileyo lisibonisa ukuba iiphothifoliyo eziqulethe zombini kunye nezifuba zasekhaya zineengcipheko ezingaphantsi kobungozi obuphezulu kunabo abatyaliweyo kuphela kwelinye okanye kwelinye. Nangona kunjalo, kuthatha umtyalo-mali onobuchule ukuba abe nokhululekile ngokutshala imali kwiimpahla zehlabathi.
6. Utyalo loTyalo-mali
Utyalo lweendlela zokutshala imali yindlela onokulawula ngayo iphothifoliyo yakho, njengomntu-mali. Izityalo zokutshala imali zivame ukungena kunye nokukhangela kwintengiso, ngesinye isitayela esiphezulu kwesinye kwixesha elithile. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukukhetha isitala esithile kunokuba yingozi. Ngezantsi uzakufumana umboniso omfutshane kakhulu weendlela ezintathu eziphambili zokutyalomali:
- Ixabiso - le ndlela ifuna iinkampani ezibonakala zingabalulekanga ngorhwebo lwamanje
- Ukukhula - le ndlela ifuna ukuchonga iinkampani ezinokukhula ngokukhawuleza kuneemarike
- Inkcazo- le ndlela yindlela engathathi hlangothi, kwaye izama ukuphindaphinda i-index index
Khumbula, ukuhlukahluka kuyindlela ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko, kodwa ukungafani kakhulu kunokuba kuhlalutye kwaye kubize. Qinisekisa ukwenza yonke imisebenzi yakho yasekhaya kwaye uhlale uthintana nomcebisi wezezimali othembekileyo ngaphambi kokuba wenze izigqibo ezinkulu.
Ukubhengezwa: Le ngcaciso inikezelwa kuwe njengomthombo wolwazi kuphela. Kuhanjiswa ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa kweenjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela ngengozi okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu. Le ngcaciso ayijoliswanga, kwaye ayifanele, yenze isiseko esisisiseko saso nasiphi isigqibo sotyalo-mali ongayenza. Njalo qhagamshelana nomcebisi wakho wezomthetho, wezorhafu okanye utyalo-mali ngaphambi kokuba wenze nayiphi na ingxowa-mali / ityala / indawo / izicwangciso zezimali okanye izigqibo.