Iinkqubo zoLawulo lwePortfolio yeBond
Ukuba uthe wagcina izibophelelo njengemali eqhelekileyo, utyalo-mali, kwaye ufumene imali encinci, inxalenye enkulu yokubuya kwakho kwangempela yabhujiswa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko apho uhlala kuyo, imeko yakho eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukuthetha ukubuyela kwakho kwangempela kwi-1.93% njengoko urhulumente, mhlawumbi ngendlela yentlawulo okanye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukuba umvuzo wakho kuwe. Ukuba ububambe iibhondi kwindawo yokukhusela irhafu, njenge-akhawunti yomhlala phantsi okanye isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi, wakwazi ukuyonwabela yonke into.
Sekunjalo, nangona phantsi kwimeko yesigxina, ukuqokelela iireki ezithe zagqithisa izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngamanqaku angama-193 ayizange yenzeke encinci. Unesivumelwano esinyanzeliswe ngokusemthethweni sokuba, ukuba awuzukuhlonishwa, unelungelo lokumangalela ibhizinisini kwinkundla yebhanki kwaye ulandele phambili kubanini bempahla. Ukuba unobungqina obunzulu bokugxininisa kwiimbopheleleko zokubolekwa kwempahla okanye ezinye izibambiso eziphezulu, usenokwenzeka ukuba ube neempahla ezibonakalayo ezixhasa izibophelelo eziqinisekisiweyo ukuba uza kuphuma ngokupheleleyo, okanye ungasondeli ngokupheleleyo, xa kwenzeka ukucinywa.
Okwangoku, wakwazi ukuqhubeka nobomi bakho njengoko imali iboniswe kwi-imeyile evela kwiinkampani oye wazinika imali.
Ziziphi Iingxaki?
Akukho nto "into" yokutshala imali. Ngokuxhomekeke apho wawa khona ngokubhekiselele kumgca wendlela yentetho, iziphumo zakho zibhetele ngakumbi okanye zibi kakhulu.
Ukutshala imali kweBond kuninzi malunga nokufumana amathuba okufumana imali njengentengiso ekhoyo. Ngokomzekelo: Ukuba ufumene ukuba i-earnings yenkampani ivunayo kwi-stocks yayiyincinci yesikhonkqo ibuyisela ekupheleni kwee-1990 (okwakungekho mfihlelo enkulu njengoko abanye bezemfundo kunye nabaphathi be-Amerika babememeza ngokukhawuleza ngo-editorial and interviews, okanye wena, ngokwakho, unokuqinisekisile ngaphantsi kweminithi yemathematika), unokwenza kakuhle ngokungafuni ukudlala umdlalo kwaye, endaweni yoko, ulayishe kwi-bond-year-bonds. Kule minyaka elishumi eyalandelayo, unandiphe ukubuyiswa kwangempela ngaphezu kwexabiso lentengo nge-4% ukuya kwi-5% ngonyaka; umphumo omhle womsebenzi onzima wokungenzi nto ngaphandle kokujonga ukuba idiphozithi yakho ngqo ifikile. (Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, kwafuneka udibanise iikhuphoni uze uwasebenzise ekubambiseni inzala yakho yemithwalo-mboleko ; ezi ntsuku, awukufanele uyenze loo nto!) Enyanisweni, unokuba utyumle i-S & P 500 ngokuthenga kuphela i- Series I . Kungenxa yokuba izitokisi zazingenangqondo kwaye ixabiso lenu lithetha ukuba uza kuqokelela imali engaphezulu kwiibhondi. Kwaye akunjalo ukuba yonke inqaku lokutyalomali? Ukuqokelela imali engaphezulu kunye nexesha? Intlawulo ohlawula kuyo yonke idola iyibaluleke kakhulu .
Izinto ezintathu zeBond Investors kufuneka ziqwalasele xa kulungiswa iPortfolio
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iibhondi zinomsebenzi ongaphezulu kweyodwa kwipotifoliyo yakho - abakhona nje ukuvelisa inzala . Ngokwenene ngokwenene, zikhonza njengomthombo wokugcina umgangatho wokuthengwa kwemali ; uhlobo lwerwala apho imali yakho ikwazi ukuhlawula ngexesha le-maelstrom. Ukuba ama-stocks ayenamava okunciphisa ama-50% ukuya kuma-90%, njengoko kwenzeke kwi-Depression Great of 1929-1933, ukuhlanganiswa kwexesha elimanyeneyo lokubambisana kunye nokulinganiselwa kwekhredithi ephakamileyo kufuneka kulungile, ngaphandle kokuba kukho ukuhluka kwezinto ezininzi.
Okwesibini, nangona ixabiso lomyinge lithengiswa kwiirekhodi, utyalomali abatywalayo abavumi ukufumana intlungu ngobusuku obude, okanye kwiminyaka embalwa, njengoko bahlala bevalelwe kwizinga eliphezulu.
Yingakho kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isicwangciso sekhredithi yebhanki, evumela ukuba ulungelelanise kakuhle imali yakho. Oku kunciphisa ukungahambisani kwemimandla echaphazelekayo yemilinganiselo kunye nemilinganiselo yeziphumo zakho kwizinto ezikufutshane nomgca wendlela yentetho ukuya kwinqanaba elinjalo.
Okwesithathu, awukwazi nakanjani ukuba ikusasa elibambe. Oko kubonakala ngathi ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwinqanaba liyakwazi ukuguquka, apho iibhanki zikhuseleke kangcono kunamanye amanqanaba e-asethi. Ukukhusela kule nyaniso engalungile yenziwa nguBenjamin Graham izizukulwana ezidlulileyo xa ecebisa ukuba abatyali-zimali bangabambeli ngaphantsi kwe-25% yeemali zabo kwiibhonkco, okanye bavumele ukuba ulwabiwo lwabo lwabiwo lube ngaphezu kwe-75% yexabiso lepottoliyo. Ukuthabatha, ukuhlalutya kwezemfundo kwenziwe ngabanye bezikolo zoshishino ezilungileyo kunye namaziko emali kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo iqinisekise ukuba uGraham unokubekwa kwinto ethile ngenxa yokuba iipotifoliyo ezingama-25% ezinxulumene nazo, phantsi kweemeko zonke, zihanjiswe ngokubanzi kwiziphumo ezifanayo kunye iphothifoliyo yee-100% ezitokisini, kodwa zinamava okunciphisa kakhulu, kunye nokuphila okuphezulu ngexesha leemarike xa abahlali beqeshiso bebenokukrazula ukuhlawula iindleko.
Isishwankathelo lokuHlola
Beka ngakumbi ngokulula, utyalomali osisigxina unokuthi:
- Ukunamathela kwi-intanethi ye-1.) ixesha elifutshane lokubambisana lokunciphisa umngcipheko wenani lomyinge, kunye no-2.
- Ukusebenzisa isicwangciso sekhredithi yesondlo
- Ukugcina ulwabiwo-mali olungaphantsi kwe-25% yexabiso lepotfolio
Kumele kuthiwe wonke umntu unemeko eyahlukileyo kwaye kubalulekile ukuba uxoxe ngale nto kunye nomcebisi wakho wezemali oqeqeshiweyo. Unokuba neemeko ezizodwa ezenza le ndlela ibe yinto engalunganga kwintsapho yakho. Okona kuncinci, kukuvumela ukuba uqonde ezinye iindlela ezinokuzithengisa ezisetyenziswa ngabanini-bhanki ababethebileyo abafuna ukukhusela intsapho yabo.