Ngaba uthanda ukuhlalutya nokuphanda idatha okanye ukhetha indlela "yokubeka-kwaye-uyilibale"? Ngaba uthanda ukubandakanyeka kwiinkqubo okanye ukhetha ukutshala imbewu kwaye ubukele izinto zikhule kude? Ingaba ithatha inhlanhla okanye ubuchule (okanye zombini) ukugqithisa ngaphezulu iindleko zemarike ezinkulu?
Ngaba uyazifumana uvuyisayo malunga neenzuzo kodwa ukhathazeke ngelahleko? Ngaba uyenzile-okanye ufanele uzive ungcono usebenzisa umcebisi?
Le mibuzo ibalulekile ukuzibuza ngaphambi kokuya kwisitala-mali okanye ngaphambi kokuba uzame enye ngobukhulu, ngoko kuthetha. Nanku uluhlu olusisiseko kunye nohlu lokutshekisha kwindlela yokutshala imali, amaqhinga, kunye neendlela zokwenza umsebenzi wakho wesikolo okanye ukuphononongwa ngaphambi, ngexesha nangemva kokuba utyalomali.
Ngaba uzenzele okanye uzuze umcebisi?
Ingaba uyenzela wena okanye ukhethe ingcali yeengcebiso zezezimali, ukhetha umcebisi. Qalisa inkqubo yesigqibo sokuqesha umcebisi ngokubuza imibuzo embalwa yokucinga: Ukuba umhlobo ufuna umcebisi, ngaba unokukucebisa? Ngaba ufuna ukuqesha wena njengomcebisi okanye kufuneka uqeshe omnye umntu? Iyiphi ixabiso lexesha lakho lifaniswa neendleko zemali zokusebenzisa umcebisi? Ngaba uyayivuyela inkqubo yophando lotyalo-mali kunye nocwangciso lwezemali okanye ukwesaba ukwenza loo nto ungayinaki imali yakho?
I-Passive (Index Funds) ne-Investment Active
Ukuba ungumtyalo-mali weengxowa-mali, ungumntu ongakholelwa ukuba ixesha elongezelelweyo, iindleko kunye nokuthengiswa kweendleko ezifunekayo kwipotfoliyo elawulwa ngokuzimeleyo kulungele umzamo wokwenza ngaphandle kwemarike. Unokwenza ukholelwe ukuba imbono "yokubetha imarike" iyisilumko kwaye uya kufikelela kwimbuyekezo ephezulu kunye nesicwangciso sokuthenga kunye nokubamba .
Ngokwahlukileyo, umntu othabatha indlela esebenzayo ukholelwa ukuba angenza amaqhinga kwaye afike ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukufezekisa ukubuyiswa okuphezulu.
Amasheya kunye neeMali eziManyeneyo: Yiyiphi eyona nto ihamba phambili?
Umtyalo-mali unokuthenga iimpahla zenkampani okanye athenge amasheya ngokuthenga i-stock funds. Kodwa ngubani owona mhle? Nazi zizathu ezimbalwa zokuba kutheni iimali zentsebenziswano zihle kakhulu kumtyalo-mali oqhelekileyo:
Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba izitokethi zithengela phantsi ngaphantsi kokuba zizithenge kwaye zingaphumele emva kokuba zithengise. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubangelwa ukuba abangaphezu kwama-75% kubo bonke abahwebi ngamaziko, oko kuthetha ukuba abantu baphakanyisana nokuncintisana okunamandla.
Phantse kubini kweyesithathu kubaphathi abaxhasi-mali abalawulwa ngabasebenzi abahlulekayo ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo i-stock index, njengeS & P 500, ngaphezu kwexesha elide, njengeminyaka eyi-10 okanye-15. Ukuba i-pros ayinakuyenza, yintoni eyenza umntu acinge ukuba angaba yi-index? Unokuba usenokubetha inzuzo, kodwa uya kufuneka wenze umsebenzi wakho wesikolo.
I-Mutual Funds okanye i-ETF?
Akunakuba nayiphi na / okanye umbuzo kodwa kunomnye wesimboli kunye nempahla. Zombili iimali kunye kunye nee-ETs zifezekisa injongo yokungafani ngokubambisa inani elikhulu lokubambisa okanye kwicandelo elithile likarashishini okanye ummandla wendawo kwindawo yokhuseleko olulodwa.
Nangona kunjalo, ii-ETF zirhweba njengezikhokelo (zingathengwa okanye zithengiswe ngemini, kunokuba zibe yi- NAV ekupheleni kosuku lokuthengisa) kodwa nazo zenze iindleko zorhwebo. Abanye abatyalo-mali bathetha ukuhlanganiswa kweemali kunye kunye ne-ETF, ngokukodwa ngeendlela zokwabiwa kweefa .
Kutheni kuTyala kwi-Index Index?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokubangela ukuba ungacinga ukusebenzisa i-index index, kodwa ezimbalwa kwezi zizathu zingabandakanya ulawulo olungapheliyo, iindleko eziphantsi, ukulungiswa kweerhafu, amaxabiso aphantsi, ukulula, kunye nohlu oluqhubekayo.
Iyintoni Inzuzo Yokutshala imali?
Ngendlela elula, utyalo-mali ukhangele iifowuni ezithengisayo kwi "isaphulelo"; bafuna ukufumana ingxoxo. Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokufumana ukufikelela kwiimpahla zentengo kukuthenga i-fund eyodwa kunye nenjongo yexabiso. Kunokuba sichithe ixesha lokukhangela iibhanki zexabiso kwaye uhlaziye iingxelo zemali zenkampani, umtyalo-mali ohlangeneyo unokuthenga iimali zenkcazo; I-Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) okanye iimali ezilawulwa ngokusebenzayo ezinobuncwane bempahla.
Yintoni ukuTyala imali?
Njengoko igama libonisa ukuba, ukugcina izitshixo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenza okusemgangathweni kwizigaba ezivuthiweyo zomjikelo wemakethi xa uqoqosho lukhula ngezinga elifanelekileyo. Isicwangciso sokukhula sibonisa ukuba ziphi iinkampani, abathengi, kunye nabatyalomali bonke benza ngokufanayo kwimpuco enempilo - ekufuneni ukukhula okuzayo kunye nokuchitha imali eninzi yokwenza. Kwakhona, iinkampani zeteknoloji ziyimimiselo emihle apha. Zihlala zixabisekileyo kodwa ziyakwazi ukuqhubeka zikhula ngaphaya kwezo zixabiso xa imeko ilungile.
Yintoni Ukukhula & Imali?
Ukukhula kunye nenjongo yengeniso yintlangano yamacandelo amabini-ukukhula okukodwa kunye nenxalenye enye yengeniso. Ulwabiwo lwemali yentsebenziswano yeempahla, umzekelo, ubambe iintengiso zeenkampani ezilindeleke ukuba zikhule ngokukhawuleza ngokumalunga ne-stock market. Iimali zemivuzo zifuna ukubonelela umtyalo-mali umthombo wembuyekezo ngenzuzo. Iimali zengxowa-mali zentengo zifana kwaye zihlala ziguquguqukayo ngentsingiselo ne-Value Funds, ezithatyathele ngokuyinhloko kwiimpahla ezityalwa ngumtyalo-zimali ezithengisa ngexabiso elingaphantsi ngokumalunga nemali okanye imali yamanyathelo.
Ixabiso kunye ne-Growth vs. Index
Ixabiso kunye nompikiswano wokukhula udala njengoko utyalo-mali. Yiyiphi eyona nto ibalulekileyo, ixabiso okanye ukukhula? Lilixesha elihle lokutshala imali kwiimpahla zengxowa-mali zakwa-stock? Lilixesha elihle lokutshala imali kwiimali zengxowa-mali zobudlelwane? Ngaba kukho indlela efanelekileyo yokulinganisela kokubaluleka kunye nokukhula kwenkxaso enye? Yintoni eyenzekayo kwingxoxo xa sifaka imali yenkcazo kumlinganiselo?
Yintoni Eyithengayo Nokubamba?
Ukuthenga nokugcina abatyalomali bakholelwa ukuba "ixesha kwiimarike" yindlela ekhethekileyo yokutyalo-mali "kunexesha lokuthengisa." Esi sicwangciso sisetyenziswe ngokuthenga iziqinisekiso zobutyalo-mali nokuzibamba ixesha elide ngenxa yokuba umtyalo-mali ukholelwa ukuba ukubuya kwexesha elide kunokuba kunengqiqo nangona kubonakaliswa kwexesha elifutshane. Esi sicwangciso sichasene nexesha elifanelekileyo leemarike, ngokuqhelekileyo kunomthengi ukuthenga nokuthengisa ixesha elifutshane kunye nenjongo yokuthenga ngamaxabiso aphantsi nokuthengisa kumaxabiso aphezulu.
Umtyalo-mali-intengiso uya kuthetha ukuba ukubamba ixesha elide kudinga ukuthengwa rhoqo kunamanye amaqhinga. Ngoko ke iindleko zokurhweba ziyancishiswa, eziza kukhulisa i-net net return of portfolio.
Uhlalutyo oluphambili?
Uhlalutyo oluphambili luhlobo lweqhinga lokutyalo-mali olubandakanya ukuhlalutya izitatimende zezimali ngenjongo yokukhetha iifowuni eziphezulu. Iinkcukacha ezivela kwiitatimenti zezimali zisetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa nedatha edlulileyo nekhoyo yoshishino oluthile okanye namanye amashishini ngaphakathi kwishishini. Ngokuhlalutya idatha, umtyalo-mali unokufika kwisiqingatha esilinganiselweyo (intengo) yesitokethi senkampani ethile kwaye anqume ukuba isitokhe sithengwa kakuhle okanye cha.
Yintoni Uhlalutyo lobuGcisa?
Abatyalomali abasebenzisa uhlalutyo lobugcisa (abahwebi bezobugcisa) bavame ukusebenzisa iitshathi ukuqonda iipateni zamanani zamvanje kunye neendlela ezikhoyo zamashishini ngenjongo yokubikezela iipatheni kunye neendlela ezizayo. Ngamagama ahlukeneyo, kukho iipateni ezithile kunye neendlela eziza kunika umthengisi wezobugcisa ezithile iimpawu okanye iimpawu, ezibizwa ngokuba zizibonakaliso, malunga nokuhamba kweemarike ezizayo. Umzekelo, ezinye iipateni zinikezwa amagama achazayo, afana ne "intloko namagxa" okanye " indebe nokuphatha. " Xa aba ba patters baqala ukuma kwaye baqatshelwa, umthengisi wezobugcisa angenza izigqibo zokutsalwa kwezimali ngokusekelwe kwisiphumo esilindelekileyo sephethini okanye uhambo.
Ulwabiwo lweeActical Whatsset?
Ulwabiwo lwee-asethi zobutyebi ludibaniso lweendlela ezininzi ezidlulileyo apha. Isitayela sokutyalomali apho iiklasi ze-asethi ezintathu eziphambili (amasheya, iibhonksi kunye nemali) zilungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zihlengahlengiswa ngumtyalomali ngenjongo yokwandisa ukubuyisela iifotfolio kunye nokunciphisa ingozi xa kuthelekiswa nokulinganisa, njengoluhlu. Isitayela sokutyalomali sehluke kwizohlalutyo lobugcisa kunye nohlalutyo oluphambili ekugxininiseni ngokukodwa kwi-asethi eyabelwe kwaye okwesibini ukhetho lokutshala imali. Lo mbono omkhulu mfanekiso unesizathu esihle, ubuncinane kumbono wotyalo-mali okhetha ukwabiwa kwempahla, kunye nento ethiwa yi- Today's Portfolio Theory , echaza ngokucacileyo ukuba ulwabiwo lweempahla luba nefuthe elikhulu kwiimbuyekezo zeepotfoliyo kunye nomngcipheko wemarike kunokuba ukhetho lomntu ngamnye .
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.