Yiyiphi iPolisi yeMali?
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali "i-blanket-term used to describe the actions of banking central - eUnited States, i- US Federal Reserve , okanye" i-Fed. "I-Fed ibona ukuba ilandele imigaqo-nkqubo eyenzela ukuba inqanaba lomsebenzi kunye nokuzinza kwexabiso, kwaye lizimeleyo kwiimpembelelo zabapolisi (oko kukuthi, iCongress kunye noMongameli) .Ngo-Federal Reserve, umgaqo-mali usekwe yiKomiti ye- Federal Open Market , ehlangene namaxesha asibhozo ngonyaka ukuvavanya umgaqo-nkqubo.
Isixhobo esiyinhloko sisebenzisa iibhanki eziphambili ukubeka umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali zentsholongwane yeholide. EUnited States, oku kubhekiselwa kwinqanaba leemali ze-federal , okanye "ukondla imali" ngokufutshane. Ngokunyusa amaxabiso, ibhanki ephakathi iyakwandisa iindleko zembolekiso kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukunyathela umgangatho woqoqosho, okufuneka ukuba - kwinqanaba-uncedo olunokuba neengxaki zokunyuka kwamaxabiso . Ngokunciphisa inzala, ibhanki ephakathi iyanciphisa indleko yemali. Oku kukhuthaza uqoqosho ngokwenza kube lula kubantu ngabanye kunye namashishini ukuba aboleke imali, leyo leyo ivuselela umsebenzi wezoqoqosho ngokwenza kube kubi kakhulu ukuthenga indlu okanye ukuxhasa iprojekthi.
Ngokwesiko, iibhanki eziphambili azizange zifune ukulawula iirhafu zexesha elide , kodwa iimeko ezizodwa ezilandelelwano- mali zango - 2008 zenze ukuba i-Fed ibandakanyeke kwimigaqo-nkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi -easing easing (QE) kunye ne- Operation Twist . Ngamazinga asele ekhona, iFed yaphoqelelwa ukuba ithathe le ndlela ukuze inqande amaxabiso angamaxesha adlulileyo kwaye uncede uqoqosho luyifumaneke kwi-post-crisis crisis.
Iyintoni Umgaqo-nkqubo wezeMali?
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ubhekisela kwizenzo zikaRhulumente - kungekhona ibhanki ephakathi - njengento ehambelana nentlawulo kunye nokuchitha. Ingxoxo malunga nefuthe lomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kwi-intlonelo iye yaqhuma ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, kodwa ngokubanzi kukholelwa ukuba imali ephezulu yekarhulumente inceda ekuvuseleleni uqoqosho, ngelixa iindleko ezincinci zenza udoti.
Ngelo xesha, iirhafu eziphezulu zicingelwa ukunciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho , kanti iirhafu ezincinci zisinceda. Kwakhona, lo mbandela wengxoxo kunye neengcamango zihlala zihluka ngokusekelwe kwindawo yomntu kwiindawo zobupolitika.
Imali yekarhulumente ithonya njani uqoqosho? Ngokomzekelo, khawucinge ngolu hlobo lwezoqoqosho olucekisayo apho urhulumente ekhetha ukunyusa imali kwiindawo ezithile; Ngokomzekelo, ukwakha amabhuloho amatsha. Lo msebenzi ubeka abantu ukuba basebenze, kwaye nabo bachitha imali kwimpahla nakwiinkonzo, ezenza abantu abaninzi basebenze, njalo njalo. Olu hlobo lomgaqo-nkqubo lubizwa ngokuba "ukwandisa." Ngokuchaseneyo, isigqibo sokunciphisa iindleko zikaRhulumente "siyaphambana."
Phakathi komgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kunye neengxowa-mali, loo nto yangaphambili ibonwa njengeyona nto inempembelelo enkulu kwizoqoqosho, ngelixa umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ubonakala njengendlela engacwangcisi kakuhle yokuchaphazela umgangatho wokukhula.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yeMali kunye neNkxaso-mali ekuHlanganiseni ukuthintela uQoqosho
Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yemigaqo-nkqubo yezemali kunye neyezemali yinto engenziwanga kwiphandle. Kunoko, le mibini ibambisana kunye nefuthe kwiimeko zezoqoqosho. Ngokomgaqo-mali, iibhanki eziphambili ezifana neFed kufuneka zihlolisise indlela umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali uza kubachaphazela ngayo uqoqosho ukuze bakwazi ukulungelelanisa indlela yabo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngomgca ofanayo, iziphumo zezoqoqosho zezenzo zebhanki eziphambili - ukukhula okuphezulu kunye / okanye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu nokukhula okucothayo kunye / okanye ukunyuka kwexabiso elincinci - kunokuchaphazela indlela yabenzi bomgaqo-ntlawulo kunye neendleko zorhulumente.
EYurophu, ngokomzekelo, ukuwa kwetyala elivela kwingingqi yamatyala kufuna ukuba oorhulumente babandakanyeke kwi-belt-tightening-tightening, okubangela ukuba kube negalelo kwimigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthazayo yeBhanki Ephakathi YaseYurophu . Ngokufanayo, i-US Federal Reserve ikhankanyile ukuxhalabisa ngemali yokunciphisa imali yekarhulumente njengesinye sezizathu ezikhethileyo ukuqhubeka nomgaqo-nkqubo wokunciphisa okwexeshana ngekota yesine ka-2013, njengoko abatshali-mali abaninzi bekulindeleke ukuba baqale " ukufakela " umlinganiselo we-QE.
Indlela Umgaqo-nkqubo WeeRhulumente Uchaphazela ngayo Utyalo-mali Wakho
Isicwangciso esilungileyo sokutyalomali sichaphazela indlela yokubamba ngezandla apho izigqibo zisekelwe kwisithuba somntu-mali kunye nokunyamezela .
Xa uthe, oko kuhlawulela ukuba uqaphele imimiselo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kunye nemali enikwe impembelelo ekwandayo yezinto zombini kwi-market-market performance. Ngaphezulu kunini, amaxabiso amabini kunye nezibhonkco ziqhutyelwa ngutshintsho lwama-arhente kunye nomgaqo-bhanki-phakathi kwezinto eziqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke ukuhlawula ukugcina iliso kwiintloko ukwenzela ukuba ube nokuqonda ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni utyalo-mali lwakho lwenziwa njengabo. Ukujonga kwimiba echaphazela iimarike ezibophelelweyo, khangela igalelo lam elikhethekileyo, Imiba kwiindaba.