Oko Kufuneka Ukwazi Ngaphambi kokuba Utyalole kwi-'Yimari Yesebe Yonke 'Iimali zeeNgxowa-mali
Iimali zenkcazo zifumene ekuthandeni kwiminyaka yamuva kwaye sele zikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo kuluntu-mali olutsha. Enyanisweni, inkcazo ekhoyo ebanzi yemarike, iVanguard Total Total Market Index (iVTSMX) yinkxaso -mali enkulu kwihlabathi , njengoko kulinganiswa yimpahla phantsi kolawulo.
Inkcazo yeemarike ezibanzi iinzuzo ezicacileyo kubatyalomali kodwa ahlale esetyenziswa kakuhle. Nantsi into oyaziyo malunga neengxowa-mali zeenkcukacha zorhwebo ngaphambi kokutyalomali:
Ziziphi i-Broad Market Index Fund?
Kanye njengoko eli gama livakala, i-index enkulu yemarike ibeka imali kwinxalenye enkulu yeemarike ezitshalileyo, ngokubhekiselele ekujoliswe kuyo kwiimali ezithile, ezifana nezitokisi okanye iibhondi. Ezi zinto zibonelela ngokubanzi kwiimarike kubatyali-zimali zidla ngokuba zibizwa ngokuthi zizonke iimali zeemarike .
Ngokomzekelo, i-fund eyodwa okanye i- Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) elandelela i-Index ye-S & P 500 yinkcazo yenkcazo ebanzi ngokubanzi kodwa inkoliso ngokubanzi i-index index ibhekisela kwingxowa-mali ngokubanzi ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuba i-fund iya kutyalomali isicatshulwa esibanzi, njengeWilshire 5000 okanye uRussell 3000. Ukubanjwa kweWilshire 5000 kunye noRussell 3000 kubandakanya ininzi yempahla yasekhaya yase-US exhwebiweyo kwimashishini ekutshintshiselana, oko kutheni igama "elipheleleyo lemarike" ngokuqhelekileyo lifakwe kwingxowa-mali igama.
Inkcazo enkulu yemarike yemarike ezityale kwiibhondi zihlala zilandelela i -Index ye-US Aggregate Bond Index , equkethe ama-bond angama-17,000, ngoko ke igama elithi "i-index bond bond" yoluhlu lwemali olulandelayo.
Iingenelelo zeeNkcazo zeMarike eziThabileyo
Inkcazo yemarike ebanzi inemithombo efanayo kunye neengxowa-mali zenkxaso-mali kwaye ke ezinye.
Nazi izibonelelo eziphambili kubalimi-mali:
- Iindleko eziphantsi: Njengamanye amaninzi eenkcukacha zenkxaso, iimali zeemarike ezibanzi zihlala zinexabiso eliphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-0.20, okuyi-$ 20 kuphela kwii-dollar ezingama-10,000 ezityalomali. Iindleko eziphantsi zenza uncedo luphuculise ukubuyiswa, ngokukodwa kwithuba elide, ngenxa yokuba imali encinci elinganayo kunye nemali inotyalwe ukukhula kwaye ihlanganiswe ixesha elide.
- Ukubuyiswa okuNcinci: Isizathu esiyinhloko seendleko eziphantsi zeengxelo zenkxaso-mali kukuba iibhendi azithengiswa kwaye zitshintshwe kwizinga eliphezulu. Ukutshintshwa kwalokhuseleko kuthiwa yi-returnover, engachazwa njengepesenti yebhanki yebhanki eyathatyathwa ngotyalo-mali oluthile (okanye "uguqulwe") ngunyaka odlulileyo. Iimali ezininzi ezilawulwa ngokunyanisekileyo (imali engekho yenkcazo-mali) ingaba nemali engaphezulu kwama-50 ekhulwini, ngelixa iifom zenkcazo zivame ukufumana imali engaphantsi kwama-5 ekhulwini.
- Ukusebenza kweRhafu: Umphumo othe ngqo weentengo eziphantsi ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu ezigqithiselwe kumtyalomali. Xa iimali zentengiso zithengisa ukubamba kwixabiso eliphakamileyo kunexabiso elithengiweyo, livelisa irhafu yengeniso yemali, leyo idluliselwa ku-investors ngendlela " yokunikezelwa kwemali eyinzuzo ." Ukuba ubambe i-akhawunti yengxowa kwi-akhawunti ehlawulwayo, uya kuhlawula irhafu kule miba. Ngoko ke, ekucingeni ukuba unqwenela ukunciphisa irhafu, uya kufuna isibonelelo se- tax-efficient , njenge-fund index index.
- Ukuchithwa koBanzi: Inkoliso yeengxowa-mali ihlukeneyo, oku kuthetha ukuba batyala imali enkulu kwinani. Nangona kunjalo, iimali zengxowankulu ebanzi zinikela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ithetha ukuba batyala imali enkulu kwinani lenkxaso-mali. Ngokomzekelo, imali epheleleyo yemarike yemakethe ye-stock market ityala imali engaphezu kwama-3,000, kodwa i-S & P 500 ingxowa-mali yenkxaso-mali ityala kuma-stocks angama-500.
- Ulawulo oluPhezulu: Njengezinye iimali zenkcazo, iimali zengxowankulu ekhoyo zorhwebo zilawulwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo, oku kuthetha ukuba umphathi akazami ukuzama ukubetha i-index index. Kunoko bazama ukulandelela ukusebenza komboniso. Oku kuyinzuzo kuba uyasusa umngcipheko wokuba umphathi uya kwenza izigqibo eziphosakeleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo zisekelwe kwiimvakalelo zabantu, ezifana nokuhaha kunye nokwesaba, oku kunokuchaphazela isigwebo. Ngamagama ahlukeneyo, imali yeengxelo zikhupha umngcipheko kumphathi-mali.
- Ukuphumelela kweRhafu: Umphumo othe ngqo weentengo eziphantsi ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu ezigqithiselwe kumtyalomali. Xa iimali zentengiso zithengisa ukubamba kwixabiso eliphakamileyo kunexabiso elithengiweyo, livelisa irhafu yengeniso yemali, leyo idluliselwa ku-investors ngendlela "yokunikezelwa kwemali eyinzuzo." Ukuba ubambe i-akhawunti yengxowa kwi-akhawunti ehlawulwayo, uya kuhlawula irhafu kule miba. Ngoko ke, ekucingeni ukuba ufuna ukunciphisa irhafu, uya kufuna isibonelelo se-tax-efficient efana ne-VTSMX.
Ngokucacileyo, i-index ye-market index index ineentlobo ezifanayo zezinye iimali zenkcazo, kodwa inzuzo enkulu yezohlukeneyo.
I-Total Stock Market Index nge-S & P 500 Index
Indlela efanelekileyo yokufumanisa ukuba iimali zengxowankulu yeemarike zikhethwa kukukhetha ukutshala imali kukujonga ukungafani phakathi kweengxowa-mali zeemali zecandelo lokuthengiswa kwe-stock vs i-S & P 500 .
Iimali zeemali zeemarike zesebe zilandelela ukusebenza kwe-Wilshire 5000 Index yeRussell 3000 Index. Ezi ntengiso zeentengiso ezinkulu zibandakanya uluhlu olupheleleyo lweentengo-mali, ezibandakanya izitokisi ezinkulu, iimpahla zesikhokelo esiphakathi kunye nezitokhwe ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, i-S & P 500 yengxowa-mali iya kubandakanya kuphela i-stock-caps kunye ne-stock-caps. Oku kwenza ukuba ixabiso lemarike yesitokethi lifumane imali ehlukeneyo kuneengxowa-mali ze-S & P 500.
Enye into ebalulekileyo yeengxowa-mali zeemali zentengiso ye-stock market ukugcina engqondweni kukuba zivame ukulandelela inkcazo ye "cap-weighted", oko kuthetha ukuba phezulu kwekhredithi ye-market, enkulu "isisindo", okanye ukuchithwa, kwisitokisi isalathisi. Ngoko ke, isibonelelo seengxowa-mali samasheya esitokisini sinokulinganiswa kakhulu kwiimpahla zentengo ezinkulu, okwenza ukusebenza kufane ne-S & P 500 yengxowa-mali.
Ngaloo nto, abatshali-mali banokulindela ukusebenza kwexesha elide ukuba kube ncinane kakhulu kunye nenkokhelo ye-stock index ye-stock market kuba ixabiso elincinci le-stock-and-small-cap-stocks liyakunceda ukukhulisa ukusebenza (ngokusekelwe kwimilinganiselo yeembali eziza kuqikelela ukuba i-capital capital bhetele kunama-caps amakhulu.
Izilwanyana ezimbalwa ngokusebenzisa iikhomputha zeeNkcukacha ezinkulu
Kwakhona, usebenzisa i-index ye-stock index yenkxaso-mali njengomzekelo, abatyali-mali kufuneka bahlale bekhumbula ukuba ukuchasana kwamasheya aphakathi nendawo encinci, ngaphezu kwe-stock-stocks ezinkulu kunokubangela ukuba i- fund iqokelele kwiphothifoliyo ukuba umtyalo-mali uzimisele ukubamba iimali eziphakathi kunye neyincinci.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umtyalomali wayefuna ukugcina i-20% yesabelo sephothifoliyo kwii-stock-stocks, kufuneka ukuba azi ukuba i-index yabo yesigxina ye-stock market sele iphethe i-stock-cap stocks kwaye ihlengahlengise imali eyabelwe imali.
Kwakhona, nangona iimali zeemarike ezibanzi zihambelana kakuhle, zingenako ngokwaneleyo ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabatyalo-mali abaninzi, abafuna ukudibanisa i-asethi (oko kukuthi amasheya, iibhonksi kunye nemali), kunye nokuchazwa kweengingqi ezahlukeneyo (okt US kunye namazwe angaphandle).
Ukuba isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, iifowuni-zimali zentengiso ebanzi ingaba ithuluzi lotyalo-mali oluthile malunga naliphi na utyalomali.