Inkcazo, iindlela zokuTyala, umzekelo kunye neengcaciso ze-MPT
I-Today's Portfolio Theory: MPT Inkcazo
I-Today's Portfolio Theory (MPT) yindlela yokutshala imali apho umtyalomali uzama ukuthatha inqanaba elincinci lomngcipheko wemarike ukuba athathe inzuzo ephezulu kumgangatho wepotfolio of investment. Nangona kunjalo, nangona kusetyenziswe kakhulu ngaphakathi kwishishini lezemali, kukho ukugxekwa kwangoku kunye nokwahlukana kwendlela yokuqwalasela phambi kokufaka isicelo se-MPT kwi-potifoliyo kunye neqhinga lakho lotyalo-mali.
Isicwangciso soTyalo-mali kunye noMzekelo we-MPT
Kwinqanaba lezofilosofi zokutyalomali, bonke abatyali-mali bangathanda ukufezekisa ukubuyiswa kwexesha elide kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthatha amanani amanqanaba athatyathwa kwexesha elifutshane. Kodwa oko kungenziwa njani? Impendulo emfutshane idibanisa . Ngokutsho kwe-MPT, umtyalo-mali unako ukubamba uhlobo oluthile lwe-asethi, i-fund fund, okanye ukhuseleko oluphezulu kumngcipheko ngamnye kodwa, xa kuhlanganiswe nezinye iintlobo zee-asethi okanye utyalo-mali, yonke iphothifoliyo inokulinganiswa ngendlela enobungozi ngaphantsi kwezinye zexabiso eliphantsi okanye utyalo-mali.
Ngokomzekelo, njengeklasi ye-asethi, amasheya aphezulu kakhulu kwimarike engaphezu kweebhondi. Nangona kunjalo, iphothifoliyo equkethe izitokhwe kunye nezibophelelo zingafezekisa ukubuyela ngokufanelekileyo kwinqanaba lomngcipheko. Kwinqanaba lokutyalomali, izitokhwe zangaphandle (i-stock yamazwe angaphandle) kunye namasheya amancinci amancinci ngokubanzi ziphezulu kunobungozi kunezikhokelo ezinkulu kodwa zonke ezi zintathu zinokudibanisa ukubuyiswa kwemali engaphezulu kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo, xa kuthelekiswa nomlinganiselo wokuba u-S & P 500 , ngaphezu kwexesha elide.
Umzekelo oqhelekileyo unokuba yili phothifoliyo ehambelanayo neentlobo zemali zentengiso:
I-40% yesitokhwe esikhulu (i-Index)
I-10% yesitokhwe encinane
15% yaseStock Exit
30% I-Bond yexesha eliphakathi
05% Imali-mali / iMarike yeMali
Abanini-mali abaninzi kunye nabacebisi-mali-mali baqesha uhlobo oluthile lwe-MPT isitya sokutshala-mali esibizwa ngokuba yi- Tactical Asset Allocation , esetyenziswa kwizinto ze-Today's Portfolio Theory.
Ngokunikezwa kweeActical Asset, umtyalo-mali unokusebenzisa iiklasi ze-asethi ezintathu eziphambili (amasheya, iibhonksi kunye nemali) kunye nokulungelelanisa ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokulungelelanisa ubunzima (iipesenti) zepottoliyo ngenjongo yokwandisa ukubuyiswa kwamatyala ephothifoliyo nokunciphisa umngcipheko xa kuthelekiswa nokulinganisa, njengesalathisi.
Ukugxeka kwe-MPT
Abanye abagxeki be-MPT baquka abatyali-mali abakhetha ukuhlalutya lobugcisa kunye nokuxhomekeka kwimizila kunye neengqondo zengqondo kunezinto ezilula zokuthenga nokubamba kwe-MPT. Ingxabano inokuthi ihlale isenziwa ukuba ukuqonda ukuziphatha nokunyaniseka kwexabiso kwiimarike, kwaye ngoko ke ukukwazi ukwenza izigqibo zokutsalwa kwexesha elifanelekileyo, kunokunceda umtyalo-mali ukuba angcono kunendlela efanelekileyo yokunikezelwa kwempahla. Nangona kunjalo, abatyali-mali abaninzi bayaphula kwixesha lemarike kwaye baninzi abanalo ixesha, ulwazi, okanye isimo sengqondo sokuphumelela kuyo. Ngoko ke abatyali-mali abaninzi banokuzuza kwi-MPT elandelayo, okanye ubuncinci badibanisa iingcamango zayo ezibalulekileyo kwiindlela zokwabiwa kwempahla.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.