Inkcazo kunye Nenkcazo yeCandelo le-Asset / Liability Matching Strategy
Kule ngcaciso emfutshane, ndifuna ukuhamba ngeenkcazo eziphambili zeefayili / ukunyaniseka kweemfanelo, uchaze indlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo kwihlabathi lenene, kunye nokugqamisa, kwiinkalo ezininzi ezingezizo zemfundo, ezincinci zezibonelelo ezinokubandakanywa indlela yokufikelela kwisicwangciso-mali sexesha elide kwaye kwaye xa kufanelekile.
Yintoni Inkcazo ye-Asset / Accountability Matching?
Ngendlela ecocekileyo, i-asethi / ukunyaniseka kwemfanelo yinkqubo yokuzama ukulungiselela ixesha elithile leemfuno zemali, ngokukodwa ukuphuma, ngumtyalo-mali kwaye wenze izigqibo zonikezelo-mali ngendlela egxininisa ekunyuseni amathuba okuba i-asethi iphothifoliyo iya kuthengiswa okanye ihlawulwe, ivelise ngeniso engenayo eyaneleyo, okanye ngenye indlela ejongene nesiganeko esiza kuqinisekisa ukuba i-greenbacks ikhona apho umtyalo-mali uya kubafikela ngexesha lakhe.
Icandelo kunye neqela leprogram efana ne-asethi / yokunyaniseka kweemfanelo, uzama ukuvelisa iziphumo ezilungelelaniso ezijongene nobungozi ngaphakathi kwemiqathango ethintelo echazwe kwiimfuno zexesha lokulindela kwemali.
Imizekelo Yeliphi iqhinga lokuHlanganisa iAset / Liability Kubukeka ngathi kwiLizwe Linyani
Ukuba udidekile malunga nendlela le nto iza kusebenza ngayo, makhe sijonge kwiimeko ezimbini eziqingqiweyo ezinokuthi zifane neento oza kuzibona kwihlabathi langempela, uhamba ngeyiphi i-aceti / ifanelekileyo isicwangciso esingqinelanayo singabandakanya phantsi kweemeko ezithile zeemeko.
Umzekeliso 1: Cinga ukuba usomashishini ophumelelayo. Unomntwana oneminyaka emihlanu ubudala kunye nentombi eneminyaka emi-2 ubudala. Ufuna ukubeka eceleni isabelo seenzuzo zakho ukuhlawula abantwana bakho kwiikholeji. Into oyifunayo yinkqutyana yesibalo semali esilwayo iyafumaneka kumhla othile, kwaye ngamaxesha athile, kwixesha elizayo. Ngunyana wakho, udinga isamba semali esitholakalayo kwiminyaka eyi-14 ukugubungela umnyaka wakhe omtsha wekholeji, isamba semali kwiminyaka eyi-15 ukugubungela unyaka wakhe ogqithiseleyo wekholeji, isamba semali kwiminyaka eyi-16 ukumboza unyaka wakhe omncinci wekholeji, kwaye isamba semali kwiminyaka eyi-17 ukugubungela iminyaka yakhe ephakamileyo yekholeji. Ngomnyaka we-17, kufuneka kwakhona isamba sokuqala sentombazana yakho ukumbamba umnyaka wakhe omtsha wekholeji. Ngomnyaka we-18, unyana wakho kufuneka aphumelele kwaye angasayi kuba nethemba ngokuxhasa inkxaso yezemali ngoko-ke ukuphuma kwexesha elilindelekileyo kufuneka ube yintombi yakho yonyaka wekholeji. Ngomnyaka we-19, unomnyaka wakho omncinci wekholejini. Ekugqibeleni, ngomnyaka we-20, unomntwana ophezulu kunyaka.
Inkqubo yokuncedisa i-asethi / ukunyaniseka kuyo kubandakanya ukwakha iphothifoliyo engayisingatha eli xesha lokuthengisa. Umzekelo, uhlalutyo olulungileyo lwendlela yokuthengisa imveliso yeempahla zentengiso kukuxelela ukuba nayiphi impahla, okanye iqela lamasitokethi, lingahle linciphise kwixabiso lemarike ngama-33 ekhulwini okanye kwezinye iimeko, iipesenti ezingama-50 okanye ngaphezulu, ngaphezu kwexesha elifutshane kakhulu nangona ishishini eliphantsi likhula.
Ingumphumela wendlela yokuthengiswa kwintengiso ehambelana neemarike ezinkulu; ixabiso abaotyalo-mali kufuneka bahlawule ngalo ithuba lokuba babe nobutyebi bobutyebi babo ngokwegunya lokwenene lokuthenga ngaphezu kwamashumi eminyaka . Ngenxa yile nyaniso, engekho na imeko echaphazelekayo enokuthi ibonise ukuba i-exceptional order in order, ulawulo oluhle lwesigxina xa ubhekana nesitrato esincinci esimele silawulwe ngokwahlukileyo kukugwema ukuba neemali eziya kuyidinga kwiinyanga ezimashumi mathandathu ezalandelayo (iminyaka emihlanu) utyalomali kwisitoktho esifanayo okanye kwisitokhwe esikhethiweyo ngaphandle kokuba ukholelwa ukuba inzuzo yerhafu yodwa iza kukwanela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuthengwa kwempahla kunye nokuba ezinye zeempahla ezikhoyo kwiipotifoliyo ukufumana isahlulelo esinqabileyo.
Umzekeliso wesi-2: Khawucinge ukuba ungumqeqeshi ochitha indawo yokuhlala. Uxoxisane nokuthengwa kwee-2,000,000 zakhiwo zeofisi eMidwest kunye nomnini wangaphambili, owakuvumela ukuba uthenge loo propati ngokuza ne-$ 400,000 ukuhlawula ngokuhlawula rhoqo iintlawulo zenyanga kwii-1,600,000 zeeRhafu eziseleyo njengokuba kuthengiswa kwemali engamashumi amathathu minyaka.
Nangona kunjalo, emva kweminyaka engama-7, yonke ibhalansi eseleyo ihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo. Unokukhetha ukuhlawula isakhiwo ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokuvuthwa kwebhaluni kwaye ucwangcise ukuthatha nayiphi na intsalela yokuphuma kwemali kwipropati, idibaniswe neminye imithombo yembuyekezo, kwaye uyakha ukuze kubekho ngokukodwa ngomhla wokukhula Unokuhlawula ngokupheleleyo ityala ngaphandle kokufuna ukulungiswa kwemboleko ngeziko lemali. Indlela yokubambisa i-asethi / yokunyaniseka iya kubandakanya ukukhetha utyalo-mali, nokuba kwakuthetha ukutshala imali ephantsi, okwenzela ithuba elihle lokuba ukwazi ukwenza zonke izinto ezicatshangelwe.
Ingqwalaselo yezinye zeeNkqubo kunye neNgxowa-mali ye-Asset / Accountability
Inzuzo enkulu kakhulu yokusebenzisa indlela efana ne-asethi / ukunyaniseka kwi-management portfolio kukuba inokukuvumela ukuba unciphise kakhulu imingcipheko onokujamelana nayo njengotyalo-mali ukuba inkqubo leyo yenzelwe kwaye iphunyezwe ngokuhlakanipha. Umzekelo:
- Impahla Efanelekileyo / Ukuxhamla Ukunciphisa Ingxaki Yokunciphisa Ukutshalwa Kwengozi: Ingozi yokubuyisela imali ibhekisela kwingozi yokuba awuyi kukwazi ukubuyisela ukuhamba kwemali kwi-investment kwizinga elifanayo okanye eliphezulu lokubuyiswa njengotyalo-mali lokuqala, okubangele ukuba uhlalutyo oluphantsi umyinge kunokuba uqikelele okanye ufuna. Ngendlela yokufanisa i-asethi / yemfanelo, unokukhetha into enjenge-bond-bond bond instead of bond bond . (Isibambiso se-coupon sinomngcipheko omkhulu wexesha ngenxa yobuzwe obuphezulu kwizinga lentengo kodwa ekugqibeleni akukho nto enomsebenzi ongenayo injongo okanye imfuneko yokuthengisa i-asethi ngaphambi kokufunda ngokuvakalayo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kwiimvalo eziyimfuneko malunga nekhredithi yekhredithi , ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, njl.)
- I-Asset efanelekileyo / uxanduva lokuBambisana kunokunciphisa ubungozi bokungena kumatyala: Ngokuzisa ixesha elidlulileyo xa imali kufuneka ifumaneke, isicwangciso-mali esifanelekileyo sokubambisa i-asethi / isibophelelo sinokugxininisa ekukhuselekeni kwinqununu, okanye ukugcinwa kwenkunzi , ngaphezu kwegunya lokutyalo-mali oluvulekileyo unako. Oku kunokunceda umtyalomali okanye umphathi weepotfoliyo, kwimeko yento efana ne- akhawunti ephethwe ngabanye okanye xa isebenzisana nenkampani yokulawula i-asethi , bhetele ngakumbi ukuba yiziphi iindidi zokubambisa, ukuvuthwa, kunye nezinye iimpawu zokhuseleko okanye inqanaba le- asethi ezifanelekileyo . Kakade ke, oku akusoloko kukhohlakele; umzekelo, ubungqina benani-mali abatyebileyo abazithobile izinto ezinjengeemali zentengiso-ntengiso ngexesha loKhuselo oluKhulu olukhulu lo-2007-2009, abanye babo baphulukana nezigidi zeedola kwizinto abazikholelwa ngokungalunganga ukuba zifana neengxowa-mali zemali .
- I-Asset efanelekileyo / uxanduva lokuxubusha lunokukunceda ukukhusela kwi-Bias Action: Emva kokuba usuqulunqe uphinde usebenzise isicwangciso esichaphazelekayo / ukunyaniseka kweemfanelo, kunokuba lula ukunyamekela ukunyaniseka kwemakethe ngenxa yokuba amehlo akho agqitywe ngomhla wokuphela. Oku kunokuthetha ukuthintela ukwenza iimpazamo ezingabonakaliyo xa amafu ezityhutyha kwezoqoqosho eqokelela; nto ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba abatyali-mali abatyaphule. Ukuba unokungabaza ukuba unamandla kangakanani oku, khawuqwalasele enye i-statistic ehlaselayo esuka kwingxowa-mali yechungechunge lwe-Morningstar enkulu: ngokumalunga nokubala kwawo ngo-2014, umtyalo-mali oqhelekileyo wayelahlekelwa ipesenti ezi-2.5 ngonyaka ngenxa yemicimbi yokuhamba kwemali. (Izinto ezifana nalezi zizona zizathu zezizathu zokuthi i-industry enkulu iVanguard iqikelela "ixabiso elongeziweyo" lokuqeshisa umphathi wobutyebi obambiseneyo owalandela "iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulawula ubutyebi" kwi "Iipesenti ezi-3 kwimbuyekezo yentlawulo" ngonyaka, ngaphezu Ukuhlawula ixabiso lexabiso lakho: Ukubiza i-Vanguard Advisor's Alpha, Septemba 2016 nguFrancis M. Kinniry Jr., CFA, uColen M. Jaconetti, uCPA, CFP®, UMichael A. DiJoseph, uCFA, uYan Zilbering, kunye noDonald G. Bennyhoff, i-CFA. Ishadi elithile elibhekiselelwe apha li-Figure 1 kwiphepha 4 kwe-28).
- I-Asset efanelekileyo / uxanduva lokuBambisana kunokunceda ukunciphisa iingozi ezivela kwiimeko zezoQoqosho kunye neNkunzi yeMali: ukuba ufuna ukuqonda isibheno se-asethi / ukunyaniseka kwemfanelo, khangela ngaphandle kweembuyekezo ezifunyenwe iinkampani ezininzi ze-inshorensi emhlabeni jikelele njengamazwe, ngokukodwa iJapan kunye kunye namazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, alwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ixabiso elibi, inzala. Ezi nkampani ze-inshorensi zenze izithembiso kwimigaqo-nkqubo yazo ngokusekelwe kwiingcamango ezithile zokubuyela kwii-portfoliyo zabo ezigqithisiweyo ezibonakala ziqikelelwa ngokubanzi malunga namava onke adlulileyo kodwa aphendulekanga kwihlabathi apho i-capital capital yabo yayingenakukwazi ukufumana amaninzi ngenxa kumgaqo-mali wemali yebhanki. Enyanisweni, ukuba ubuxelele abaphathi beenkampani ukuba baya kuphuka, okanye baxakeke kakhulu ukungenakulungiswa kwemali, kwilizwe elibonakalayo elingenamkhawulo 1% okanye isivuno esincinane kwiimali zesikweletu sexeshana esifutshane, babeza kukuhleka. Sekunjalo, oko kwenzeka. Ngeprogram yokufanisa i-asethi / ukunyaniseka, isigqibo senziwe ukuba kugxininiswe ekukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezizithembiso, ezilinganiselwe kumandla okuthenga okutyunjwayo, okwenziweyo ngoko-mali efanelekileyo yeerandi okanye ii-Euro, i-pound sterling okanye iiFrancis Francs, i-yen okanye nayiphi na enye imali echazwe, iyafumaneka kwisixa esaneleyo xa kuyimfuneko.
Izimo eziqhelekileyo apho Unokucinga Ukusebenzisa iCandelo lokuHlanganisa iiAset / Liability
Nazi iimeko ezimbalwa okanye iimeko apho ungacinga ukuphuhlisa nokuphumeza isicwangciso-mali sokubambisa i-asset /
- Ukucwangcisa umhlalaphantsi; ngokukodwa, ukuba ne-akhawunti yakho yenguqu ekugxininiso lwempembelelo kunokuba ujolise ekugxilweni komxhelo njengoko usondele kumhla ozimisele ukuqala ngawo ukuthatha ihoxiswa.
- Ukuxhaswa ngemali kwiikholeji kubantwana bakho, abazukulu, abantwana, abazalwana, okanye ezinye iindlalifa okanye abaxhamli.
- Ucwangciso lokuthengwa kwekhaya, ikhaya lesibini, okanye ipropati yotyalo-mali.
- Ukucwangcisa ukukhula komhlala-mboleko okanye enye inkokhelo ene-balloon yokuhlawula inqaku kwi-note.
- Ukwenza izipho ezihlawulelwayo zerhafu ukuya kwimingcele yentlawulo yesipho njengenxalenye yesicwangciso semigangatho yokunciphisa intela yeminyaka emininzi okanye yeminyaka emininzi ejoliswe ekunciphiseni ixabiso lefa lakho .
- Ukuhlawulwa kwemali enokuthi ihlawulwe ngamacala okugweba okanye ezinye izibophelelo ezinokuthi zithathe iminyaka ukulungisa.
- Ukubeka bucala imali yokuhlawula umtshato womntwana ngoko xa unyana wakho edibana nomyeni wakhe okanye umfazi wakhe, okanye intombi yakho idibana nendoda okanye umfazi wayo, iindleko zokumkela kunye kunye, mhlawumbi, i-honeymoon ifakwe.
- Ukudala idibanti yemali ekugqityiweyo ekugqibeleni isetyenziselwe ukuxhasa ukuqaliswa kweshishini okanye utyalo-mali olulindelekileyo.
- Ukumisela indawo yokugcina inkunzi eya kusetyenziselwa ukukhipha umlingani ngokubambisana okulinganiselwe , ilungu elincinci elincinci , okanye umgcinisi-zimpahla kwinkampani ngexesha elinqunjelwe ngaphambili, njengokuthatha umhlala-phantsi wegqirha ngokubambisana zonyango okanye umlingane kwi-firm firm.
- Ukubeka bucala imali ukuze isetyenziswe ukuhlawula i-bill tax tax.
- Ukuza kunye neemali eziqinisekisiwe okanye ezithembisiwe kwimini ethile njengenxalenye yesicwangciso esiphumeleleyo.
Ewe, kukho ezinye ezininzi kodwa oku kufuneka kukunike ingcamango ebanzi malunga nendlela le thuluzi lokulawula iipotfoliyo lisetyenziselwa ngayo-ngaba-wena-abatshali-mali, abacebisi bezezimali kunye namaziko ezezimali ngokufanayo.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nokuphathwa kweepotfoliyo kunye nokutyalomali ngokubanzi, unokufuna ukujonga ezi zixhobo ezilandelayo:
- Isikhokelo soQeqesho seNgcaciso sokuTyala imali kwiShishini
- Indlela yokubhala iNgcaciso yeMigaqo-mali
- Izilingo ezisixhenxe zoKhetho lokuSetyenziswa okuVikelekileyo
- Ziyiphi iindidi eziMashishini ezahlukileyo ezenziweyo ngokwembali kwi-Stock Market
- IAsset Allocation Basics
- Ukwenza Imali Nokukwakha Ixabiso Lakho Elifanelekileyo
- Iintlobo eziMathandathu zeeAset ezahlukene zePortfolio Portfolio Management
- Yiyiphi ibuyiselo elilungileyo kwiingxowa-mali zakho?
- Iindlela ezili-7 zokutshabalalisa ubutyebi bakho kunye neNgcaciso yobomi bobuhlwempu
- Ukutshala imali kwiikhompyutheni zeenkcazo zabaQaleli
I-Balance ayinikezeli irhafu, utyalo-mali, iinkonzo zemali kunye neengcebiso. Ulwazi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iinjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela, okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu.