Yiyiphi ephezulu? I-Mutual Funds okanye ii-ETF?
Ukufana: Kutheni usebenzisa iSicwangciso seNkcazelo?
Ngaphambi kokungena kwiintlukwano zeemali ze-index kunye ne-ETFs, makhe siqale ngokufana nezinye, okanye kutheni unotyala kwi-fund okanye kwi-ETF. Iimali zee-Index kunye nee-ETF zombini ziwela phantsi kwesihloko esifanayo "sokutsalathisa," kuba bobabini zibandakanya utyalo-mali kwi-index index benchmark. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokubhaliweyo kukuba i- index ye-index kunye ne-ETF ziyakwazi ukubetha imali elawulwa ngokunyanisekileyo ngokukhawuleza.
Isizathu sokuqala nesona sizathu sokusebenzisa imali yenkcazo okanye ii-ETF kukuba yintoni imboni yocandelo lotyalo-mali libiza iqhinga lokutyalo-mali . Ngokungafani neengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngokuzimisela, utyalo-mali oluthile aluklanyelwe ukuba lukhuphe ngaphandle kwemarike okanye inkcazo ethile. Inzuzo apha kukuba iyakususa umngcipheko kumphathi , leyo ingozi (okanye ingozi engenakukuphepha) ukuba umphathi wezemali uza kwenza iphutha aze aphelelwe yi-index index, njenge- S & P 500 .
Kutheni i-Active-Managed Funds ihlala iLahlekile kwiiNgxowa-mali
Umzekelo oqhelekileyo apho isikhwama esiphezulu esisebenzayo sisebenza kakuhle kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala ukususela; kufezekisa ukubuyiswa kwe-average-average, eheha abantu abatyala-mali; ixabiso le-mali likhula likhulu kakhulu ukulawula kunye nakwixesha elidlulileyo; kwaye ubuya buqala ukutshintsha ukusuka kumgangatho-phezulu ukuya kwi-average-average.
Ngamazwi ahlukeneyo, ngelixesha abaninzi abatyali-mali bafumanisa ingxowa-mali yokubambisana ngokuphezulu, baye baphoswa ngokubuyisela okuphezulu. Yiloo nto ndibiza ngokuba "ukuxosha imali;" unqabile ukuba uthathe inzuzo ephezulu kuba utyalo-mali ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwangaphambili.
Enye inzuzo yokutyalo-mali kwiingxowa-mali, njengemali yenkcazo kunye ne-ETFs, kukuba banamaxabiso angaphantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngamandla.
Le yinye inzame yomphathi osebenzayo ukuba anqobe, oku kunzima ukwenza ngokuqhubekayo nangaphezulu kwexesha. Ngokomzekelo, ezininzi iimali zenkcazo zinokulingana kweendleko ezingaphantsi kwe-0.20% kunye ne-ETF ezinokulingana nezindleko, ezinjenge-0.10% okanye ezantsi, kanti imali elawulwa ngokunyanisekileyo isoloko inexabiso lentlawulo ngaphezu kwe-1.00%. Ngako ke, isikhwama sokubambisa sinokufumana i-1.00% okanye inzuzo ephezulu ngaphezu kweemali eziphathekayo eziphathekayo phambi kokuba ixesha lokutyalomali liqale. Isishwankathelo, iindleko ezincinci zihlala ziguqulela kwimbuyekezo ephezulu phezu kwexesha.
Ulwahlulo phakathi kweeNgxowa-mali ze-Index kunye nee-ETF
Ngaphambi kokuhamba ngaphaya kweentlukwano, nantsi isishwankathelo esheshayo sokufana: Zomabini zitsalo-mali ezithintekayo ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-index engundoqo, njenge-S & P 500; Bobabini banomlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu weendleko xa kuthelekiswa neengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngamandla; kwaye bobabini bangabakho iintlobo zentengo yotyalo-mali kunye nokwakha iipotfoliyo.
Njengoko sele kuthethwe apha, ii-ETF zinexabiso elingaphantsi kweendleko ngaphandle kweenkcazo zemali. Oku kunokwenziwa kwinqanaba lokubonelela ngenqaku elincinci kwimbuyekezo kwi-index ye-investor. Nangona kunjalo i-ETF ingaba neendleko zokuthengisa eziphezulu. Umzekelo, masithi unayo i-akhawunti ye-brokerage kwi- Vanguard Investments .
Ukuba ufuna ukuthengisa i-ETF, uya kuhlawula imali yokurhweba malunga ne-$ 7.00, ngelixa i-Vanguard inkcazo yengxowa yokulandelela inkcazelo efanayo ayinayo imali yokuthenga okanye ikhomishini.
Ukwahlukana okuseleyo phakathi kweengxowa-mali kunye ne-ETFs kunokuqwalaselwa zonke iinkalo zomlinganiselo oyintloko: Iimali zengxelo zixhaswa ngemali kunye nee-ETs zithengiswa njengamasotokisi. Ithetha ntoni le nto? Ngokomzekelo, masithi ufuna ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa i-fund. Ixabiso ekuthengayo okanye ekuthengiseniyo alilona xabiso; Ixabiso le-Asset Net (NAV) yee-securities eziphantsi; kwaye uya kurhweba kwi-NAV yengxowa-mali ekupheleni komhla wokurhweba. Ngoko ke, ukuba amaxabiso esitokisi aphakama okanye awele ngexesha lemini, awukwazi ukulawula ixesha lokusebenza kwezorhwebo. Ukuba bhetele okanye ngakumbi, ufumana oko ufumana ekupheleni kosuku.
Iingenelelo ze-ETF kunye ne-Index Funds
Ii-ETFs zentengiso ngemini, njengempahla.
Oku kunokuba luncedo ukuba unako ukuxhamla ukunyuka kwexabiso elenzekayo emini. Igama eliphambili apha yi- IF . Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ukholwa ukuba imarike iyahamba ephakamileyo emini kwaye ufuna ukuwasebenzisa ngokunjalo loo mkhwa, ungathenga i-ETF ekuqaleni kwosuku lokurhweba kwaye ubambe ukunyakaza. Ngezinye iintsuku iimakethe zingaphuma phezulu okanye ezantsi ngaphaya kwe-1.00% okanye ngaphezulu. Oku kubonisa umngcipheko kunye nethuba, kuxhomekeke ekuchanekeni kwakho ekuqikeleleni ukuhamba.
Ingxenye yendlela efanelekileyo yokuhweba ye-ETF yinto ebizwa ngokuba "isasazeka," okonahluko phakathi kwe- bid kunye nokucela intengo yokhuseleko. Nangona kunjalo, ukubeka ngokulula, enkulu ingozi apha i-ETFs engathengiswanga ngokubanzi, apho ukusasazeka kungabanzi kwaye kungathandeki kwabanye abatyalo-mali. Ngako-ke khangela i-ETFs eboniswe ngokubanzi, efana ne-iShares Core S & P 500 Index (IVV) kwaye uqaphele iinkalo ze-niche ezifana neengxowa-mali zecandelo elincinciweyo kunye nezimali zelizwe.
Ukwahlula kokugqibela kwe-ETFs ngokumalunga nesimo sabo sokuthengisa esitokisini kukukwazi ukubeka i- stock orders , oku kunokukunceda ukunqoba ezinye zeendlela zokuziphatha nezingozi zokuthengiswa kwelanga. Ngokomzekelo, kunye nomyalelo wokukhawulela, umtyalomali unokukhetha ixabiso apho urhwebo lwenziwa khona. Ngomyalelo wokuyeka, umtyalomali unokukhetha ixabiso elingaphantsi kwexabiso langoku kwaye ukhusele ukulahlekelwa phantsi kwexabiso elikhethiweyo. Abatyalomali abanalo olu hlobo lolawulo oluguquguqukayo kunye neengxowa-mali.
Ngaba kufuneka usebenzisa ii-Index Fund, ii-ETF okanye zombini?
Inkcazo yemali ngempikiswano ye-ETF ayikho / okanye umbuzo. Abatyalomali banobulumko ukuqwalasela zombini. Imirhumo kunye neendleko ziintshaba ze-investor index. Ngoko ke okokuqala ukuqwalasela xa ukhetha phakathi kwezi zibini ixabiso leendleko. Okwesibini, kunokuthi kubekho iintlobo zokutshala imali enye ingxowa-mali inokuba nethuba ngaphezu komnye. Umzekelo, umnini-zimali ofuna ukuthenga isalathisi esivakalisa ngokukhawuleza ukunyuka kwentengo yegolide, uya kufezekisa iinjongo ezingcono ngokusebenzisa i-ETF ebizwa ngokuba yi-SPDR Gold Shares (GLD).
Ekugqibeleni, nangona ukusebenza kwangaphambili akusikho isiqinisekiso semiphumela yexesha elizayo, ukubuyiswa kwembali kungabonakalisa inkcazo yengxowa okanye i-ETF yokukwazi ukulandelela ngokukhawuleza i-index yangaphakathi kwaye ngaloo ndlela unike umnini-zimali ithuba lokubuyela kwixesha elizayo. Umzekelo umzekelo weengxowa-mali, i-Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Inv (i-VBMFX) sele iphumelele imbali yeShares Core I-Index ye-Bond Market Index ye-ETF (AGG), nangona i-VBMFX inexabiso lentengo ye-0.20% kunye ne-AGG yi-0.08% kwaye zombini ilandelele enye inkcazelo , i- Barclay's Aggregate Bond Index . Ngamazwi ahlukeneyo AGG ukusebenza kuye kwadlula phambili ngaphantsi kwesalathisi ngaphezu kweVBMFX.
Amazwi okuQaphela okuBulumko: uJack Bogle kwi-ETFs
Njengoko unokulindela, umsunguli we-Vanguard Investments kunye noovulindlela bokungcebeleka, uJack Bogle, unokungathandabuzeki nge-ETF, nangona iVanguard inokukhethwa okukhulu. UBogle uxwayisa ukuba ukuthandwa kwe-ETF kubangelwa kakhulu ekuthengiseni ngoshishino lwezezimali. Ngako oko ukuthandwa kwe-ETFs akunakunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo kumsebenzi wabo.
Kwakhona, ukukwazi ukurhweba isicatshulwa njengemasheya kubangela isilingo sokurhweba, oku kunokukhuthaza ukuziphatha okulimazayo okungazilimazi, njengexesha elibi lorhwebo kunye neendleko zorhwebo ezikhulayo rhoqo, okungafani nefilosofi yexabiso eliphantsi.
Ngaphantsi kwe-Index Funds vs ETFs
Ukukhetha phakathi kwemali yenkcazo kunye ne-ETF yinto yokukhetha ithuluzi elifanelekileyo lomsebenzi kwaye akukho nto. Isando somnxeshi sangasese singasebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwiiprojekthi zeeprojekthi zakho, ngelixa isibhamu esisisigxina sinokukhetha. Nangona ezi zixhobo zibini zifana, zineenkcenkceshe kodwa ziphawulekayo kwisicelo kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Mhlawumbi inqaku elona lifanelekileyo lokukwenza ngemali yenkcazo kunye nee-ETs kukuba umninimzi unokusebenzisa ngokubini zombini. Ngokomzekelo, unokukhetha ukusebenzisa i-index ye-collective fund njengento ebalulekileyo yokubamba kwaye wongeze ii-ETs ezifaka imali kumacandelo njengengqungquthela yesathelayithi yokongeza ulwahlulo. Xa usebenzisa izixhobo zokutyalo-mali ngenjongo efanelekileyo kunokudala isiphumo sokusebenzisana, apho yonke (iphothifoliyo) inkulu kunani leengxenye.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.