Ukusebenza ngokuBalulekileyo KuyiNtloko yePortfolio kwithuba elide
Kwipesenti engabalulekanga yabatyalomali, ngaba malunga nesimo sengqondo kunye nesenzo sengqondo. Nangona iinjongo zabo ezilungileyo, zingenakungabaza, iintshaba zabo ezimbi kakhulu , ukutshabalalisa ubutyebi ngokusebenzisa izigqibo ezincinci kunye nokuphendula okusekelwe kwintlungu kunoko.
Ndiyakholelwa ukuba izinto ezithile zinokunceda umtyalo-mali ukuba aqonde kakuhle injongo kunye nobume benkqubo yokwabiwa kwemali. Nangona ezi zicebisi zingenakuqinisekisa iziphumo, ithemba lam kukuba ngokugqamisa nokuxoxa ngezinye iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye neephosiso ezinganakukhathala, kuya kuba lula ukuba uzibonise kwihlabathi lenene.
Gwema ukutshala imali kwiinto zonke ongaziqondiyo
Abantu babonakala belibale le nyaniso eyisiseko ukuba abayikhunjuzwa. Ndikhetha ukuyichitha phantsi kwiincwadana ezinokuthi zinokukusebenza kakuhle xa uzigcina emqondweni wakho.
- Akufanele utyalomali kulo naliphi na utyalomali oluthile. Ungavumi ukuba nabani na onokuqiniseka. Imali yakho. Awunalo kuphela amandla okuthetha ngoku, kodwa unelungelo lokwenza njalo, nokuba ungeke ukwazi ukuchaza ukucinga kwakho.
- Uninzi lwa mathuba luya kubomi. Ungavumeli ukwesaba kokulahleka kukubangela ukuba wenze izinto zobuwula.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu olawula imali yakho akakwazi ukuchaza isicatshulwa esisisiseko sotyalo-mali - phi na indlela imali eveliswa ngayo, ingaba uhlawula phi loo mali yekheshi, kwaye njani ukuba imali leyo ekugqibeleni iya kufumana indlela yayo yokubuyela kuyo ephaketheni lakho - ke awuyi kutyalomali. Ucinga. Inokusebenza ngaphandle kwakho, kodwa ngumdlalo onobungozi obhetele ngaphambili okanye, ubuncinci, ukhawulelwe kwingxenye encinci, inxalenye ekhethiweyo yepotfolio yakho engabandakanyi ukusetyenziswa kwemida .
Ininzi enkulu yentlungu kunye nokuxhatshazwa kunokuphetshwa xa ezi zinto ziseko ezintathu zihlonishwa. Musa ukuzigxotha ngenxa yokuba zivakala njengengqiqo. Njengoko iVoltaire ngokuchanekileyo kwaye yabona ngokuchanekileyo, "Ukuqonda ngokuqhelekileyo akuqhelekanga."
Qonda ixabiso leNtengiso kunye nexabiso lokungena kwi-intrinsic
Khawucinge ukuba uthenge isakhiwo seofisi eMidwest, uhlawula imali ngaphandle kwetyala lokubolekisa impahla. Ixabiso lakho lokufumana liyi $ 1 yezigidi. Isakhiwo sisendaweni enkulu. Abaqeshi banamandla kwaye bavalelwe kwiingqeshiso zangexesha elide kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ukuhlolwa kwerenti kuqhubeka kuhamba iminyaka emininzi. Uqokelela i-$ 100,000 ngonyaka ngemali yokuphuma kwemali kwisakhiwo emva kokuba uhlanganise izinto ezifana nentlawulo, ukugcinwa kunye nenkcitho yenkcitho eninzi.
Ngomhla emva kokuba uthenge isakhiwo, imboni yasebhanki iyawa. Abatyalomali abanako ukufumana izandla zabo kwiimali-mboleko zentengiso, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ixabiso lepropati lixinezelekile. Ngonyaka olandelayo, izakhiwo ezithengiswa nge-$ 1 yezigidi ngoku ziya ku-600,000 kuphela kuphela kuba abantu bodwa abanako ukukwazi ukufumana iimpahla kuba bathengi bemali.
Akungabazeki kule meko ukuba ukuba uzama ukuyithengisa, ixabiso lentengo yepropati yakho iya kuba ngaphantsi kwexabiso olihlawule ngalo.
Unokufumana i-$ 600,000 kufuneka ulahlwe kwiimarike ezivulekileyo. Unako ukufumana ixabiso elincinci kangcono xa unako kwaye uzimisele ukuqhuba imali yokuthenga ngemali eyithengiweyo ngasese apho usebenza khona njengebhanki kumthengi, ogcina uhlawulela inxalenye yengeniso yerenti ngendlela yemfuno kwinqaku lokuthengisela imali emva kokuba uthengise isakhiwo apho uhlala khona. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unako ukukhupha ixabiso lentengiso kwi-real estate investment yakho, uya kuba phantsi ngendlela ephawulekayo kwiphepha. Kuya kuba buhlungu.
Kubaxhasi-mali bexesha elide, oku akunakucacisa ngokwenene kuba abatyala-mali abanamagama ngamazwi kaBenjamin Graham , uyise oyingqalileyo wexabiso lokutyalomali, abatyala-mali abayinyani baqeshwe ukuba bathengise impahla yabo. Esikhundleni salokho, baqhuba imali yabo ngokufanelekileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba banokuhlala phantsi koxinzelelo oludityanisiweyo kwiminyaka ngexesha, beyazi ukuba bafumana ixabiso elifanelekileyo lokubuyisela xa lilinganiswa njengokuba ukuhamba kwemali ekwabo malunga nexabiso abaye bahlawula ngenxa yobunini bawo .
Kule meko, ingaba isakhiwo sakho singathatha i-$ 600,000 okanye nayiphina inombolo kwintengiso ayifanelekanga xa kuthelekiswa nenyaniso uqokelela i-$ 100,000 kwi-flow of cash free from your ownership. Yiyo injini yezoqoqosho. Lo ngumthombo wexabiso lokwenyaniso okanye elingaphakathi. UGraham uthetha ngobudenge bokuba nomsindo kwiimeko ezinjengalezi kuba kufikeleleke kukuvumela ukuba uxinezeleke ngeemeko zabanye abantu kwiimgwebo. Okokuthi, akufanele ukhangele kwixabiso lemarike ukukwazisa ngokubaluleka kwangaphakathi kwepropati yakho. Kufuneka ukwazi ukubaluleka kwangaphakathi kwepropati yakho kwaye ukwazi ukukhusela ukubala kwayo usebenzisa ngokulinganisela-ukuqikelelwa, izibalo eziphambili. Cinga ngexabiso lemarike njengento onokuyisebenzisa xa ukhetha - akukho nto, akukho nto.
Le ngcamango iyanciniseka kwiiklasi ezininzi zee-asethi . Ukuba unobunini bebunikazi kwishishini elimnandi kunye neenzuzo ezinkulu kwi-capital , isikhundla esinomgangatho okhuphisanayo owenza kube nzima ukungazibandakanyi kwicandelo elinikezelweyo okanye kumashishini , kunye nebhodi labalawuli abanomdla-abanomdla , akufanele kukubange naluphi na uxinzelelo oluthile lokubukela i-holdings yakho yehla ngamaphesenti ama-50 okanye ngaphezulu kwiphepha.
Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa ukuba inembali yokukuvuza ngokucwangcisa ngokuhlawula okulungileyo kunye nokwahlula okufanelekileyo , kwaye uhlawule ixabiso elifanelekileyo malunga nesabelo sengeniso - okanye abatsha-mali abaphambili abajwayelene nokuphendula kunye uhlawulelo lwemali, "ukulungelelaniswa kwemali yokuhamba ngokukhululeka kubalwe xa kuhlolwa iinkampani zokusebenza, ndiyazi ukuba ndiphinda ndiphindaphindiwe oku, kodwa kufuneka uwenze ngaphakathi ukuba ufuna ukuphepha ukutshabalalisa ubutyebi bakho ngokuthengisa ngobuqili imveliso ephakamileyo, yintoni ephantse iphelelwe nguloyiko lokwesaba.
Funda ukucinga ngeMigangatho yexabiso elikhoyo elikhoyo
Idoli yase-US ayiyona idola yase-US kuphela, kwaye i-franc franc ayiyona nje i-franc franc. Ndiyichazile le ngcamango kwiminyaka kumanqaku athile, kubandakanywa nabambalwa abancinci:
- Uchitha imali yezigidi ezili-1 Ngexesha: Isifundo kwixabiso lexesha leMali
- Ixabiso lexesha leMimiselo yeMali: Indlela yokubala ixabiso lexesha elizayo nelikhoyo leSump Sum
- Ukuhlawula ixabiso lemali, Gxininisa kwiMpahla engeyona iDolari: Yiloo nto ongayenza ngayo ngemali yakho
Kususela kwimibono yakho njengomtyalo-mali, amandla okuthenga ngokuthe ngqo ayenzayo. Musa ukuwela kumgibe wokucinga ngokwemali yokuqhafaza, ingozi yodoloji owaziwayo u-Irving Fisher ochazwe kwi-1928 yakhe yobuciko, iMoney Illusion .
Ukuba unayo i-bill ye-$ 100 ephaketheni lakho namhlanje, ixabiso lelo luntlawulo ye-$ 100 lixhomekeka kwiinkalo ezininzi. Ukuba unelinye ixesha elide kwaye unokufumana iirhafu zokubuyisela, ukuhlanganiswa kungasebenzisa umlingo kwaye uguqule ube yi-$ 10,000. Ukuba awuyidlanga ngeentsuku ezimbini, ukusetyenziswa kweemali ezizayo kungenakwenzeka ukuba kuthelekiswa nethuba lokusebenzisa le mali ngoku. Ukutshala imali ngokuphumelelayo kukukhetha ukhetho. Cwangcisa yakho imali kwaye wenze utyalo lweendlela ngale ndlela. Imali yinto-oko konke. Ukukhumbula oku kunokukunceda ukuba uphephe impazamo yokuba amadoda amaninzi, amabhinqa kunye neentsapho zenza, ukubingelela iminqweno yabo yexesha elide elifunayo ixesha elifutshane elifunayo.
Ukunyamekela Imirhumo, iindleko kunye nemigomo
Izinto ezincinci, ngokukodwa emva kwexesha ngenxa yemikhosi yokudibanisa esiye saxoxa ngayo. Kukho zonke iintlobo zobuchule ongazisebenzisayo ukugcina imali yakho eyimali enzima ephaketheni lakho, kubandakanywa nezinto ezifana nokubeka i-asethi. Cinga ngomtyalo-mali ongenako-mali ongekho phantsi kwee-bhanti zikamasipala kwiibhanki zokurhweba ezirhafuweyo kunye nezibophelelo zenkampani kwiindawo zokuhlala zentela ezifana neRoth IRA . Uyazi ukuba ungayisebenzisa njani into ehambelana nemiphumo emihle, njengokubamba imali engenawo umrhumo xa umqeshi wakho ehambisana neminikelo yakho kwi- 401 (k) okanye 403 (b) isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi. Kuxabisa ixesha lakho nomgudu wokuzifumanisa. Ngama-tweaks amancinci kuphela, ngokukhawuleza kwangoko kwinkqubo ehlanganisayo, unokufumana ithuba lokutshintsha iirhafu zakho ezinokubakho. Zimbalwa izinto ebomini zixabisa ixesha lakho.
Qinisekisa ukuba ulinganisa ixabiso lento oyifumanayo ngeendleko. Ndabona abaninzi abanomdla-mali abangenamava ngokugxininisa kwizinto ezinjengeemali zokulinganisela kunye neendleko zokulawula ukukhutshwa kwayo yonke into. Ekugqibeleni bayazibiza kakhulu kwizinto ezinjengeempazamo zerhafu ezingenalumfama okanye ukunyanzeliswa kwengozi ebangela ukuba ii-akhawunti zabo zifake izicelo.
Umzekelo endikuthanda ukuwusebenzisa kukulawulwa kweemali zetrust . Thatha iVanguard, umzekelo. Ngelo xesha ndibhale eli nqaku, isebe lethemba likaVanguard liza kuqhuba oko kufikelela kwisikhwama esithembekileyo kwi-$ 500,000 - akukho nto inzima, i-vanilla nje. Ngeke ufumane iziqinisekiso zobuntu kodwa uya kuba ngumnikazi weemali ezifanayo zomntu wonke umntu onayo. Ayikho ininzi yokucwangcisa ukuguquguquka kwezinto, - kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezikhethiweyo ezenziwe kwinkqubo yokwabiwa kweempahla - zibalelwa kuyo yonke into ebonakalayo ebonakalayo phakathi kwe-1.5 ne-1.6 ekhulwini ngonyaka xa ubala izinto ezifana neerhafu kunye neentlawulo zolawulo.
Le ngxaki enhle yinto oya kuyo. Ndibukele abantu batshabalalisa amafa anesithandathu kunye nesikhombisa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba unakho ukukhenkceza, zonke ezo ziyakunqandwa ukuba imali ivalwe kwithemba kwaye umniki-mali uzimisele ukuhlawula iifizi. Ngamanye amagama, umnini-mali unikwe ingqwalasela engakumbi kwizinto ezingabalulekanga-oko kukuzama ukuhlawula i-0.05 yeepesenti kwiimirhumo ngamnye ngonyaka ngokwenza oko ngokwakhe kunokuba ube ngu-1.5 kuya kwe-1.6 ekhulwini ngokukhupha omnye umntu. Thelekisa oko kwinto efanelekileyo ngakumbi: ukuzinza kwengqondo kunye nobuchule bemali yomxhamli. Oku kubalulekile. Iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali ayikho kwincwadi. Ihlabathi lenene liyingozi kwaye abantu banzima.
Ungalokothi Ucinge Ngomsebenzi Wodwa Ngaphandle Kokufaka Ingozi Ekuboniseni
Njengabashishini abaninzi, ndicinga ngengozi kakhulu. Isimo sam sinomxube ongaqhelekanga wokubala okuqhubekayo okuxubene kunye nethemba. Xa mna nomyeni wam siqalise inkampani yethu yokubonga i-jacket ibhondi ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, silungiselele ngokucwangcisekileyo isakhiwo seendleko ngendlela esayinayo phantsi kweyiphi na imeko. Xa kuqaliswe inkampani yethu yokulawula i-asethi yehlabathi njengabantu abanamathele kunye nabaphezulu abanamalungelo abantu, iintsapho kunye namaziko afuna ukutshala imali kunye nathi, saqinisekisa ukuba iFomu ye-ADV evezwayo iqulethe iingxoxo malunga nezinye zeengozi.
Ingumqondiso onobungozi obukhulu xa abatshali-mali beqala ukuthetha ngeentlawulo zabo "ezinkulu" ngaphandle kokuxubusha indlela ezo zibuyiselwe ngayo. Ubungozi obunobungozi obuye wabonakalisa umthamo wakho, ungalingani ngokungahambisani nokunyaniseka kwimali-mboleko yemarike kodwa kwintengo ehlawulwa ngokumalunga nokuxabisa kwangaphakathi kunye nokulungiswa kwimeko yokutshabalalisa, yinto eyimfihlo yokwakha ubutyebi kwixesha elide. Omnye wabalimi abadumileyo embali bathanda ukubonisa ukuba akukho nto ibuyile ngayo - ukuba kukho enye "zero" ekuphindaphindiweyo, ulahlekelwa yinto yonke. Oku akunyanzelekanga kuphela ekulawuleni utyalo-mali kwipotfoliyo yakho, kodwa ekulawulweni kokusebenza kweenkampani zonke. Ukunyanzeliswa kwe-AIG, eyayiyinye yeziko lezemali ezinamandla kakhulu zehlabathi kunye nezona zininzi ezihloniphekileyo zesikhwama se-blue chip , isifundo esithile esiphelele ukuba ngamnye umtyalo-mali omele enze.
Ngokomntu, ndinoluvo lokuba le nto ingashenxiswa kule miyalelo elandelayo:
- Bhatala utyalo-mali lwakho, ngokugcwele kunye nemali.
- Yithenga kuphela izitokisi okanye iibhondi oya kuvuyayo ukuba ube ngowakho kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo ukuba imarike yemasheya ivaliwe kwaye awukwazi ukufumana ukulinganiswa kwemarike ecatshulwa kuyo.
- Gwema ukukhutshwa kwamasheya akhutshwe kumacandelo athile, amashishini okanye imigangatho yezoshishino, ingakumbi ukuba ikhona ngaphantsi kwesakhiwo esikhulu . Ngokomzekelo, engekhoyo kwezinye iimeko ezingaqhelekanga, abaninzi abatyala imali abaninzi abanomdla kwisitokhwe esifanelekileyo senqwelo-moya nayiphi na intengo ngaphandle kokuba isebenze njengento encinci yokwenyuka kwi-potifoliyo. Bacinga ukuba ukulinganisela kukuqinisekisa. Nangona kunjalo, besengasasazi ithuba lokuhamba. Isizathu? Kulo lonke, iinqwelo-moya zinezinto ezilingana neengxaki eziqhubekayo, ezinokuthi zenziwe-naluphi na ixesha. Yimashishini ebona amanqanaba okufumana ingeniso kwimeko yemfazwe, inhlekelele okanye imeko yezoqoqosho jikelele. Amaqabane athi kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lokusebenza kunye nexabiso lentengiso, kwaye, nangaphandle kweyona nto enkulu, kuye kwaphazamisa imali kubanikazi bexesha elide.
Oku kufuna ukujonga iipotifoliyo yakho ngokwahlukileyo. Iphothifoliyo yakho ayifanele ibe yintsimi yolonwabo okanye iimvakalelo zemiqobo ngendlela efanayo yokuhamba kumgangatho wekhasino eLas Vegas ngabantu abaninzi. Ukutshala imali ngokuphumelelayo kufana nokubukela ipeyin emile. Ufumana ixabiso elihle, uhlawule ixabiso elifanelekileyo kubo, uze uhlale emva kwakho emashumi ambalwa eminyaka ngenkqubela-mboleko kunye nokuhlamba okunomdaka kunye nemivuzo. Ukuphosa ngeendlela ezithile ukuze ukuphazamiseka okungenakukuphepheka okanye ukuphazamiseka kwesinye okanye ezinye izinto ezisendleleni akukulimazi kakhulu. Ngokomlando, bekuye inhlanganisela yephupha. Nangona kuyi nyaniso ukuba imbali ayinakuphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphindwe, kuba abo baqonda iingxaki, akunzima ukuphikisa ukuba mhlawumbi yindlela efanelekileyo yokuziphatha.
I-Balance ayinikezeli irhafu, utyalo-mali, iinkonzo zemali kunye neengcebiso. Ulwazi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iinjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela ngengozi okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu.