Iifemu zivelisa ii-ounces eziyi-8 zeetsimbi ngonyaka
Ukuveliswa kwemveliso yeplatinum yehlabathi jikelele kwangezigidi ezili-8 ngonyaka ngokuwa kwe-2017. Kuninzi njenge-platinum ores kwi-Earth crust, nangona kunjalo, ukuveliswa kwesimbi yeplatinum kugxininiswe kakhulu, kunye nezona zihlomelo ezine ezinkulu zibalwa kuma-67 ekhulwini we-platinum yokuvelisa. Iprojekthi enkulu yeplatinum yehlabathi, i-Anglo Platinum, yabakho malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zazo zonke iiplatinum eziphambili ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nama-30 ekhulwini kwiprogram yomhlaba wonke. Funda ukufunda ukuba ngubani ovelisi beplatinum abaphezulu behlabathi, ngokweMetalary, iwebhusayithi yezoshishino elandelela ukuveliswa kwezityalo kunye namanani kwihlabathi jikelele.
01 Anglo American Platinum
Iimpahla ze-Anglo American Platinum Limited (i-Amplats) ziqukethe imigodi e-11 elawulwayo eMzantsi Afrika naseZimbabwe ekuhlanganiseni kunye nokuvelisa ii-ounces ezingama-2.4 zeeplatinum ngonyaka, ixabisa ngaphezu kwe-2.2 yezigidigidi ngokuwa kwamaxabiso e-2017. Uninzi lwe-ore ezivela kule migodi lucwangciswa kwenye ye-Amplats '14 e-concentrators ngaphambi kokufotshwa kwenye yezinto zokucocwa ezintathu zenkampani eMzantsi Afrika.
02 Impala Platinum
I-Impala Platinum (i-Implats), apho imisebenzi yayo igxile kwi-Complex Bushveld eMzantsi Afrika kunye ne-Great Dyke eZimbabwe, ivelisa ama-ounces angama-1.6 yezigidi ze-platinum ngonyaka, eyenza ibe ngumvelisi wesibini omkhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Iyunithi yeprayimari yenkampani yokusebenza eyona nxalenye iphantsi kwinqanaba leNtshona Koloni kwiComplex kufuphi neRustenburg. I-Implats iqulethe i-73 yeepesenti kwiMarula kwilungu elisempuma. EZimbabwe, inkampani isebenza ngeZimplats kwaye inomdla kuMimosa Platinum.
03 Lonmin
I-Lonmin, eyayihlanganiswa ekuqaleni njengeLondon neRhodesian Mining and Land Company Ltd. (eLonrho) ngo-1909, ivelisa ii-ounces ezingama-687,272 zeplatinum ngonyaka, ibeka kwiNombolo 3 kwoluhlu. Inkqubo ephambili yenkampani, igoli laseMarikana, lisentshonalanga kwinqanaba laseBushveld. I-Ore ekhishwe yiLonmin ithunyelwa kwinkqubo yenkqubo yeLonmin apho isiseko sesimbi, kubandakanya ubhedu kunye ne- nickel , zichithwe ngaphambi kokucocwa kwesinyithi kunye nezinye iindidi zeplatinum, i- palladium , i- rhodium , i-ruthenium kunye ne- iridium .
04 Norilsk Nickel
I-Norilsk Nickel (i-Norilsk) ngumkhiqizi omkhulu wehlabathi we-nickel (ukubalwa kweepesenti ezili-17 zomveliso wehlabathi jikelele) kunye ne-palladium (iipesenti ezingama-41), kunye nomvelisi ophezulu we-copper. Kwakhona kuvelisa ii-ounces ezingama-683,000 zeplatinum ngonyaka. Iifom zeenkampani ezixabisekileyo kunye neplatinum yeensimbi njengeemveliso ezivela kwimigodi yayo kwiTimyr naseKola Peninsula (zombini eRashiya) kunye nakwiimigodi eBotswana naseMzantsi Afrika. I-Norilsk, inkampani enkulu yeemayini yaseRashiya, iphinda ikhuphe kunye nokucoca i- cobalt , isilivere, igolide, itellurium kunye ne-selenium njengemveliso.
05 Aquarius
I-Aquarius Platinum Ltd inentshisekelo kwiindawo ezixhenxe eziseMzantsi Afrika kunye neZimbabwe, ezimbini zazo zivelisa ii-ounces ezingama-418,461 zeplatinum ngonyaka. Imigodi yaseKroondal neMimosa, ngokulandelanayo, ikhona kwi-Complex Bushveld eMzantsi Afrika kunye neDest Dyke eZimbabwe. I-Ore ithunyelwa kwizityalo ezimbini ezihamba nge-metallurgical esakhiweni kwipropati, enesakhono esihlangeneyo senyanga ye-570,000.
06 Northam Platinum Limited
I-Northam, umvelisi wePGM odibeneyo kunye nokusebenza ekujoliswe kwi-Complex Bushveld eMzantsi Afrika, uvelisa ii-175,000 ii-platinum ngonyaka. Isakhiwo esiyinhloko senkampani yimijondolo ye-plondum yeZondereinde kunye ne-metallurgical complex. Ukucocwa kweToll for PGM ukugxila kwenzeka phantsi kwesivumelwano kunye ne-WC Heraeus eJamani kwaye ihanjiswa ngeveki kwisibonelelo sikaHeraeus Hanau apho i-platinum, i-palladium, i-rhodium, igolide, isilivere, i-ruthenium ne-iridium iyahlukana.
07 Sibanye Stillwater
Sibanye Stillwater ivelisa ama-ounces ama-ounces ama-platinum angama-155 000 ngonyaka. Iimpahla eziphambili zeenkampani zifumaneka kwi-ora ye-JM Reef body e-Montana, eline-28-mile ubude e-Montana, equkethe i-palladidium, i-platinum kunye nexabiso elincinci le-rhodium. USibanye Stillwater usebenza ngeemigodi ephantsi komhlaba, i-East Boulder ne-Stillwater. Ixhomekeke kwiindawo zamashishini, kunye nezinto ezichanekileyo zokukhutshwa kwakhona, zenziwa kwi-smelter yenkampani e-Columbus, Montana.
08 Vale SA
I-Vale SA yinkampani yesibini yeyona migodi yehlabathi ngobukhulu, umvelisi ohamba phambili we- iron ore kunye ne-pellets kunye nomvelisi we-nickel wesibini. Kwakhona kuvelisa ii-ounces ezingama-134 000 zeplatinum ngonyaka. Iinqwelo ezininzi ze-nickel ziqulethe i-PGM, i-Vale iyakwazi ukukhipha iplatinum njengemveliso yenkqubo yayo yokucoca i-nickel. I nkampani ithatha i-PGM-containing containing concentrates ukusuka eSudbury, eCanada, ukusebenza kwiziko lokucubungula ePort Colborne, e-Ontario, elivelisa i-PGM, igolide, kunye nesilivere.
09 Glencore
UGlencore uvelisa ii-ounces ezingama-80,000 zeplatinum ngonyaka. I-Eland ne-Mototolo imigodi-ekugqibeleni ukusebenzisana kunye ne-Anglo Platinum-ikhona ecaleni lentshona ye-Bushveld Complex kwi-Basvaal Basin eMzantsi Afrika. Inkampani iphinda ilandise i-PGM ukusuka kwi-nickel sulfide ores kwi-Basbury Sud, eCanada. Abaninzi bayazi i-platinum-mining firm firm as Xstrata, kodwa uGlencore wathenga i-Xtrata ngo-2013, eshiya igama lenkampani kungekudala emva koko.
10 Asahi Holdings
I-Asahi Holding yaseJapane ivelisa malunga nee-ounces ezingama-75,000 zeplatinum ngonyaka njengenxalenye yequmrhu layo lezityalo ezixabisekileyo. Ikhampani iqokelela, ihlaziye iphinde ibuyise kwakhona iinqwelo ezixabisekileyo ezisetyenziswayo kwii-electronics, i-catalysts, i-dentistry, iigrafu kunye neefoto. Njengoko iqela lichaza kwiwebhusayithi yalo:
"Ngokuphindaphinda igolide, isilivere, i-palladium, i-platinum, i-indium, kunye nabanye njengezityalo ezixabisekileyo kunye neemveliso zentsimbi ezingabonakaliyo eziyimfuneko kubunamhlanje, sinegalelo ekusebenziseni ngokufanelekileyo izibonelelo kunye nophuhliso lwemveliso."