Umthetho weemfuno ukhokela olu lamano. Lithetha ukuba ubuninzi obufunekayo buya kuphuma njengoko ixabiso liphakama, i- ceteris paribus okanye "zonke ezinye izinto zilingana". Ezinye ezo zinto kufuneka zihlale zilingana ziimfuno zokufunwa : ixabiso lempahla ehambelanayo, ingeniso , ukuthanda nokulindela.
Kukho umlinganiselo owongezelelweyo wokufuna umlinganiselo: inani labathengi abakwiimarike.
Ulwalamano oluchanekileyo phakathi kwexabiso kunye nobungakanani obunyanzelekileyo kukunyaniseka. Yinani elikuxelela ukuba ubuninzi bexabiso eliya kufunyanwa liza kuthathwa njani kwixabiso. Ukuba inani liphakamileyo, ngoko libizwa ngokuba yi- elastic demand . Kungenxa yokuba, njengebhanki ye-rubber edibeneyo, ubuninzi obunqwenelekayo buhamba ngokulula ngenguqu encinci kumaxabiso. Umzekelo wale nto uza kuba yinkomo yomhlaba. Ukuba amaxabiso awela ama-25 ekhulwini, unokuthenga kathathu ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo. Kungenxa yokuba uyazi ukuba uya kuwusebenzisa kwaye uya kufaka i-efrijini.
Isidingo se-Inelastic sichasene. Kungenxa yokuba ukuhla kwexabiso akukwazi ukwandisa inani elithengiweyo. Umzekelo i-petroli. Awukwazi ukutshintsha imali oyifunayo nganye veki, nokuba ixabiso likhuphuka. Ngokufanayo, mhlawumbi awuyi kuqhuba ngokuphindwe kabini nje ngokuba ixabiso lawa ngama-50 ekhulwini.
Umzekelo
Nanku umzekelo wobomi wokwenene usebenzisa inyama yenkomo. I-USDA ibalwe ukuba ukunyuka kwemfuno yenkomo yenyuka -0.621. Oko kuthetha ukuba, njengoko ixabiso liphakama i-1.0 yeepesenti, ubuninzi befuna ukuwela kwe-0.621 ekhulwini. Oku kulungelelanisekile kuba ubuninzi abuyi kufikelela njengoko inani liphakanyisiwe.
(Umthombo: "Ixabiso le-Elasticity Estimates," Isebe lezoLimo lase-US.)
Ngo-2014, intengo yomgubo wenkomo yenyuka ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yemvula emibini elandelanayo. Eyokuqala yayingu-2012, ukuqhuba amaxabiso okutya nokunyanzelisa iinkabi ukuba zixhelele iinkomo zabo ukuze zibaphephe indlala. Ngo-2014, enye inkomfa yaqhuba ixabiso lentsha kwakhona. Ama-Ranchers ayengakabakhi kwakhona umhlambi wazo, ngoko ke amaxabiso enkomo avuka nje. Ngaphezulu, jonga Kutheni amaxabiso okutya aphezulu? (Umthombo: "Umyinge weZiko loKutya kunye neMandla," i-Bureau of Labor Statistics.)
Kulo mzekelo, masithi intsapho yezine yathengisa iipounds ezili-10 zenkomo yomhlaba ngoJanuwari ukwenza i-hamburgers, isinkwa seenyama kunye nesilwane. Zonke ezinye izinto zilingana, nolu luhlu lwesidingo lubonisa indlela eza kuncitshiswa ngayo inani elithengwa ngamaphesenti angama-0,621 kuwo onke ama-1.0 ekhulwini kwindleko ephakanyisiwe.
| Ngenyanga ngo-2014 | Ixabiso / lb. | Ubungakanani (kwi-lbs.). |
|---|---|---|
| UJan | $ 3.467 | 10.000 |
| Feb | $ 3.555 | 9.842 |
| Mar | $ 3.698 | 9.597 |
| NgoMatshi | $ 3.808 | 9.419 |
| UCanzibe | $ 3.856 | 9.346 |
| NgoJuni | $ 3.880 | 9.309 |
| Julayi | $ 3.884 | 9.303 |
| Agasti | $ 4.013 | 9.112 |
| Sep | $ 4.096 | 8.995 |
| Oktobha | $ 4.454 | 8.506 |
Nangona amaxabiso aphakama ngamaphesenti angama-28.4, ubuninzi bathengwa kuphela ngama-14,9 ekhulwini ngenxa yokuba imfuno ayifanelekanga. Ezi zininzi zicinga ukuba zonke ezinye iziphumo zeemfuneko zihlala zifana.
Ukuba iimfuno zexabiso ngaphandle kwexabiso liguqule, liguqula yonke ikhefu lemfuno. Kungenxa yokuba ishedyuli entsha yesidingo kufuneka idalwe, ukubonisa ubudlelwane obutsha phakathi kwexabiso kunye nobungakanani. Ukufumana okungakumbi, jonga i- Curve Shift .