Hayi, abazange babangele Inkxalabo yeMboleko. Nantsi into eyenziwe
Indima kwiMakethe yeMboleko
UFannie noFreddie babeziinkampani ezixhasiweyo.
Kwakuthetha ukuba kufuneka ba khuphisane, njengenkampani yabucala, kwaye bagcine ixabiso lempahla yabo. Ngelo xesha, urhulumente wesigqeba uqinisekisile ngokuqinisekileyo ukubaluleka kweemali zokubolekwa kweemali ezithengiswa kwimarike yesibini. Oko kwabangela ukuba babambe imali encinci ukuze baxhase iimali zokubolekwa kwemali xa belahlekelwa. Ngenxa yoko, uFannie noFreddie baxinzelelo ukuba bathathe umngcipheko wokuba bazuze. Kwakhona babesazi ukuba abayi kuba nemiphumo xa izinto zijika ezantsi.
Urhulumente uwamisele ngale ndlela ukuze avumele ukuba bathenge iimali eziphantsi ezifanelekileyo ezivela kwiibhanki , baqinisekise, kwaye bathengise kubasomali. Amabhanki asetyenzise imali ukuze enze imali emininzi. Kuyo yonke loo minyaka, uFannie noFreddie baxhasa isiqingatha sazo zonke iindleko zokubolekwa ezitsha ezikhutshwe ngonyaka. NgoDisemba 2007, xa iibhanki zaqala ukukhawuleza ukuboleka imali, zathintela iipesenti ezingama-90 zazo zonke iimali.
Indima ngexesha leNkqubela yeZindlu
Imimiselo kaRhulumente evumelekile uFannie noFreddie ukuba bathenge iimali zokugcina imali.
Kodwa njengokuba imarike yempahla eguqulekileyo, kwanjalo ishishini labo litshintshile.
Phakathi ko-2005-2007, bafumana ezimbalwa iimali-mboleko zemali-mboleko ezinqamlekileyo kunye neepesenti ezingama-20. Baye balayisha kwi- subprime , inzala-kuphela , okanye iimali zokubolekwa kweemali ezimbi . Lezo zazinjalo iintlobo zeebhanki zemali-mboleko kunye nabanini-mboleko abangabhalwanga ngemali.
UFannie noFreddie benza izinto zibe zibi kakhulu ngokusebenzisa kwabo izixhobo zokufumana umngcipheko wezinga lomdla weenkhundla zabo. Kodwa njengamashishini abucala abuyiselwa ngabanini-zimali ukuba bancede, bayenza oku ukuhlala bekhuphisana namanye amabhanki. Bonke babenza into efanayo.
Ukuthengwa kwemali mboleko kaFannie Mae:
- 62%
- 84% kuphela
- 58% i-subprime
- I-62% yayidinga ngaphantsi kwe-10% yokuhlawula i-paypayment.
Imali mboleko kaFreddie Mac yayimngcipheko ngakumbi, equka:
- 72% ukulungiswa kwemali engalunganga
- 97% kuphela
- 67%
- I-68% yayidinga ngaphantsi kwe-10% yokuhlawula i-paypayment.
Imali yokubambisa imali engapheliyo kunye neye-subprime yenza u-Fannie noFreddie bafumane imali yokuthenga imali.
UFannie noFreddie Held Bambalwa Imali eyingozi Yobuninzi kunamabhanki amaninzi
Imimiselo yaqinisekisa ukuba uFannie noFreddie bathatha imali embalwa kule mboleko. Bafumana eminye yemali mboleko ukugcina isabelo semarike kwimarike kakhulu.
Ngo-2005, i-Senate ixhaswe ibhili-mthetho eyabenqabela ukuba babambe iziqinisekiso ze-mortgage-backed zabo kwiphothifoliyo. ICongo ifuna ukunciphisa umngcipheko urhulumente. Ewonke, ii-GSEs ezinamibini okanye eziqinisekisiwe ezingama-5.5 trillion zemali ye-mortgage ye-11.2 trillion.
Kodwa i-bill ye-Senate ayiphumelelanga, kwaye uFannie noFreddie banyusela imali yabo yokuboleka imali.
Baya kwenza imali eninzi kwiirhafu zemali eziphezulu zemali mboleko kunokuba zivela kwiintlawulo abazithengayo ngokuthengisa iimali-mboleko. Kwakhona, babefuna ukugcina amanani entengo ephezulu kwimarike yezindlu.
Njengamashishini axhaswe nguRhulumente, uFannie noFreddie bathatha umngcipheko omkhulu kunokuba babefanele. Abazange bakhusele abahlawuli berhafu abaye bafumana ukulahlekelwa ilahleko zabo. Kodwa abazange babangele ukuhla kwezindlu. Abazange batyale kwiimarike kunye neengxowa-mali zangaphandle. Esikhundleni saloo nto, yayingumphumo, kungekhona isizathu, senkathazo yokuboleka imali.
Iziganeko ezixhasweyo ezixhaswe nguMnxeba weFannie
Ngo-2007, iipesenti ezili-17 kuphela zeepotfoliyo yazo zazingenayo imali okanye i-Alt-A mboleko. Kodwa ke izindlu zezindlu zayehla, kwaye abanini bezindlu baqala ukusilela. Ngenxa yoko, le pesenti encinci yemali-mboleko yangaphantsi igalele ipesenti ezingama-50 ezilahleko.
Njengama-GSEs, uFannie noFreddie abazange bafune ukukhuphula ubukhulu bephothifoliyo yabo yemali-mboleko kunye neenkunzi ezinkulu ezivela kwimpahla yokuthengisa ukuze zifihlwe. Kwakuyimiphumo yesibini imizamo yabo yokubambisana kunye nelokuba iimali-mboleko zabo zafunyanwa. Esikhundleni saloo nto, basebenzise izixhobo ezivela kwiindawo zokukhawulela umngcipheko wezinga lomdla weefowenuli zazo. Xa ixabiso leemvelaphi liye lawa, kunjalo nokukwazi kwabo ukufaka imali mboleko.
Oku kuboniswa kweemvelaphi kubonakalise ukuwa kwabo, njengoko kwenza kwiibhanki ezininzi. Njengoko izindleko zezindlu zawa, ngababoleki abaqeqeshiweyo baphela ngokuhlawulwa ngaphezu kwekhaya. Ukuba kwakufuneka bawathengise indlu nangaliphi na isizathu, bekuza kulahlekelwa imali encinci ngokuvumela ibhanki ukuba igxilwe ngaphambili. Abbolekayo kwiimpazamo ezimbi kunye nemali-mboleko yenzalo kuphela yayimbi kakhulu.
Ukuqeda uFannie noFreddie Baya kutshabalalisa iMarike yeZindlu
Abanye abawomthetho bacebisa ukuphelisa uFannie noFreddie. Abanye bacetyisa ukuba iUnited States ikopi iYurophu ekusebenziseni izibophelelo ezixhaswa ngemali yokufumana imali enkulu yokuhlala ekhaya. Ngezibophelelo ezigqityiweyo, iibhanki zigcina ingozi yemboleko kwizindlu zabo zokuhlala. Bathengisa izibophelelo ezixhaswe yiloo mali yokuthenga imali kubangasomali-mali. Oko kuvumela ukuba banciphise umngcipheko wezinga lomyinge.
Yintoni eya kwenzeka xa iCongress yachithwa nguFennie noFreddie? Kuya kunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukufumaneka kwemali yesondlo kunye nokwandisa indleko. Amabhanki azama ukukhupha iimali zokugcina iimali ezingaqinisekisiwe. Izinga lentengo ye-Mortgage liyakwazi ukuhamba ngokuphakamileyo njengama-9-10 ekhulwini. Ama-Mortgages ayengaqabile kwaye axabise. Imarike yezindlu yaseMelika iya kuqubuka.