Asebenza ngokuchasene nomdla wabo ngokwenza iimpazamo zobuwula, ezithintekayo.
Yiyo ukungabikho komsebenzi, ukuhlanganiswa nokungakwazi ukunamathela kwisiseko esisekelwe kwisiseko okanye esekelwe kwinkqubo yokuthengwa kwemali ngelixa uhlalutya ixesha lokuthengisa, ucacisa uphando olusuka kwizifundo ezivezwe yi-Morningstar kunye nabanye abonisa ukubuyela kwezimali-mali kubakho kude zibi ngaphezu kokubuyiselwa kwamasitokethi abo batyalomali abafanayo!
Enyanisweni, kwisifundo esinye, ngexesha apho amasheya abuyisela i-9%, umtyalo-mali uqobo wathola i-3% kuphela; kubonisa ukukhathazeka. Ngubani ofuna ukuhlala ngaloo ndlela? Uthabatha yonke ingozi yokuba neengqolowa kwaye ujabulele isahlulo somvuzo ngenxa yokuba uxakeke kakhulu uzama ukufumana inzuzo kwi-flip esheshayo kunokuba ufumane amaqumrhu amancinci angenisa imali enokukuhambisa ngemali kungekhona nje kwiminyaka ezayo, kodwa kwiminyaka emininzi kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, nakwizizukulwana njengoko uhamba kwiindawo zakho zokubamba abantwana bakho nabantwana babantwana ngokusuka kwinqanaba .
Ndifuna ukujongana nesithandathu sezona mpazamo eziqhelekileyo zotyalo-mali endazibonayo phakathi kwabatsha-mali abatsha okanye abanamava. Nangona uluhlu ngokuqinisekileyo alukho olubanzi, kufuneka lunike inqaku elifanelekileyo lokuqala ekukhuseleni ukukhusela malunga nezigqibo eziza kubuya kukukhohlisa kwikamva.
Ukuhlawula kakhulu i-Asset ngokumalunga nokuHluleka kweCash yayo
Naliphina utsalo-mali oyithengayo ekugqibeleni alufanelekanga, kwaye akukho ngaphantsi, ngaphezu kwexabiso langoku lokuhamba kwemali elihlawulelwayo liya kuvelisa.
Ukuba unayo ifama, ivenkile yokuthengisa, ivenkile yokudlela, okanye izabelo zikaGenerali zombane, yintoni ebaluleke kuwe yimali; ngokukodwa, into ebizwa ngokuba yi- look-through earnings .
Ufuna ukubandayo, imali ekhethiweyo ephuma kwi-treasury yakho ukuba isetyenziswe, inikwe inceba, okanye ibuyiswe kwakhona. Oko kuthetha ukuba, ekugqibeleni, ukubuya oya kufumana kwi-investment kuxhomekeke kwintlawulo ohlawula ngayo ngokumalunga nemali eyenzayo. Ukuba uhlawula intengo ephezulu, ufumana ukubuyela okuphantsi. Ukuba uhlawula intengo ephantsi, ufumana ukubuyela okuphezulu.
Isisombululo: Funda izixhobo zokuxabisa eziphambili ezifana nomlinganiselo we - P / E, umlinganiselo we - PEG , kunye nomlinganiselo we -PEG olungelelaniso . Yazi ukuba uthelekisa njani ukufumana isivuno somvuzo kwisitokhi kwixesha elide lokuthengisa isivuno. Funda isifundo seGordon Dividend Discount Model. Le nto yinto ebalulekileyo efunyenwe kwi-freshman finance. Ukuba awukwazi ukwenza oko, ungomnye wabantu abangenazo ishishini abanesitokethi ngasinye.
Kunoko, cinga ngeendleko eziphantsi kweendleko zokuxhasa imali . Nangona iifom zenkcazo ziye zatshintsha ngokukhawuleza indlela yazo kwiminyaka yamuva, ezinye iindlela endingazibangela ukulimaza kubaxhasi-mali bexesha elide njengoko ndicinga ukuba iziganeko eziphezulu kakhulu ziza kubakhokelela kwimbuyekezo engaphantsi kunokuba indlela yezembali yayiza kushiywa endaweni - into engenakwenzeka enikeziweyo sifinyelele kwindawo apho i-$ 1 kuzo zonke i-$ 5 ezityalomali kwiimarike zigcinwe kwiimali zenkcazo.
Eminye into elinganayo, asikho, kodwa, siwela iRubicon apho iingenelo zigqithiswe yizinto ezingalunganga, ngakumbi ukuba uthetha ngomtyalomali omncinci kwi-akhawunti ekhuselekile yerhafu.
Iimali ezithengayo kunye neendleko eziphezulu kakhulu
Ingaba utyalo-mali kwizibambiso , utyalo-mali kwizibophelelo , utyalo-mali kwiimali ezidibeneyo , okanye utyalo-mali kwi-estate , izindleko. Enyanisweni, baxabisa kakhulu. Ufanele ukwazi ukuba yiziphi iindleko ezifanelekileyo kwaye yiziphi iindleko azifanelekanga iindleko. Cinga ngamabini abatyala imali, elowo ugcina i-$ 10,000 ngonyaka kwaye ufumana i-8.5% yokubuyisela imali epheleleyo kwimali.
Iintlawulo zokuqala zihlawula i-0.25% ngokwefom yezinga lokuhlawula imali . Iyesibini zihlawula iifizi ze-2.0% ngokwefom yeefayili ezahlukeneyo zee-akhawunti, ii-commissions kunye neendleko. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 yokutyalomali-mali, umtyalomali-mali uya kuphelisa nge $ 6,260,560.
Umtyalo-mali wesibini uza kugqiba nge-$ 3,431,797. I-$ 2,828,763 eyongezelelweyo i-intanethi yokuqala inomdla iphela ngenxa yokulawula iindleko. Yonke idola uhlala uyi dollar eyanzela.
Xa oku kukhanyeka kukuba lo buhlobo bobuchule beemathematika luvame ukuqondwa ngabangenalo iqonde ngokuqinileyo kumanani okanye amava kunye nobunzima obunzima; ukungaqondakali okungabandakanyekanga ukuba ufumana i-$ 50,000 ngonyaka kwaye ube neepotfoliyo encinci kodwa oko kunokubangela ukuziphatha okunenene, ukuba unokuphelisa ngemali eninzi.
Ngokomzekelo, umgidi-mali oyenzayo ophethe iphothifoliyo yakhe ephethwe yindawo efana necandelo labhankini labucala be-Wells Fargo lihlawula ngaphezulu kwe-1% ngonyaka kwiimirhumo. Kutheni abantu abaninzi banama-million yezigidi zeedola ukukhetha iinkampani zokulawula i-asethi apho iindleko zabo ziphakathi kwe-0.25% kunye ne-1.50% ngokuxhomekeke kwimimiselo yegunya lotyalo - mali ?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi kwaye inyaniso kukuba, bayazi into ongenayo. Isityebi asifumani ngaloo ndlela ngokuba budenge. Kwezinye iimeko, bahlawula le ntlawulo ngenxa yomnqweno wokunciphisa ingozi ethile apho i-balance sheet yabo okanye isitatimenti se ngeniso sibonakala. Kwezinye iimeko, kuhambelana nemfuneko yokujongana nezicwangciso zerhafu eziyinkimbinkimbi, eziphunyezwe ngokufanelekileyo, kunokubangela ukuba izindlalifa zabo ziphelise ngobuncwane obuninzi nangona oko kuthetha ukugalela i-market.
Imbuyekezo yabo ingabonakala iphantsi kwiphepha kodwa ubuncwane bobubanzi bentsebenziswano buphela buya kuphelela phezulu kuba iifizi ziquka iinkonzo ezithile zokucwangcisa iindlela eziphambili ezingabandakanya izinto ezifana "nokutshitshiswa kweerhafu" ngeenkolelo zabanikezeli benkohlakalo.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, kubandakanya ukulawulwa kwengozi nokunciphisa. Ukuba unayo iphothifoliyo yakho ye-$ 500,000 kwaye unqume ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa iVanguard Trust division ukwenzela ukukhusela ezo zixhobo emva kokufa kwakho ngokugcina abaxhamli bakho ekuhlaseleni ibhanki ye-piggy, imali efanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo ye-1.57% iya kuhlawulisa yonke into yiba.
Ukuncenga kukubangela ukuba ugule imarike inelungelo kwaye ungazi. Abasebenzi baseVanguard baya kufuneka bachithe ixesha kunye nemigudu ehambelana nemigomo yethemba, ukukhetha ukwabiwa kwempahla phakathi kwemali yabo ukulingana neemfuno zemali engenayo ye-trust kunye neemeko zerhafu yomzuli, ukujongana iingxabano phakathi kwentsapho ephakamileyo phezu kwelifa kunye nokunye. Wonke umntu ucinga ukuba intsapho yabo ayiyi kuba yinye inani-ntlanzi engenanto engenakulinganiswa kwilifa elide lolwabalalayo kuphela ukubonisa ukuba alitshintshi kakhulu.
Abantu abakhalazayo malunga nale ntlobo yemirhumo ngenxa yokuba bangabikho bobunzulu babo baze bathathe into emangalisa xa i ntlekele ifihla inzuzo yabo kufuneka ifaneleke kwi-Darwin Award. Kwiindawo ezininzi ebomini, ufumana oko ufanelweyo kwaye oku akunjalo. Yazi ukuba yiyiphi imirhumo ixabiso kunye neyiphi imirhumo ayiyiyo. Ingaba yinto ekhohlakeleyo kodwa imiphumo iphakame kakhulu ukuyiyeka.
Ukungayithobeli Imiphumo yerhafu
Indlela obeka ngayo utyalo-mali lwakho unokuchaphazela yakho inetha elipheleleyo. Ukusebenzisa ubugcisa obubizwa ngokuba yi- aseset placement , kungenzeka ukuba unciphise kakhulu iintlawulo ozithumele kwi-Federal, State, noorhulumente basekhaya, ngelixa ugcina imali eninzi yakho ifumana imali engenayo , ulahle iindleko, inzala kunye neentlawulo zentsapho yakho.
Khawuqwalasele, umzuzwana, ukuba unongamela i-$ 500,000 iphothifoliyo yentsapho yakho. Ingxenye yemali yakho, okanye i-$ 250,000, i-akhawunti yomhlala-phantsi yomhlala-phantsi, kunye nesinye isiqingatha, kunye ne-250,000 i- akhawunti ye-akhawunti ye- vanilla. Kuya kudala ubuninzi obutyebi xa ubhala ingqalelo apho ugcina khona izinto ezithile. Unokufuna ukubamba iibhanki zikamasipala ezingenaserhafu kwi-akhawunti yerhafu yokurhafisa. Unokufuna ukubamba isabelo sakho esiphezulu sithengisa iimpahla ze-blue-chip kwi-akhawunti yomhlala-phantsi. Ulwahlulo oluncinci malunga nexesha, uvuselelwe, luphelile lukhulu ngenxa yamandla okuqulunqa.
Kuyafana nalabo abafuna ukuphuma ngaphandle kwezicwangciso zabo zomhlalaphantsi ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka eyi-59.5 ubudala. Awufumani isityebi ngokunika irhafu irhafu eminini ngaphambi kokuba ufune ukukhupha i-bill kunye nokubetha kwiimpawu zokugweba .
Ukungahoyi ixabiso lemali
Ndikuxelele amaxesha amaninzi kunokuba sinokubala ukuba ugxininiso lwakho lufanele lube kukuthengwa kwamandla . Khawucinge ukuba uthenge i-$ 100,000 eyi-30-year bonds eveza u-4% emva kwentela. Ubuyisela inzala yakho yenzalo kwiibhondi ezingaphezulu, uphinde ufumane ukubuyiswa kwe-4%. Ngelo xesha, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuqhuma 4%
Ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-30, akunandaba ukuba ngoku unayo i-$ 311,865. Kuya kusithengisa ngokulinganayo imali efanayo oyithengayo emashumi amathathu eminyaka ngaphambili nge $ 100,000. Utyalo-mali lwakho bekungaphumeleli. Uhambe iminyaka engama-30 - malunga neentsuku ezili-11 000 ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-27,375 unokwenzelwa ukuba unikwe imali-ngaphandle kokunandipha imali yakho, kwaye awufumani nto ngokubuyisela.
Ukukhetha Ixabiso Elixabisekileyo Ngorhwebo Olukhulu
Ingxelo yezemfundo, kwaye ingaphezulu kwekhulu leminyaka yembali, ukuba wena, njengotyalo-mali, mhlawumbi unokuba nethuba elingcono lokufumana ubutyebi obuninzi ngokuba ngumnini wequmrhu elihle kakhulu elincomekayo inzuzo ephezulu kunye nokukhuphisana okunamandla izikhundla, unikwe isitifiketi sakho sithengwe ngexabiso elifanelekileyo.
Oku kunyanisekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nendlela eyahlukileyo - ukufumana amashishini aphantsi, ahlaselayo alwa nomvuzo ophantsi kwi-equity kunye neentlawulo eziphantsi kwixabiso . Konke okulinganayo, ngaphezu kwexesha lama-30+, kufuneka wenze imali eninzi ephethe iqoqo edibeneyo yamasheya afana noJohnson & Johnson kunye noNestle bathengwe ngemali engama-15x kunokuba uthenga amabhizinisi agxininisekile kwimali e-7x.
Cinga ngezifundo ezininzi zamatyala endizenzayo kumafemu afana ne-Procter & Gamble, iColgate-Palmolive, kunye neTiffany neNkampani. Xa ukulinganisela kunengqiqo, umnini-nxaxheba wenza kakuhle ngokuthatha i-checkbook kunye nokuthenga ubunini bakhe ubuninzi kunokuba azame ukugxotha i -profit -rich -time -quick profit-time-runs . Kanye ngokubaluleka, ngenxa ye-quirk yeemathematika ndiyichaze kwingqungquthela yokutshala imali kwizabelo ze-oil majors, amaxesha okunciphisa amaxabiso ezabelo ngokwenene into enhle kubanikazi bexesha elide xa iinjongo zezoqoqosho ezisemgangathweni zisaqhubeka. Umzekeliso omhle wenhlabathi yi-Hershey Inkampani.
Kwakukho ixesha leminyaka emine kwangoko, xa isisigxina-sembiza, isitokheji ilahlekelwe ngaphezu kwe-50% yexabiso lentengiso elicatshulwayo nangona ukulinganiswa kwangaphambili kwakungenangqiqo, ishishini ngokwayo lenza kakuhle, kwaye inzuzo kunye nezihlawulelo zigcinwe kukhula. Abalimi abahlakaniphile abasebenzisa amaxesha anjalo ukuba baqhubeke nokubuyisela iindleko kunye ne-dollar indleko yokulinganisela, ukongezelela ubunini babo, bathambekele kakhulu, batyebile kakhulu ubomi. Imodeli yokuziphatha ozibona rhoqo kwiimeko zemali ezifihlakeleyo njenge- Anne Scheiber noRonald Read.
Ukuthenga Into ongaziqondiyo
Ilahleko ezininzi zinokuphetshwa xa abatyali belilandela enye, umthetho olula: Ukuba awukwazi ukuchaza indlela iimpahla zakho ezenza ngayo imali, kwizivakalisi ezibini okanye ezintathu, kwaye ngendlela elula ngokwaneleyo ukuba uvelise umbane ukuba aqonde imishini engundoqo, uhambe kude nesimo. Le ngcamango ibizwa ngokuba yi- Invest in What You Know . Kufuneka ungabi nanini-kwaye abanye bathi, akunakuze-uphambuke kulo.