Ezi ziyaziwa njengezibhonkco zecomputer. Ezinye iibhondi zinamalungelo akhethekileyo axhomekeke kubo, njengokukwazi ukuguqulwa kwisitoktho esifanayo kwimimiselo ethile, imihla ethile, kunye namaxabiso athile (eyaziwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokwaneleyo "njengezibophelelo eziguqulwayo"; umzala osondeleyo kwi- stock preferred stock ).
Izibhanki zinokukhishwa ziintlobo zamaziko kunye noorhulumente kubandakanywa oorhulumente baseburhulumenteni (owaziwa njengezibophelelo ezilawulwayo; eUnited States, oko kuthetha ukuba izibophelelo zeeNondyebo kunye nezibophelelo zokugcina imali ), oorhulumente karhulumente (owaziwa njengeebhanki zikamasipala ), iinkampani (ezaziwa njengezibophelelo zenkampani ) , kunye nokuninzi. Esinye sezibheno eziphambili zebhondi, ngokubhekiselele kumbono wombophelelo, kukuba zinciphisa indleko yemali. Cinga ishishini elikhulayo ngokukhawuleza ngokubuyela kwimpahla , mhlawumbi ivenkile yokuvula ngokukhawuleza indawo ezintsha. Ngokusebenzisa imali ebolekayo ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo, inkampani inokuvula indawo eyongezelelekileyo kungekudala.
Oku kubangela ukunyuka ukubuyela kwi-equity ngenxa yezinto ezintathu ozifundileyo malunga nengxoxo yethu yeDuPont ukubuya kwimodeli yokulingana .
Iibhondi zilinganiswa ngama-arhente yokulinganisa. Kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokulinganisa zibizwa ngokuba yizibhondi zamabakala otyalo-mali kunye nezibophelelo ezilinganiselweyo ezintathu ezilungileyo kakhulu.
Ngaphantsi zibophelelo ze-junk . Njengomgaqo oqhelekileyo, ukuphakama kwebakala lotyalo-mali, ukuhlawula umyinge wesantya kuba ngumvuzo ngenxa yokuba kunobungozi obuncinci obubandakanyekayo ekubanjweni kweebhondi; oko kukuthi, amathuba okukholelwa ukuba aphezulu ukuba uya kuhlawulwa, zombini inqununu kunye nomdla, ngexesha kwaye ngokugcwele.
Iibhondi zihlala zikhuphisana namanye amatyala njengemali yemarike yemali kunye nemali yemarike yemali , izatifikethi ze-deposit kunye ne- akhawunti yokulondoloza . Abatyalomali bathatyathwa kwabo babonakala banika ukulungiswa okulungileyo phakathi komngcipheko kunye nesivuno ngasiphi na ixesha. Ngamnye unemivuzo eyahlukeneyo kunye neengxaki ezifunwa ngabantu abafuna imali engenayo kwaye abangafuni ukukhathazeka malunga nokutshintshwa kweempahla ezikhoyo kunye neengxowa- mali ezivelisa utyalo-mali .
Enye ingozi enkulu kwinzame yokwenza imali kwiibhondi ixabiso lentengo . Ezinye izibophelelo, ezifana neChungechunge I-bonds yokulondolozwa kunye ne- TIP zinenani elithile lezinga lokuzikhusela ekukhutshweni kwamanani emali okuphazamisa amandla okuthenga umtyalomali kodwa abatyali-mali abahlala beziphatha ngendlela engqiqo. Ukuba ungathandabuzeki oku, jonga oko kwenzekayo kungekudala eYurophu. Abathengi abatyaliweyo abanomvuzo babathengisa izibophelelo zokukhula ngokwaminyaka engama-50 nangama-100 kwimilinganiselo yemingalo ephantsi, kodwa eqinisekisa ukuba, kwixesha elide, balahlekelwa ngamandla onke amandla abo okuthenga.
Yindlela yo-asinine yokuziphatha kodwa abantu bahlala belahlekelwa ingqondo yabo, bafikelela kwisivuno xa bamele banelisekile ukuhlala kwiindawo zokugcina imali , kunoko. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iibhondi azihlali zikhuselekileyo kunezikhokelo xa uqala ukubheka umfanekiso omkhulu kunokuba ungabi nantoni.
Ukuqwalasela ubuninzi beliphothifoliyo kufuneka kutyalomali kwiibhondi kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Iimeko zihluke kumtyalo-mali kumtyalo-zimali, echaphazelwe yizinto zonke ezivela kwiivenkile ezitshaliweyo ukuya kwezinye iindlela ezikhoyo nakweyiphi na ixesha kwiimarike ezinkulu. Abatyalomali abancinci batya ukutyalomali kwiimali ezibophelelweyo ukuze bafezekise ulungelelaniso olungcono njengoko iimfuno ezizimeleyo ngokubanzi zifuna ukuthengwa kwiibhloko ze-$ 5,000 okanye i-$ 10,000 ngelo xesha ukufezekisa ixabiso elincinci, nangona unako ukuhamba ne-$ 2,000 okanye i-$ 3,000 xa uthenga umthengi ophantsi kweendleko kunye ne-bond bond bond ehambayo kwimiba ethile oyiqwalaselayo.
Ufumana ixabiso elincinci elincinci kwibhloko oyifumanayo. Leyo yinkampani yokulawula i-asethi , abacebisi bentengo ebhalisiweyo , kunye namaziko emali banamathuba amaninzi okutyalo-mali kubathengi abafuna ukufumana iikhompyutheni ezizimeleyo ezijoliswe kwiimali ezingenasisiseko zokufumana imali (sisasebenza kwizinto ezithile kodwa kukunika ingcamango. ubungakanani obufunekayo, kwi-firm firm management firm, apho ndiya kulawula ubutyebi bentsapho kunye nobutyebi bomhlaba obutyebi kunye nabanamalungelo amaninzi, iintsapho kunye namaziko, silungiselela ukubeka ubuncinci kwiakhawunti engenayo yokufumana imali. $ 500,000 okanye ngaphezulu). Kwi-upshot, kweli xesha lezinga lentengo ephantsi, iifizi kwiakhawunti engenakudla ngokuqhelekileyo zihlala ziphantsi kakhulu kunama-akhawunti e-equity. Ngeke kube yinto engavamile ukubona iibhanki ezikhokhwayo ezilawulwayo ukusuka kwi-0.50% ukuya kwi-0.75% kubatyalomali abane-akhawunti ezixabisa phakathi kwe-$ 1 yezigidi kunye ne-$ 10 yezigidi.
Ipesenti ebalulekileyo yabatyali-zimali bafuna igunya lokutyalo - mali elibizwa ngokuba yi- capital preservation . Kungenxa yokuba imali ebutyalwe kwiimbopheleleko ngokuqhelekileyo ibingenakuxhaswa kwemali, njengaleyo efunyenwe ekuthengiseni ishishini lentsapho emva kweminyaka, amashumi eminyaka, okanye izizukulwana zomsebenzi, ezifunyenwe kwimivuzo emfutshane kodwa ezuzisa kakhulu njengezemidlalo, ifa, okanye ngaphezu komsebenzi wobudlelwane xa umtyalo-mali uneminyaka endala ngaphandle kwexesha lokuphila elaneleyo kunye / okanye impilo yokwakha kwakhona ukuba ilahleke. Ngexesha elide, ezinye iintlobo zotyalo-mali ziyakhangwa kwiimarike ezibophelelweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ziyizihlunu ezinokuthi zisebenzise umlinganiselo wokuthenga izibophelelo ezingekho phantsi kwezinto ezingekho phantsi kwempahla, ezivame ukuzenza imali emininzi ngaphambi kokuba ziqhume ebusweni babo kwaye fungela ubomi ukuze ubone umjikelezo uphinda uphinda u-10 okanye 20 kwiminyaka kamva.
Ekugqibeleni, ezinye zeenzuzo ezikhethekileyo ezixhamliweyo kubanikazi babo ziquka ukukwazi ukuhamba kwemali ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwakha i-bond ladders kunye nokufumana izibophelelo ngeentsuku ezithile zokuhlawula i-coupon, umtyalomali unokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba imali iyafumaneka ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, izibophelelo ezithile zineenkcukacha zerhafu ezikhethekileyo. Cinga ngeenzuzo zokutyalomali kwiibhondi zikamasipala . Akunikezeli kuphela inkxaso-mali yokwakha uluntu lwasekuhlaleni - izikolo, izibhedlele, izibhedlele, iibhuloho kunye nazo zonke iindlela zokuphuhliswa kwempucuko - kodwa, ukucinga ukuba ulandela imithetho kwaye ufumane uhlobo olulungileyo lwebhondi olusekelwe kwindawo yakho, kufuneka uyakwazi ukufumana inzuzo engenayo irhafu, kunye nomdla ongenakuhlawulwa kwentlawulo. Qinisekisa ukuba ubeka ingqalelo kwi- aseset , kodwa. Ngokomzekelo, akufanele unamathele iibhondi zikamasipala ngaphandle kweRoth IRA .
Ndibhalile okuninzi malunga nezibophelelo kunye nokutyalomali kokungeniswa kwemali emibini apha kwi- Investing for Beginners nakwiblogi yam, apho ndijamelana nazo ezinye iingcamango eziphambili ezingekho ngokufanelekileyo kubatyalomali abatsha abamele ukuba batyala imali kwizinto ezinjengemali yenkcazo , endaweni yoko; umzekelo, indlela yokusebenzisa izivuno zentengo ye-Nondyebo ngokubhekiselele kwisivuno se-equity income ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukunyuka kwexabiso.