Amabhanki aya kugcinwa iimfuneko - iifomiti ezaneleyo ukuhlangabezana nokuxothwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo. Ekupheleni kobusuku obunye, iibhanki ezithile ziwela ngaphantsi kwesi simfuno, ngelixa ezinye zinemali engaphezulu.
Amabhanki afuna ukukhulisa imali yawo ngobusuku obubodwa ebolekwa kwezinye iibhanki kwizinga lokuxhaswa kwemali.
Amaziko ezezimali aneminye indlela yokuboleka, enye leyo eboleka ngqo kwi-Federal Reserve nge "window window". Ireyithi apho iFed inika imali kwiibhanki ngokusebenzisa le ndawo iyaziwa ngokuthi "izinga lokunciphisa."
Iinkcukacha zeSaphulelo seRhafu
I-Fed ingakwazi ukulungelelanisa izinga lokunciphisa ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwesaxabiso semali. Isilinganiso sokunciphisa siphezulu kakhulu kunesondlo semali esondliwe, ngoko isetyenziswe njengesigqibo sokugqibela ngeebhanki ezifuna ukuboleka. Ngokomzekelo, ekuqaleni kuka-2012 isilinganiselo sokusaphuhlisa esiyinqanaba lalingu-0.75%, ngelixa ixabiso lemali elondliwe lijoliswe kwibanga ukusuka ku-0% ukuya ku-0.25%. Ababolekisi beBhanki bafuna ukufaka imali yokuboleka kwiwindow yokuphuhlisa, kwaye iibhanki zaseStar Reserve zikhethi ukuba zingenakwandisa umboleko wewindow.
Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2003, kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeentengo zemali ukuba amaziko e-deposit angakwazi ukufumana iwindow yeSaphulelo se-Fed: i-credit card, i-credit card kunye ne-credit card.
Ngayinye inomdla wayo. Ikhredithi yekondari idla ngokuphezulu ngaphezu kwekhredithi yeprayimari, ngelixa i-kredit yexesha lexesha iyancipha.
Ukuxhomekeka kuzo zonke iintlobo zeentengo zeentengo zemboleko yinjongo ye-Federal Reserve yokugcina i-depository institutionity liquidity kunye nokugcina amaziko athathaka kwiinkathazo.
Amaziko aphezulu kakhulu athola inzala ye-"credit card". Amaziko azinzileyo kodwa asebenzayo afumana isantya "seetyala lesibini", njengamaziko 'aneengxaki zemali ezinzima.' Inqanaba lesenzalo sonyaka, njengoko igama lithetha, linyanzeliswa kumaziko amancinci akhonza iimarike zengingqi kunye neemfuno zexesha elixhomekeke kwixesha, ezifana neebhanki ezisebenzela uluntu lwaseburhulumenteni okanye uluntu lwasekuhlaleni oluneenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zemali zonyaka.
Injongo ebanzi ye "Iwindow yokuXhawula"
Iwindow yesaphulelo ixutyushwa kwakhona kwiphepha le-Federal Reserve eli-2002, elicebisa ukuba injongo yalo kukuba:
- Ukwenza imali ifumaneke ngezinye izihlandlo zokugcina iimarike ezivulekileyo zingenelisekile ukuhlangabezana nokufunwa kwemfuno, kwaye
- Ukuncedisa "ukuzithemba ngokwezimali" amaziko athobileyo agweba i-akhawunti ye-overdrafts okanye i-short conservation requirements.
Kutheni i-Fed iyalungisa umlinganiselo wexabiso?
Njengokuba kunjalo nangenqanaba lemali ye - federal , iKomidi ye-Federal Open Market - ikomiti ngaphakathi kwi-Federal Reserve enquma umgaqo-nkqubo wenzala - ifuna ukuthintela amazinga omyinge ukwenzela ukufezekisa "igunya layo elibili" lokunyusa umsebenzi kunye nokunciphisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Xa ikomiti ifuna ukuxhasa ukukhula koqoqosho, ibeka izinga layo elijoliswe kuyo.
Ukunciphisa iindleko zemali, kwiingcamango, abantu abaninzi kunye namashishini baya kuboleka ukuze baqhube iiprojekthi - njengokwakhiwa kwepropati yoshishino, nto leyo eyenza abantu basebenze. Xa iFed ifuna ukunqanda ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, inokukwenza okuchaseneyo: ukuphakamisa izinga lentengo ukwenzela ukuba uhlise ukukhula.