Kwezinye iimeko, abatyali-mali baxelelwe ukuba akunakucingatha oko babenayo, kuphela abanokwakhe iiklasi ezifanelekileyo. Kuwuphi na utyalo-mali onokuqonda, oku kuhlambulukile. Ekugqibeleni izikhundla ezizimeleyo, kwaye nangona ezinye izinto eziye zaziwayo zonyango ziza kukukholelwa, umgangatho osemgangathweni wephothifoliyo enikeziweyo ayikwazi ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo umgangatho ngamnye ophantsi kwezinto ezithile - ukuba uhleli emgqonyeni we-junk, Ukongeza i-junk ayiyi kukugcina ukhuselekileyo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukutsho ngenye indlela yinto efanayo yezinto ezingenangqondo ezikhokelela kwiibhasikidi zeemboleko zetyala ezenziwe ngamatyala angaphantsi-mali athola ukulinganiswa kwebakala lotyalo - mali ! Ukuba imbali ibakho nawuphi na umkhombandlela, ungabikho uhlobo oluthile loshishino okanye isigaba sokutshintsha kweparadi, uza kuba ngcono kakhulu ukuba ube ne-investment real estate ngaphandle kwezabelo ze-American Airlines kwixesha leminyaka elizayo nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo kukhokelela kwizinga eliphezulu lokukhula konyaka kunyaka kwexesha elide.
Nceda ungaqondi kakuhle. Ukuchithwa kuyinto enhle kwaye ingcamango yokuba "ungafaki onke amaqanda akho ngebhasikidi enye" isilumko kulabo abangakwaziyo okanye abangafuneki ukuvavanya ukukhangiswa kwamathuba okutyalomali. Ubuqhetseba abuyi kukuthatha kude; ukuthobela ingqalelo kwi-portfolio weightings ingqiqo ngelixa ulinganisa urhwebo-offs.
Ingakanani Ukuchithwa Kwempahla Kuye Kuninzi KwiPortfolio Yakho?
Kukho iingozi ezininzi ekufumaneni amasheya angaphezulu, iibhondi, izakhiwo zezindlu, okanye ezinye iimpahla ezingabonwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Uluhlu oluninzi kangakanani? Ngokuqhelekileyo, utyalo-mali oqhelekileyo mhlawumbi angabamba ngaphezulu kwemashumi amabini okanye amathathu amakhethiweyo akhethiweyo, ezikhethiweyo eziqhelekileyo, ezihambelana nomlinganiselo womntu ngamnye we-3.33% ukuya ku-5.00%. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka abe neempahla ezingaphantsi kwe-100.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nesi sihloko uze uhlalutye kwiimathematika, funda idiversification eyaneleyo? .
Ulwahlulo olugqithiseleyo ngaphaya kweli nqanaba, ingakumbi kubantu abangenazo iingcali abangenazo izibonelelo kunye nexesha elifunekayo ukubeka iliso rhoqo imisebenzi yokusebenza kwamashishini ngokufunda ingxelo yonyaka kunye ne- 10-K yokufaka , iveza iingxaki ezilandelayo (phawula ukuba lo mda awusebenzi kulabo abajongene nomngcipheko we-arbitrage okanye ukuthengwa kweemali - mali ezisezantsi):
- Ukuchithwa okugqithisileyo kunokuba kukunciphise iMigangatho yezoTyalo-mali - xa unokongeza nayiphi na into kuyo kwiphothifoliyo yakho, unokukhululeka kakhulu ukukhulula imilinganiselo yakho eqinisekisiwe, enokuzimela , ngaloo ndlela ukwamukela inkampani enkulu okanye umngcipheko wexabiso . Kwenzeka, inxenye, kuba indawo nganye ibonisa ukuzinikela okuncinci. Umtyalo-mali weBillionaire uWarren Buffett wakhuthaza ukukhwabanisa ukuhamba malunga nale nto. Watshela abatyali-mali ukuba bacinge ukuba babe nekhadi lokupakisha elinemizila engamashumi amabini kuphela . Ngethuba elo xesha benza imali-mali, bekufuneka bahlasele enye yazo. Emva kokuba baphumelele kwimizila, abanakuze bathenge enye imali-mali yabo bonke ubomi babo. UBuffett uthe ukukhethwa kwezi zinto kuza kubangela ukuziphatha okunengqiqo kakhulu kuba abantu baya kufunda ngezinto ababeka imali yabo emsebenzini, okukhokelela ekuthathweni kokunciphisa ingozi kunye nezigqibo ezingcono.
- Ukuchithwa okugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukuba ungayigcini into oyenayo - ngaphandle kokuba uqeshe indlela yokuthutha i-soul soul, kuthathwa ukuba unganyanzelwanga kumanyathelo angqongqo, mhlawumbi uya kuba nexesha lokubeka ingqalelo kulowo nalowo utsalo-mali; ukuqaphela utshintsho lokwenene kwishishini elisebenza phantsi njengobunzima obubi kwiimigca okanye kwindawo yokukhuphisana de sele ichithe ixabiso langaphakathi.
- Ukuchithwa okugqithisileyo kunokukwenza ukuba uhlalutye iingcamango zakho ezigqwesileyo njengokuba indawo nganye ibe nefuthe elincinci kwiPortfolio - xa uqala ngokugqithiseleyo, umthamo wakho usasazeka kangangokuthi nokuba utyalo-mali olunzulu luba nempembelelo engqongqo kwixabiso leepoteliyo . Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lobunzima bebhanki, kwakucacile ukuba amaqela ambalwa ayeninzi, amaninzi amaninzi kunamandla abo abakhuphisana nawo; Iibhanti eziqinileyo zerwala, imiqathango eqinileyo yokubhala phantsi, ilahleko ezincinci. Ezi femu zahlulwa phantsi kunye nokuqhuma kakubi, iibhanki ezisezantsi. Kutheni umntu onengqiqo enokufuna ukuthenga zonke iibhanki ngokulinganayo okanye nakwezinye izicwangciso zokuqokelela ? Kutheni bengafuni ukubeka imali yabo eyimali enzima kwiyesine, okanye i-seventeenth idea engcono xa besenokungongeza kwiyabo yokuqala, ingcamango engcono ngaphandle kokuthatha ingozi enkulu?
- Ukuchithwa okugqithiseleyo kunokuthi kunokwandisa iindleko zakho - nangona oku akukhathazeki ngokwenene xa abatyali-mali begqithiseleyo, bathi, i-$ 500,000 kumgca we-asethi otyalo-mali xa iindleko zorhwebo kunye nezinye iindleko zibe yipesenti encinci yepotfolio, " U- $ 10 okanye ngaphantsi kwezorhwebo unokongeza xa ujongene neeninzi kunye nezikhundla ezininzi.
Kukho iindlela zokufumana ukuchithwa okuninzi ngaphandle kweendleko okanye ukuhlaselwa
Ukuba ufuna ukubamba iipotifoliyo ezahlukileyo ngaphandle kweendleko okanye ukuxhatshazwa kweendleko zokukhetha utyalo-mali ngabanye, unokufuna ukuqwalasela i- HOLDRs, iDayimane, i-Spiders, okanye enye imali-mali okanye i- index index . Uninzi lwezi ziqinisekiso zorhweba nje njengezifuyo kwiimarike ezivulekileyo kwaye luhlobo lwe -fund-exchangeed fund okanye i-ETF . Ukwahlukileyo kukuba, xa uthenge i- HOLDR , umzekelo, uzuze amaxabiso kwiinkampani ezininzi kwiinkampani okanye kwicandelo elithile. Abatyalomali abathengisa idayimani bathenga iqhezu yeesitokisini ezingama-30 ezenza i- Dow Jones Industrial Average ngokohlobo lorhwebo; uthenga iDow Jones. Ezi zixhobo ezinokubaluleka kwinqaba yakho yokwakha iphothifoliyo eyahlukeneyo ngokukhawuleza ngelixa kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokuthengiselana kunye neirhafu zemali.
Isaziso kwiPortfolio Rebalancing
Ngokuqhelekileyo, akufanele uphinde uthengise isitokethi nje ngenxa yokuba uye wenyuka kwixabiso. Kwihlabathi leentlobo ezahlukeneyo, imbono yento ebizwa ngokuthi "ukulinganisela" ifumene ingqwalasela enkulu. Ukuba izinto ezisemgangathweni zoshishino ( imida , ukukhula , isikhundla sokhuphiswano , ukuphathwa, njl.) Azitshintshi, kwaye ixabiso libonakala lifanelekileyo , kuyisidenge ukuthengisa ubambiswano lenye ibhizinisi elingenalo iimpawu ezifanayo nangona uye wavela njengengxenye ebalulekileyo yenani elipheleleyo lepotfoliyo yakho. Umphathi wemali olambileyo uPeter Lynch wabiza le ndlela, "ukusika iintyatyambo kunye nokuthambisa ukhula." Umtyalo-mali weBiliyoni uWarren Buffett uxelela ukuba, "isilumko esikhulu kwiWall Street," akunakuze uhambe uchithe inzuzo. "
Enyanisweni, umtyalomali othe waqala ukuthenga izabelo zeMicrosoft okanye iCoca-Cola njengenxalenye yephothifoliyo eyahlukeneyo yayiza kwenziwa iindowona ezininzi ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba ngaba beshiya nje ezo shishini ezihle kakhulu . Kukho umgaqo owodwa oyintloko wokutyalomali: Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imigaqo-siseko yoshishino iya kugqiba impumelelo yentlawulo yakho ukuba ukhuseleko luthengwa ngexabiso elifanelekileyo.
Okukuphela kwalomgaqo kulo mgaqo ndicinga ukuba unobulungisa xa usenza isigqibo sokuba awuzimisele ukubeka umngcipheko othile kwinkunzi ethile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ibhizinisi likhulu kangakanani, ungahle ukhululeke nge-10%, i-20%, okanye i-50% yempahla yakho. Kwiimeko ezinjengale, ukunciphisa ubungozi kubaluleke ngaphezu kokubuya ngokuthe ngqo.