Kuqhelekile kule mihla ukuva malunga nenkampani ephantsi kwengcinezelo evela kuba "abatyali-zimali" abafuna ukunyanzelisa utshintsho. Aba batyali-mali bahlala bebaphathi bamaziko abasebenzela ukufumana ipesenteji ezinkulu zezabelo zeenkampani, besebenzisa oko njengendlela yokuxhomekeka ekulawuleni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, aba batyali-mali bafuna iindawo kwibhodi yabalawuli beenkampani, kodwa bakhangele ukuba baphumelele kwicandelo loshishini lenkampani, okanye banxuse inkampani ukuba izithengise okanye ifumane enye inkampani.
Abathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzayo baye bakhula ngenani. Benza iimfuno ezingaphezu kwe-600 zeenkampani zikawonkewonke ngo-2015 kunye no-2016, ngokwemibiko evela kuMcKinsey & Company, ukubonisana kwezebhizinisi emhlabeni wonke. UMcKinsey uthi ekubeni ngasekuqaleni kuka-2017, bekukho malunga nama-550 alaba batyalo-mali bezentshabalali emhlabeni wonke, kwaye balawula ngaphezu kwe-180 billion yezigidi kwixabiso lezabanikazi.
Yintoni abatshali be-activist ababhekiselele kubanini ababelo-mali? Ingxowa exubekileyo. Kukho imizekelo emininzi apho iinzame zabo ziphumelele ekuphuculiseni ixabiso lesabelo sabasebenzi kunye nokwenza imali kumtyalo-mali oqhelekileyo. Kodwa kukho ubungqina bokuba abatshali-mali be-activist banako ukutshintshela ukutshintshwa kwexesha elifutshane kunokuba bathathe umbono omde oya kuba luncedo kubanini-zimali bemihla ngemihla.
Abatyalo-zimali abanomdla banokukunceda ukunika ilizwi kumasomali abaqhelekileyo, abanobuqabane abambalwa beenkampani ukuba babe nelizwi langempela kwizigqibo zalo.
(Ukuba unayo izabelo eziyi-100 ze-Apple ngaphandle kwe-5.1 bhiliyoni ekhoyo, umzekelo, awufumani ngqalelo ingqalelo kwi-CEO uTim Cook.) Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba abatshali-zimali abakhuseliyo abanalo iinjongo ezifanayo okanye utyalo-mali iinjongo njengommi ophakathi.
Iimfazwe eziPhambili
Kule minyaka, ininzi yabatyalomali abaninzi baye bafumanisa ingqalelo-kunye nobutyebi-ngokusebenzisa igunya lamashishini abo ukuba bafake izigqibo zenkampani.
Omnye wabatyalomali abatshabalalisi be-activist uCar Icahn, owafika kwindawo yesehlakalo kwiminyaka yee-1980 emva kokuba ubunjineli bathathe inzondo yeTransWorld Airlines baze bazuze ukuthengiswa kweempahla zeenkampani. Kule minyaka, uye wasebenzisa amandla akhe njengenini-mnikazi-mvume ukuba achukumise izigqibo zezinye iinkampani zehlabathi ezibonakalayo, kuquka i-Apple, eBay kunye ne-PayPal.
Enye ye-icahn yentshukumo yokugqibela yayikufumana i-10 yepesenti kwi-Dollar yentsapho, kwaye unxuse inkampani ukuba izithengise yona kumncintiswano weDolalar Tree. Emva koko wathengisa i-chunk enkulu yesigxobo sakhe kwinkampani, ngokwamkela izigidi zeedola.
Ngo-2012, i-Icahn nayo yadlala indima ekucindezelekeni kwe-Apple ukubuyisela inkunzi ethile kubanikazi abanini-zimali ngokwenza i- shareback buy share kunye nokukhupha izabelo.
Ezinye zeprojekthi ze-Icahn zenzeke ukuba zibonwe ngabalimi-zimali ngokwayo, ngamanye amaxesha zize zikhuphuke ne-Icahn kwiintengiso. Abanye abatshali bezentengo-mali bathengisa i-Starboard Capital, eye yalwa ne-Macy's ne-Yahoo! kwaye walwa nendlela yawo ukuya kuthatha i-Darden zokutyela; kunye no-Trian Partners, ngo-2017 balwela ukuba ne-CEO wayo uNelson Peltz abekwe kwibhodi yabalawuli be-Procter neGamble.
Impact Impact
Ingaba izenzo zentsha-zimali zentsha-nxaxheba zenza uncedo lokwenza imali yabanini-nxaxheba? Kwiimeko ezininzi, ewe.
Imizamo ye-Icahn ngokumelene ne-Apple yayingenakuqiniseka ukuba abantu abaneengxenye zeenkampani. Ixabiso lezabelo ze-Apple laphakama malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 ngaphezu kwekhosi ka-2012 kwaye liye laqhubeka liphakama ukususela oko.
Kwinqaku le-2016 kwi-Harvard Business Review, amagosa amabini axoxisana nenkampani yePwC yathi ezinye iinkampani zimele ziphulaphule abatshali-zimali kubasebenzi ngenxa yokuba bahlala bebuza imibuzo enzima kodwa efanelekileyo. Ingxelo yabakwaMcKinsey neNkampani, okwangoku, yathi, ukuba inkampani iqhuba ngokufanelekileyo nabatyalo-mali bezentshabalali, banokuthi bakhonze njengabacebisi abangacwangciswanga.
"Ukujonga le nto ngendlela engasongelayo, endaweni yokuba uchithe izigidi kwi-review review, ungayifumana enye inkululeko kumaziko atyala imali," uMcKinsey wabhala.
Nangona kunjalo, iphepha le-2015 ngabaprofesa bezentengiselwano base-Columbia University kunye neRyunivesithi yaseRutgers babonisa ukuxhalabisa ukuba iinkampani zityalomali ngaphantsi kophando nophuhliso ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kwabathengi bezentsha-zimali, abafuna ukufumana inzuzo kungekudala.
Kuyafaneleka kwakhona ukuphawula impembelelo yokuba nomntu omnye okanye iqela elilawula ubuninzi beenkampani. Xa umntu okanye iqela lootyalo-mali lithenga inani elikhulu lezabelo zesitokisi, ezinokunyanzela intengo phezulu. Kukulungele wonke umntu. Kodwa, oku kuthetha ukuba banako ukuthengisa amaxabiso amanani onke ngexesha elilodwa, ngaloo ndlela, ukunyusa amaxabiso ezabelo phantsi.
Abathathi-zimali abanomdla, banomdla wabo, kodwa akusiyo loo nto
Ukuba uyasindisa umhlalaphantsi, ufuna ukuba ixabiso le-stock likhuphuke, kodwa aziyi kuba nexhala malunga nokuba isitokethi senyuka ngokukhawuleza kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo okanye nangonyaka ozayo. Ngethuba nje ukuba kukho ukunyakaza ngokubanzi ngokuhamba kwexesha, uyavuya kakhulu. Ngamanye uhlangothi, abatshali-zimali, abanokukhathazeka ngokusebenza kwenkampani ngexesha elifutshane. Basenokufuna ukunyanzelisa utshintsho oluya kukhulisa ixabiso lesabelo ngokukhawuleza, ukuze bakwazi ukuthengisa izabelo kwinzuzo. Abatyalo-zimali abanomdla abachaphazelekayo ngokumalunga nokusebenza kwenkampani ezintlanu, ezilishumi okanye kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kwixesha elizayo. Yingakho abanye abagxeki baye bavakalisa ukukhathazeka ngenxa yokwahla kophando nophuhliso ngamashishini ajongene noxinzelelo kumtyalo-zimali.
Oku akuthethi ukuba abatshali-zimali abakwazi ukukwenza imali. Enyanisweni, utshintsho olwenziwa ngoku luyakwazi ukuhlawula ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elide. Kodwa gcinani engqondweni ukuba ezinye iinjongo zabatyalo-mali azinjalo ngokufanayo neyakho.