Indlela uRhulumente asebenzisa ngayo kwaye asebenzise kakubi umgaqo-nkqubo wezeMali
Zixhobo
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali onokuqonda usebenzisa izixhobo ezimbini. Yiyo inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo - mali kunye nekhowudi yentlawulo. Isixhobo sokuqala siyinxalenye ecacileyo yebhajethi yase - US . ICongress inquma olu hlobo lwenkcitho kunye nolwabiwo-mali ngamnye ngonyaka. Inkulu kakhulu ibhajethi yemali .
Wonke amanye amasebe aseburhulumenteni ayingxenye yenkcitho yokuqonda.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luqulethe kunye nemali efanelekileyo . Oku kubandakanya iintlawulo kwi-Social Security, i-Medicare, iMedicaid, i- Obamacare kunye neentlawulo zenzalo kwi-ityala likazwelonke. ICongress iyalela le nkqubo. Ziyimithetho yomhlaba. ICongress kufuneka ivote ukulungiswa okanye ukurhoxisa umthetho ochaphazelekayo ukutshintsha ezi nkqubo. Ngoko ke, utshintsho kwibhajethi efunekayo lunzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, akusikho isixhobo somgaqo-nkqubo wezemali.
Isixhobo sesibini yikhowudi yentlawulo. Iquka irhafu kwimali yabasebenzi, inzuzo yenkampani, ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kunye nezinye iirhafu ze-excise. ICongress kuphela inegunya lokutshintsha ikhowudi yentlawulo. Inkqubela yeCongress kwikhowudi yentlawulo kufuneka yenziwe ngokumisela imithetho emitsha. Le mithetho kufuneka idluliselwe yi- Senate kunye neNdlu yabameli . Kodwa umongameli unamandla okutshintsha indlela imithetho yentlawulo ephunyezwa ngayo.
Unako ukuthumela imiyalelo kwi-Internal Revenue Service ukulungelelanisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho nemimiselo.
Iintlobo
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali. Iyokuqala ngumgaqo- mali wezemali . Kuloo nto xa urhulumente wezemfundo ukwandisa ukuchitha okanye ukunciphisa irhafu. Xa ukusetyenziswa kwemali kwanda, kudala imisebenzi.
Kwenzeka ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkqubo zengqesho zoluntu okanye ngokungachanekanga ngeekontraki. Ukuchitha kwizakhiwo zoluntu zomsebenzi yenye yeendlela ezine ezisemgangathweni zokudala imisebenzi .
Ukudalwa kweYobhi kunika abantu imali engakumbi yokuchitha, ukunyusa imfuno . Ngokomxholo wezoqoqosho weCnesien , okwandisa ukukhula koqoqosho .
Xa urhulumente ehlawula intela, ibeka imali ngqo kwiipokethi zezoshishino kunye neentsapho. Unemali engaphezulu yokuchitha. Oku kukhulisa umfuno kwaye kuqhuba ukukhula. Xa ukuchitha kunye neentlawulo zerhafu zenziwa ngexesha elifanayo, libeka i-pedal kwisinyithi. Yingakho uMthetho woThutho lwezoQoqosho ophelile ukuBuleka kweMali kwiinyanga ezimbalwa nje. Yasebenzisa udibaniso lwemisebenzi kawonkewonke, ukunyuswa kweerhafu, kunye neenzuzo zokungabikho kwemisebenzi ukugcina okanye ukudala imisebenzi engama-640,000 phakathi koMatshi no-Oktobha 2009. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba iingeniso zokungabikho kwemisebenzi ziyiyona nto ivuselelekileyo .
Uqoqosho lwezondlo-mali luthi i-tax cut cut is the best ways to stimulate the economy. Ukwanda koqoqosho oluzinzileyo kuya kwenziwa ukuba i- revenue revenue is lost. Kungenxa yokuba livelisa isiseko esikhulu sentela. Kodwa ukunyuka kweerhafu kusebenza kuphela ukuba iirhafu ziphakamileyo kwindawo yokuqala. Ngokomgaqo-siseko wezomnotho, i- Laffer Curve , isantya esithe santlawulo esona siphezulu kufuneka sibe ngaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini ukwenzela ukuba uqoqosho lwezoqoqosho lufumaneke.
Ukunciphisa irhafu akuyona indlela efanelekileyo yokudala imisebenzi .
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo ukwenza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali . Le yenye yezinto eziphantsi kwayo. Kungenxa yokuba urhulumente uchitha ngaphezu kokufumana irhafu. Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho sihlwayo de ukufikelela kwe-debt-to-GDP kufikelela kuma-100 ekhulwini. Ngelo xesha, abatyali-zimali baqala ukuxhalabisa urhulumente akayi kubuyiselwa ityala laso. Abayi kuba bafuna ukuthenga i- US Treasury okanye enye ityala elibukhali. Baya kufuna iirhafu eziphezulu. Oku kwenza ukuba ityala libize ngakumbi ukuhlawula. Inokudala ukuhla. Umzekelo, jonga kwi-crisis yeGrike yesiGrike.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali olwahlukileyo xa urhulumente echitha ukuchitha okanye ukuphakamisa irhafu. Iphucotha ukukhula koqoqosho. Ukuchithwa kwemali kuthetha ukuba imali encinci iya kwiikontraka zikaRhulumente nabasebenzi. Oko kuyanciphisa ukukhula komsebenzi.
Xa iCongress iphakamisa irhafu, iyancipha ukukhula. Iirhafu eziphezulu ziyanciphisa inani lemali engenayo efumanekayo ekhoyo kwiintsapho okanye ishishini lokuchitha. Linciphisa umfuno kwaye linciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali onokuzikhethela kufuneka usebenze njengento engqinelaniyo nomjikelezo wezoshishino . Ngethuba lesigaba sokwandisa, iCongress kunye nomongameli kufuneka banqume imali kunye neeprogram zokuphucula umnotho. Ukuba kwenziwe kakuhle, umvuzo ulungelelaniso lokukhula koqoqosho oluphakathi kwimizuzu emibini ukuya kweyesithathu ngonyaka.
Kunoko, izapolitiki zihlala zichitha kunye nokuhlawula iirhafu kungakhathaliseki ukuba sisiphi isiqhelo sokujikeleza . Ukuba bayakwenza ngexesha lebhola , ligqithisa uqoqosho kwaye ludale ubumbano lwe- asethi , kwaye lukhokelela kumkhonto owonakalisayo. Esinye sezizathu zeengxaki zemali ka-2008 .
Ngelishwa, idemokhrasi ngokwayo iqinisekisa umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba abameli bayonyulwa, baphinde banyulwe ngokusebenzisa imali nokunciphisa irhafu. Yileyo ndlela abavuza ngayo abavoti, amaqela anomdla okhethekileyo kunye nabo banikela ekukhankaseni. Wonke umntu uthi bafuna ukubona uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, nje kuphela isabelo sabo sebhajethi.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezeNkcazo weNkcazo ngokuBambisana noMgaqo-mali weMali
Kulo lifanelekileyo, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali onokuqonda kufuneka usebenze ngokuhambelana nomgaqo-mali owenziwe ngu- Federal Reserve . Ukuba uqoqosho lukhula ngokukhawuleza, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ungasebenzisa iibherki ngokukhupha irhafu okanye ukunciphisa imali. Ngelo xesha, i-Fed kufuneka yenze umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ochaseneyo . Yenza oku ngokuphakamisa izinga lokuxhaswa kwemali okanye ngemisebenzi yalo yemarike evulekileyo.
Ukuba uqoqosho lusemgangathweni , umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ongaqondakali unokunciphisa irhafu kunye nokwandisa imali xa i-Fed ithintela umgaqo-mali wemali . Kuya kwenziwa ngokunciphisa isantya semali esondliwe okanye ngokunciphisa ukulinganiswa kwemali . I- Federal Reserve yadala ezinye izixhobo ezininzi zokulwa nokuLungulwa OkuMkhulu. Xa sisebenzisana kunye, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kunye nolawulo lwemali ujikeleze umjikelo.
Ukususela kuma-1990, iipolitiki ziye zenza umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ophantsi kungakhathaliseki ukuba. Oko kuthetha ukuba kufikelela kwi-Fed kuphela ukulawula umjikelezo wezoshishino. Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo ongenakunqwenelekayo uFed usebenzise umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali olwaphulayo njengoko uphula xa uqoqosho lukhula. Ixabiso lentlawulo ephezulu liyanciphisa i- capital and liquidity, ngokukodwa kumashishini amancinci nakwiimakethe zendlu. Okubambene ngezandla ze-Fed, ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwayo.