I-Bankruptcy yinkqubo yomthetho yomgaqo-nkqubo eyenzelwe ukunika abantu kunye neenkampani "ukuqala ngokutsha" kwi-matyala angenakutyala. Inokuthi ibe yindlela yokuba iinkampani ziqhube ishishini kwaye zivelise impahla ngendlela ehlelekile.
Ngokuqhelekileyo inkxalabo yokwesaba nokunyanyeka, inkqubo yokubhankanya ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni koqoqosho lwangoku. Ukuchithwa akukhenxiswanga nje umthwalo wesikweletu esithinteleyo, kodwa kunceda ukugcina i-credit in flow in the economy. OoBawo abaQalayo baqonda ukufuna indlela yokuqalisa kunye nokubonelelwa kuMgaqo-siseko wase-US wegunya leCongress ukuseka inkqubo ye-bankruptcy.
IiNkundla zeBhanki
Inkqubo yebhanki isetyenziswa yiNkundla ze-United States Bankruptcy Courts. Iinkundla zebhanki ziyinxalenye yesigqeba senkundla yesithili senkundla. Ngenxa yoko, kukho inkundla ye-bankruptcy kwisithili ngasinye se-United States. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kubemi bezithili, kunokukho iindidi ezininzi kwiidolophu ezahlukeneyo. Inkundla zeBhanki zilawulwa ngabagwebi abagqityiweyo abaqeshwe kwimigangatho engama-14 ngamakomiti ezomthetho.
ITrasti
Kwinkoliso yabantu abaninzi, i- trustee iqeshwe ngokuzenzekelayo xa ityala lifakwe.
I-trustee ilawula ityala le-bankrupt ngokuhlaziya amaxwebhu enetyala (into esiyibiza ngokuba ngumntu ofake i-case bankruptcy case). Kwimeko yeSahluko 7 , umphathiswa uya kuzama ukuthengisa nayiphi na impahla engeyiyo ihlawulwa ukuhlawula abathengi. I-trustee inesibophelelo sokuqapha ukuziphatha okukhohlisayo kunye nokuhluleka komntu onetyala ukuba adalule ulwazi.
I-trustee ihlawulise umsebenzi wokubambisa ababolekisi bemboleko, kwaye kufuneka iqokelele ixabiso lempahla eninzi njengokuba kunokwenzeka ukuhlawula abathengi.
Injongo yeBhanki
Isiphumo esifunekayo sezona ziganeko zebhanki ezifakwe ngabantu ngabakho ukukhutshwa . Ukukhutshwa komyalelo ngumyalelo osuka kwirejethi yokutshatyalalisa inqunyanqamle naliphi na umboleki ukuba azame ukuqokelela ityala kuwe. Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kukwaziwa nangokuthi i-injunction ye-bankruptcy. Nangona ukukhutshwa kusisigxina, akuyiyo yonke into ebandakanyekayo. Amanye amatyala awahlawulwanga. Ngokomzekelo, amaninzi amatyala, ukuxhaswa kwabantwana kunye nenkxaso yomtshato ayikwazi ukukhutshwa. Njengoko ukukhutshwa kwe-bankruptcy isisombululo esinamandla, kunikwe kuphela abo batyala ngamatyala athembekileyo abonakalisa yonke impahla kunye namatyala abo.
Iintlobo ze-Bankruptcy
Ngomhla we-2017 kukho iinqununu ezithandathu zebhanki. Le nani inothutho kubantu abaninzi kuba abaninzi abantu bayazi kuphela iSahluko 7, 11, no-13.
Isahluko 7 ukuhluthwa kwezona zinto zixhaphake kakhulu. Isahluko 7 ukuhlanjululwa kufanelekile kubantu abangakwaziyo okanye abanqweneli ukusebenzisa iSicwangciso seNkqubo yeNtlawulo yeSahluko 13. Abantu ngokubanzi kufuneka bafanele ukufaka ifayile yeSahluko 7 phantsi kokubala okubizwa ngokuba yi-test test.
Isahluko 13 sokutshatyalaliswa kwesiqhelo sisiqendu sesibini esiqhelekileyo kubantu. Isahluko 13 sivumela umboleki ukuba abuyisele ubuncinane inxalenye yetyala kwixesha eliyiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu.
Isahluko 11 sokuchithwa kwesinye isahluko sesithathu esiqhelanisiweyo. Isetyenziswe ngabanye kunye namashishini.kuhlaziya kwakhona izakhiwo zetyala ezinzima.
Isahluko 9 sisetyenziselwa oomasipala kunye nezinye izicwangciso zezopolitiko ezifana nezibonelelo, isibhedlele, isiza-moya, okanye izithili zesikolo.
ISahluko se-12 kukuba amafama asekhaya kunye nomlobi.
Isahluko 15 sifakwe ngababolekisi abavela kwamanye amazwe aqhelekileyo ngamashishini anokwenza i-bankruptcy okanye i-actions receptionhip elinde kwamanye amazwe.
Ukukhwabanisa
Njengoko i-bankruptcy yinkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo ehlanganiswe yiCongress kwi-United States ye-Bankruptcy Code, ubuqhetseba obushenxisayo buwela phantsi kwesizinda soburhulumente.
Ngokukodwa, ukukhwabanisa okubhankqalaza, okubandakanya izifungo zobuxoki, ukungaphumeleli ukudalula amatyala okanye impahla, kunye nokuziphatha okukhohlisayo kulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukukhwabanisa inkohlakalo kungakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokukhutshwa kwakho kwaye kunokukuhlalisa kakhulu entolongweni.
Nangona urhulumente wesigqeba ugcina isohlo elilindileyo ngenxa yokukhwabanisa kwe-bankruptcy, naliphi na umboleki-mboleki ongenayo imali angafaka isikhalazo kumntu onetyala. Isikhalazo sinokufuna ukukhanyela umboleki ukukhutshwa kobuqhetseba. Ukongezelela, isikhalazo sinokufuna isigwebo ngenkundla yebhanki leyo ityala elibolekiweyo kumbolekisi alikho into ekhutshwe ngayo kwi-bankruptcy. Ithuba lingahlawulwanga phantsi kwemithetho ye-bankruptcy okanye ngenxa yokuba i-credit itholakala ngeendlela zobuqhetseba. Ukuqhawula ngokuqinisekileyo ayikho indawo ekhuselekileyo yerhafu elingenangqondo.