Amafama aseTshayina aqale akhula iesybeya malunga ne-1100 BC. Amafama aseJapan akhulisa i-oilseed kwinkulungwane yokuqala ye-AD. KwiNyakatho yeMelika, izityalo zokuqala zesoya zikhula eGeorgia ngo-1765. Amazwe ase-Plains ase-US aqala ukukhula ubhontshisi ngo-1851. IiSoybe zizinto zokutya zezolimo ezinokungahambi kakuhle kunye nokunyuka kwentengo kwiimbotyi zihlala zichaphazela ezinye iimarike eziziinkozo zokuqala ezifana nengqolowa nengqolowa.
Umqambi owaziwayo, uGeorge Washington Carver, wafumanisa ukuba ii soya ziyimithombo ephambili yeprotheni kunye neoli ngo-1904.
Imbali yokuqothula ubhontshisi kwimveliso ibuyele kwiCapever. Isondlo se-soybean, isisitye sokutya kwezilwanyana kunye neoli ye-soya, isitofu kwizinto ezininzi zokutya kunye neoli yokupheka, ziyimveliso ye-soybean. UHenry Ford wenza iiplastiki ngeesybeya kwaye ngo-1935 wasebenzisa ibhegi enye yeembotyi kuyo yonke imoto eyenziwa yiFoewe.
Ininzi yezinyosi zaseChina zanyamalala ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngelo xesha, abalimi baseUnited States baqala ukuvelisa isivuno kwizinga elikhulu kunye nokuveliswa kwe-US kuye kwanda kwiminyaka ukususela. Ngama-protein yezilwanyana ze-protein zango-1950 zaqala ukusebenzisa ukutya kwesoya ukuze zondle iinkumbi, iinkomo, iinkukhu kunye nee-turkeys. Namhlanje, ii-soybean ziveliswa kumazwe angama-31 ase-US apho kubangelwa phantse enye yesithathu yemveliso yesoya yonyaka kwihlabathi jikelele.
IiSoybe ziyiziqhamo ezinobuninzi bezityalo kunye neenkampani ze-soya ezifana no-Archer Daniels Midland, iCargill, iBunge, kunye nabanye bachitheka imveliso yezolimo ukuvelisa ioli kunye nesidlo.
Ngaphandle kwesoyela lokupheka, ioli evela kwi-crush inexanduva ekuveliseni igargarine, ukugqoka i-salad, i-mayonnaise kunye nezinye iimveliso zokutya. Ngaphandle kwesondlo sezilwanyana, umthamo ophezulu weprotheni weesyibheji usenza ube ngumzimba wokutya okuninzi odla ngabantu. IiSoybe ziphinde zivelise i- biodiesel fuel ecocekileyo nonobuthi .
Njengoko ubona, i-soybean iyisityalo esibalulekileyo kunye nemozulu yindlela yokugqibela yokumelana nexabiso lemveliso yezolimo.
IiSoybe ziThengisa ukuBhenca
Intengo yeesyayi ingaba nzima kakhulu ngamaxesha. Ndiyakhumbula xa ndiqala kuqala izinto zokurhweba kwiminyaka yama-1980, abahwebi bezilwanyana babehlala bethetha malunga nokuba "ubhontshisi kubantwana" kuthetha ukuba ixabiso lingakhuphukela kuma-13 engama-bushel. Iimveliso ezinokuthi zithande ukutsala umdla. Abacebisi bavame ukuthenga iimpahla ezinjengeesoya kwithemba lokuthengisa ngexabiso eliphezulu ngelixa elizayo xa bakholelwa ukuba intlawulo iya kuxabisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, baya kuthengisa okokuqala xa bakholelwa ukuba intlawulo iya kunqanda ukuzuza kwaye ibuyise ngentengo ephantsi kwixesha elizayo. Izabelo zexesha leSoybean kwi-Chicago Board yoRhwebo (CBOT) isahlulo seChicago Mercantile Exchange ( CME ). Abacebisi bavame ukuhlawula amaninzi kwiNgxelo ye- USDA ye- WASDE yenyanga .
Nangona kukho iingxoxo ezininzi malunga nenxaxheba yabalingisi kwizolimo nakwezinye iimarike ezifana nezotyiya, zikhonza umsebenzi obalulekileyo kwiimarike ezizayo. Abavelisi bathanda ukuthengisa iimveliso zabo xa amaxabiso aphezulu kwaye abathengi bakhetha ukuthenga xa amaxabiso aphantsi.
Abacebisi bavame ukurhweba kuwo onke amanani entengo obangela ukuthengiswa kwemali kwiimarike ngokusebenzisa umthamo wokuthengisa ovumela abavelisi nabathengi ukuba bahlasele iziphumo zabo kunye neemfuno kuwo wonke amaxabiso amanani. Ngoko ke, uhlobo oluthile lweengqungquthela zeesyayi ngeendlela ezininzi lisebenzela imboni yezolimo ngokubonelela ngempahla.
Umvelisi oPhambili weLizwe kunye noMthengisi
I-United States yiyona mveliso enkulu emhlabeni kunye nomthengisi weesybe. Abanye abavelisi behlabathi abakhulu baseBrazil , iArgentina, iChina, iIndiya, iParaguay, iCanada, i-Indonesia, iBolivia kunye ne-Italy. Abalimi batya i-soya ngexesha lonyaka we-spring kunye nokuvuna ekuwa. Ngexesha lehlobo, iifotyi zikhula zikhule. Ekubeni zikhona iintlanga kwiMntla neNtshonalanga yeNtlabathi eyenza ubhontshisi, zityalo kunye nemozulu ehlabathini lonke kunokuchaphazela amaxabiso.
Iimeko ezikhulayo kunye nemozulu eUnited States ukususela entwasahlobo ukuya kutsho ngamnye kunyaka kubaluleke kakhulu kumanani njengoko ubuninzi bemveliso yebhontshi evela kwi-US. Nangona kunjalo, iziganeko kunye nemeko kwamanye amazwe akhiqiza unokuchaphazela amaxabiso kwaye kubangela ukwanda ngokukhawuleza okanye kunciphise .
KwiRally Spring Rally ngo-2016
Umzekelo osandul 'umva wendlela imeko yemozulu ehlabathini jikelele inokuchaphazela ngayo amaxabiso afika entwasahlobo ka-2016. Ukuqala kwintwasahlobo, ukusweleka kweoli yesundu eqhutywe e-Asia ngenxa yeengxaki zemozulu ezisuka e- El Niño . Ukungaphumeleli kweoli yesundu kubangela ukwanda kweemfuno zeoli ye-soya kwaye ixabiso laqala ukunyuka. Emva koko, ngo-Apreli 2016 intengo yesidlo se-soya yaqala ukuqokelela xa iingxaki ze-soybean zaseBrazil kunye ne-South American ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwemozulu kwintlawulo. Ngo-Matshi 2016, ixabiso lexesha elizayo elisondelene ne-soya lalirhweba ngaphantsi kwe-$ 9 ngebhasi. Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ii-soybean zazithengisa ngaphezu kwama-$ 12 ngenxa yeemfuno zezolimo zaseMzantsi Melika kunye nokunqongophala kweoli yesundu e-Asia.
I-rally kwi-soybean yabangela ukuba kube negalelo kwezinye iimarike zezolimo. Ixabiso lentengo lihamba ukusuka kwi-3.50 yebhasi ngo-Ephreli 2016 ukuya kuma-4,40 e-Juni. Intengo yengqolowa iphakanyisiwe ukusuka kwi $ 4.46 ngo-Ephreli 2016 ukuya phezulu kuma-5.20 kwi-bhasile ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ingqolowa nengqolowa idityaniswe ngovelwano kunye neesyayi njengoko ukwesaba ukuba imozulu ejongene neMzantsi Melika iya kubangela imiba efanayo kunye ne-US kwezityalo ngexesha lokukhula ngo-2016. Nangona kunjalo, unyaka waba ngowona wesine ocacileyo wezityalo ezikhulayo kuzo zonke ezintathu Iingqolowa eziphambili kunye namanani ahambela ngaphantsi njengoko ixesha lokuvuna liza.
IiSoybe zikhokelela intengo yengqolowa kunye neengqolowa entwasahlobo ka-2016 kwaye zihlala zihlala ziba nefuthe lalawo amanye amaqhamo ngokukodwa xa kuziwa ngqolowa.
Ukhetho lweFama
Ngelixa i-US ngumlimi we-soya oholayo wehlabathi, naye ungumthengisi omkhulu weyona ngqolowa kwihlabathi jikelele. IiSoybe kunye nengqolowa zikhula kwiimeko ezifanayo ukwenzela ukuba unyaka ngamnye amafama abhekane nokukhethwa kweso sityalo ekukhuleni.
Abalimi banobuchule bezoqoqosho. Ngabantu abashishini kunye nabasetyhini abafuna ukudala ukubuyela okusemandleni ngamnye ngonyaka ngenxa yexabiso labo elibalulekileyo, umhlaba wabo. Unyaka ngamnye njengoko abavelisi bezolimo benza isigqibo malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa umhlaba wabo, baqhathanisa inani elitsha lezityalo kunye neesoya. Iimarike zexesha elizayo zinika i sixhobo esikhulu sokwenza izityalo zabo kwixesha elizayo kodwa libonelela ngesikhokelo malunga nokubuya kwezoqoqosho. Inkontileka entsha yesityalo yeesyayi yintsebenzo yesigqibo sexesha elizayo kaNovemba, kwaye kwingqolowa, ingumnkontileka ye-Future. Abalimi bavame ukujonga intengo yeesybe ehlulwe yintengo yengqolowa kwiivumelwano ezintsha zezityalo ukwenzela izigqibo ezixabisekileyo . Umgangatho osemgangathweni womlinganiselo we- corn-soybean kwiminyaka emine edluleyo sele ibe malunga ne-2.5 ibhasi yexabiso lesibini kwixabiso ngalinye lexabiso lebhontshisi. Xa umlinganiselo ungaphantsi komyinge, ingqolowa ibiza kakhulu kwizembali xa kuthelekiswa neembotyi. Xa kuthe ngaphezu komyinge, iiembotyi zibiza kakhulu kuneyona ngqolowa kwizembali. Abalimi bahlala befuna ukutshala, ukukhula nokuvuna isityalo esilixabisekileyo.
Njengoko unyaka we-2017 wokutyala eUnited States wasondela, umyinge wawuthengisa kwizinga eli-2.6 elithandayo ukutshala i-soya. Ngoko ke, kungenzeka ukuba abalimi baya kutshala iiembotyi ezingaphezulu kwendawo yokutya kwimbali ngexesha lonyaka we-2017 e-US
Imfuno iphakanyisiwe
Imfuno yazo zonke iinkozo zokuqala zikhula ngosuku ngalunye. Ngo-1960 kwakukho abantu abayizigidi ezi-3 kwizityalo ezityalwe emhlabeni kwaye ngo-2017 ihlabathi lonke lilonke lalingaphezu kwama-7.3bhiliyoni. Ukukhula koluntu kubonisa ukuba imihla ngemihla kunemilomo emininzi yokutya kwaye imfuno yeesayibheji zokuqala, ingqolowa, nengqolowa iyaqhubeka ikhula. Ihlabathi lixhomekeke kwizityalo zonyaka ukunyusa uluntu jikelele. Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka apho isivuno semveliso sisezantsi ngenxa yemozulu engafanelekanga okanye imeko ekhulayo, i-nafsi yeprayimari iyancipha kwixabiso elibi kakhulu. Ukutya okukrakrayo okubangela ukuba amaxabiso aphezulu abe nehlabathi ngeemfuno ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi bezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho nezentlalo.
Jonga i-Soybeans for Trends kwiMakethe yeMbewu
IiSoybe zihlala zikhokela kwiinkampani zezolimo. I-oilseed idonsa umdla oluninzi lwezinto ezinomdla ngenxa yembali yayo yokunyuka kwexabiso. Ngoko ke, sivame ukubona indlela ephumayo kwimarike yezolimo iqala ukuzityhila kwimakethe yexesha elizayo. Kubalulekile ukubukela intlawulo yamanyathelo kwi-soybean kumntu onomvelisi wezolimo, umtyalomali, okanye umhwebi njengoko ii soybean zihlala zibonelela ngeendlela zokuncincika kwexabiso lentengo.