Phakathi kokutshintshwa okwakusetyenziselwa ukuba kwenzeke phakathi kobusuku ngomhla kaDisemba 31, 2012 kwakuphela ukuchithwa kwentlawulo yerhafu yexesha elidlulileyo kunyaka owedlule (kubangele ukwanda kweerhafu kwabasebenzi), ukuphela kwekhefu lokurhweba ezithile kwiimashishini, ukutshintsha enye irhafu yincinci eya kuthatha i-bite enkulu, i-backback ye "Bush cuts tax cuts" ukususela ngo-2001-2003, kunye nokuqala kweerhafu ezihambelana nomthetho kaMnumzana Obama.
Ngethuba elifanayo, ukuchithwa kwemali okuvunyelwene ngayo njengenxalenye yecala lokutsala kwetyala le-2011 - i-$ 1.2 trillion ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi-yayilungiselelwe ukusebenza. Ngokutsho kweBarron , iinkqubo zorhulumente ezingaphezu kwe-1 000 - kubandakanywa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye ne-Medicare " Kuzo zombini, ukunyuswa kweerhafu kubonwe njengomthwalo omkhulu kwizoqoqosho.
Ulawulo lweCompff Cliff Deal
Kwiiyure ezintathu ngaphambi kobusuku bobusuku ngoJanuwari 1, iNtloko yeSivumelwane yavuma ukuba idibanise ukukhupha i-cliff. Ingqungquthela yeSenethi yadlula iiyure ezimbini emva komhla wokugqibela, kwaye iNdlu yabaBameli ivume le ntlawulo emva kweeyure ezingama-21. Urhulumente wabuyela "phezu kweentaba," kuba iinkcukacha zokugqibela azizange zihlulwe emva kokuqala koNyaka omtsha, kodwa utshintsho olufakwe kule mpahla luye lwabuyela emva kuJanuwari 1.
Izinto eziphambili ze-akhawunti zi: ukwanda kwerhafu yokuhlawula iipesenti kumaphuzu angama-6.2% kwimali engenayo ukuya kuma-113,700, kunye nokuguqulwa kweentlawulo zerhafu zabasebenzi abangaphezu kwama-400,000 kunye nezibini ezenza imali engaphezu kwama-450,000 (oku kuquka izinga eliphezulu libuya ukusuka kwi-35% ukuya kwi-39.5%).
Ingeniso ye-Investment ichaphazelekayo, ngokunyuselwa kwerhafu kwintlawulo-mali ukusuka kwi-15% ukuya kwi-23.8% yeefayile kwi-bracket engenayo engenayo kunye ne-3.8% yokuxhaswa kweengxowa-mali kubantu abafumana imali engaphezu kwama-200,000 kunye nezibini ezenza ngaphezulu kwama-250,000. Idibaniso linika abakhokheli berhafu base-United States ngokuqinisekileyo ngokumalunga neerhafu ezingaphantsi , kunye nenani leentlawulo ezikhethiweyo zerhafu - njengokukhutshwa komdla kwiibhanki zikamasipala - zihlala kwindawo.
I-Ofisi yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali i-Congressional Budget iqikelele ukuba isicwangciso samanje siquka i-330.3 yezigidi kwimali emitsha kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, kwaye iya kwandisa ukulahlekelwa ngu-3.9 trillion ngaphaya kwelo xesha kungakhathaliseki ukuphakamisa irhafu kwi-77.1% yemindeni yase-US. Iingxelo zeBloomberg, "Amaphesenti angama-80 eemali ezinemali phakathi kwama-$ 50,000 kunye needola ezingama-200 ziza kukhokhela irhafu ephezulu. Phakathi kwezindlu ezijongene neerhafu eziphezulu, ukunyuswa okuqhelekileyo bekuya kuba ngu-1,635. Ukuncipha kwezoqoqosho, kuvunyelwe ukuba kuphele ngo-Disemba 31. " Ukwanda kwenani lepesenti kwerhafu yokuhlawula kulindeleke ukuba ithathe malunga ne-$ 120 yezigidigidi kwezoqoqosho, okuya kuba nefuthe elibi malunga neesishumi ezisixhenxe zepesenti enye yokukhula kweGDP .
Ingaba I-Deal Yifeza Nantoni na?
Isivumelwano seentlupheko zezimali ziindaba ezilungileyo ngandlela-thile, nangona akufanelekanga ukuba abagwebi babenemizuzu engama-507 (ukususela kwisivumelwano sokutsalwa kwetyala ka-Agasti 2011) ukujongana nale ngxaki, kodwa beza kufika kwiiyure zokugqibela ngaphambi kokuba bakwazi ukufikelela kwisisombululo-umthwalo ongeyomfuneko, ozimeleyo ngokwawo kwezoqoqosho nakwiimarike zemali . Ngaphezu koko, isivumelwano sisetyenziswe kuphela kwingeniso yerhafu (irhafu) kodwa ihlehlise naluphi na ingxoxo yokuchithwa kwemali-oko kuthiwa "umcebisi" -de kube ngoMatshi 1.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba irhafu ephezulu yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwintlambo, kwaye iirhafu ziyakwenyuka njengenxalenye yolu daba. Nangona ingxaki ke, "isisombululo" (ngoxa umgca wokugqibela usuphelile), inxalenye yeenkxalabo ezinxulumene nenqanawa yafika ngokwenene. Kwaye ngexesha elide, i-cliff deal ayinanto yokujongana nomthwalo wetyala lomhlaba.
Ingxabano yeCompff Cliff ka-2012
Xa bejongene neengcingo zezimali, abameli be-US banokukhetha phakathi kweendlela ezintathu, akukho nanye apho yayinomtsalane ngakumbi:
- Baye bakwazi ukuvumela iipolisi ezicwangciselwe ekuqaleni kuka-2013-ezibonisa ukunyuka kweerhafu kunye nokuchithwa kwemali ebekulindeleke ukuba kube bunzima kakhulu ekukhuleni kwaye mhlawumbi iqhube uqoqosho ngokubuyela kwimpumelelo - isebenze. Icala elidibeneyo: ilahleko yayiya kuwa phantsi kakhulu kwemithetho emitsha.
- Baye bakwazi ukukhansela ezinye okanye zonke iirhafu zokunyuswa kweerhafu kunye nokuchithwa kwemali, okuya kubongeza ukungaphumeleli kunye nokwandisa iingxaki ukuba iUnited States ibhekane nengxaki efana neyo eYurophu . Icala le-flip le, ngokuqinisekileyo, kukuba ityala le-United States liya kuqhubeka likhula.
- Baye bathatha ikhosi ephakathi, bekhetha indlela eya kujongana nemicimbi yebhajethi kumlinganiselo othile, kodwa loo nto yayiya kuba nefuthe elincinci ngakumbi ekukhuleni. Le nto ekugqibeleni ikhefu elikhethiweyo loomthetho kwisivumelwano esiphathwe ngoDisemba 31, 2012.
Inkcazo yezemali yayikuxhalabisa abatyalo-mali kunye nezoshishino ukususela ngobunzima bezopolitiko ezenza ukuba kube nzima ukufikelela. Abenzi bomthetho babeneminyaka engaphezu konyaka ukulungisa le ngxaki, kodwa iCongress - ixakeke kwi-gridlock yezopolitiko - icime ukukhangela isisombululo kuze kube yimizuzu yokugqibela kunokuba ifune ukusombulula ngqo ingxaki.
Ngokubanzi, amaRiphabhlikhi ayefuna ukunciphisa iindleko kwaye agweme ukukhupha irhafu, ngelixa iidemokhrasi zafuna ukudibanisa ukuchitha imali kunye nokwanda kweerhafu. Isiphumo solu tshintsho kukuba ukukhula koqoqosho kuya kucetyiswa ngokuthobeka, kodwa ilizwe aliyi kuhlangabezana nokuhla kwezomnotho olunzima xa kwakufuneka ukuba yonke imithetho ehambelana nokucima imali iphumelele.
Iimeko ezimbi kunazo zonke
Ukuba imithetho yangoku ihlelwe ngo-2013 ibe ngumthetho, impembelelo kwezoqoqosho iya kuba yinto emangalisayo. Ngoxa ukuhlanganiswa kweerhafu eziphezulu kunye nokuchithwa kwemali kunokunciphisa ukulahleka ngokwe-estimated $ 560 billion, i-CBO iqikelele ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo uza kunciphisa umkhiqizo owenziweyo wekhaya (GDP) ngamaphuzu amane eeprojekti ngo-2013, ukuthumela uqoqosho kwimpumelelo (oko kukuthi , ukukhula okubi). Ngelo xesha, kwaxelwa ukuba ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kuza kuphakama malunga nepesenti epheleleyo, kunye nokulahleka kwemisebenzi yezigidi ezimbini.
I-Wall St Journal ibhokisi ukusuka ngoMeyi 16, 2012, iqikelelwe ngempembelelo elandelayo kwiingxelo zeli dola: "Kukho konke, ngokuxutyushwa ngu-JP Morgan umnonimandla uMichael Feroli, i-$ 280 yezigidigidi ziyakususwa kwi-economic by sunsetting utyalo lweerhafu; Iiligidi eziyi-125 zamawaka ezigidi ukusuka ekupheleni kweeholide yerhafu ye-Obama; Iigidi ezigidi ezingama-40 ukusuka ekupheleni kweengqesho ezingxamisekileyo zengqesho; kunye ne-$ 98 billion kwi-Budget Control Act. Kukho konke, ukunyuswa kweerhafu kunye nokuchithwa kwemali kwenza malunga ne-3.5% ye-GDP, kunye ne-Bush tax cuts eyenza malunga nesiqingatha sazo. "Phakathi kokubuyiswa kwe-fragile kakade kunye nokungaphumeleli kwemisebenzi, uqoqosho lwungekho kwindawo yokukhusela oku uhlobo lokutshitshiswa.
Ixesha elithi "Cliff" lalikhohlisa
Kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba ngelixa igama elithi "intlanzi" libonise inhlekelele ngokukhawuleza ekuqaleni kuka-2013, oku kwakungekho yinkomfa ebini (umphumo wesibini) oya kupheliswa kwisisombululo esipheleleyo okanye ukusilela ngokupheleleyo ngoDisemba 31. Kwakukho izizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuba kutheni le nto:
1) Ukuba yonke imithetho yaqalisa ukusebenza njengoko ihleliwe kwaye ihlala isasebenza, umphumo uya kuba yinto yokubuyela kwimali. Nangona kunjalo, amathuba okuba loo nto ayifumaneke ukuba ifikeleleke yayincinci nangona ubude bexesha lithatha ukufikelela kwisivumelwano.
2) Nangona loo nto ingazange ivele ngaphambi kuka-Disemba 31, iCongress yayinokukhetha ukutshintsha imithetho ehleliweyo ngokukhawuleza ngoJanuwari 1 emva komhla wokugqibela.
Ngalokhu njengemvelaphi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula engqondweni yokuba imbono yokuba "ukuwela phezu kwenqwelomoya" yayiyinxalenye yokudalwa kwamabonakude ukususela nangona ukuhluleka ukufikelela kwintsebenziswano ngoDisemba 31 akuzange kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukunyuka kwemali kunye nokunyuka kweemarike zezemali kuza kwenzeka.