Iimali zeeNgxowa-mali zingaba ziCwangciso kwiKota elifutshane kunye noBulumko kwixesha elide
Kutheni iingxelo zemali ngokubanzi zikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo kotyalo-mali kubaqeshwa-mali bexesha elide? Impendulo emfutshane kukuba ukunyameka kwabo kunye nesakhiwo esinexabiso eliphantsi kunika umgangatho wokusebenza owanceda batshale uninzi lweemali ezilawulwa ngempumelelo kwixesha elide.
Kodwa kuthekani malunga neendlela ezifutshane zenkxaso-mali? Lilixesha elifanelekileyo lokutshala imali kwiinkcukacha zengxelo? Ngaba kukho imimiselo ethile yemarike eyenza inkcazo ihlawulise ingcamango engcono kuneemali ezilawulwa ngokuzimeleyo? Masiqhubeke nokuphendula le mibuzo.
Xa Inkcazo zeNgxowa-mali ziwaBamba ngokuKhethekileyo iiNgxowa-mali
Ngaphambi kokuhamba phambili kunye neengxabano ezisebenzayo, kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba akukho ndlela epheleleyo, indlela yokukhohlakeleyo yokuqikelela ukuba zeziphi iindidi zemali ezabelanayo ziza kwenza ngcono kunezinye ngethuba lokuphi na ixesha lokunika ixesha, ngokukodwa ixesha elifutshane, omnye unyaka okanye ngaphantsi.
Kodwa kukho iimeko ezingenza i-index index ifumaneke ngokukhethekileyo kwezinto zokutshala imali ngaphandle kweengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngempumelelo:
- Iimpawu zeMathambo ezinamandla (iiShishini): Xa amaxabiso esitokhwe aphakama kuwo onke amacandelo kunye neentlobo zeengxowa-mali, abaphathi bezimali abanomdla bayalahlekelwa yimpumelelo kuba ukuthenga kunye nokuthengisa okucwangcisiweyo kunamathuba amaninzi okulahleka kwiindwendwe ezinkulu zeemarike ezifana nokubetha. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2006, xa imarike yayisekupheleni komnyaka wekhalenda wenkomo yayo yangaphambili, i- Vanguard 500 Index (VFINX) ibetha ngaphezulu kwama-75% eemali ezinkulu zokuxuba . Kwaye ngo-2010 nango-2011, xa izitokisi zisemoyeni yokubuyisela ngokupheleleyo emva kwe-market ye-market ye-bear, i-VFINX yashaya i-70% kunye ne-80% yohlu lontanga, ngokulandelanayo.
- Imiqathango yezoqoqosho (Iimali zeBond): Iimakethe ze-Bond zinokuba nzima ukuhamba kunye nabaphathi bezimali ze-fund kunye nezicwangciso zokulawula ezisebenzayo zifunda ngoku kulukhuni- ngokulahlekelwa ukubonisa imali njenge- Vanguard Total Bond Market Index (VBMFX) . Ngokomzekelo, xa ukuhlaziywa koqoqosho kuhlenga ngo-2011, kunye nemali yeempahla yayinelungelo lokubalekela ukubuyiswa okungekho, iimali zebhondi zinexesha elihle. Kodwa i-index index bond yayinomnyaka omkhulu. I-VBMFX ibetha i-85% yazo zonke iimali zesikhashana-mali .
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo xa iimali zenkcazo zilahlekelwa kwiimali ezilawulwa ngokunyanisekileyo xa iimarike ziguquleka kwaye kuphela umphathi wesikhwama osebenzayo (okanye unenhlanhla) osebenzayo angakwazi ukungena kwiimpahla okanye amabhondi angaphaya kwamanani amanqaku athengisayo. Olu hlobo lweemarike lubizwa ngokuba li-market-picker's market. Kwaye nakuyo nayiphi na indawo yemarike, kukho nakwiinkalo ezithile ezingenza ngcono kunezinye kwiimarike ezithintekayo.
Ukusebenzisa iNgxowa-mali ngokufanelekileyo
Umgca ongundoqo kukuba akukho ndlela yokuchaza ukuba yintoni imarike eya kuyenza ngonyaka ngonyaka, okanye nayiphina ixesha elifanelekileyo lelo mba. Iimali zenkcazo zingabakho izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokunxibelelana kunye kwaye zingasetyenziswa ngokuhlakanipha ngokubambisana nemali elawulwa ngokukhawuleza ukwakha iphothifoliyo yesikhathi eside.
Iinkampani ezigqwesileyo kakhulu ezinobuninzi beendleko zenkcitho ephantsi ziquka iVanguard, i-Fidelity noCharles Schwab.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.