Ukuze ufumane ingqondo engcono yoko kutheni oku, kukunceda ukuqonda izinto ezixhasa ukulinganiswa kwekhredithi yomniki-mboleko.
Ukulinganisa kunikwe i-arhente ye-credit rating efana ne-Standard & Poor's, i-Moody's, ne-Fitch, kwaye isekelwe kwimeko yokuba umkhupheli uya kufezeka, ngokusekelwe kwimpilo yezemali kunye nethemba elizayo. Ngokomzekelo, ii-arhente ziya kuhlola izinto ezinje:
- Amandla kwiphepha lokulinganisela; ngokukodwa, ityala layo lilonke kunye namandla ayo okwenza imali
- Ubuchule bayo bokuncedisa amatyala abo ngokusebenzisa imali ekhohlokileyo emva kokuba iindleko zisuswe kwiimali
- Iimeko ezikhoyo zoshishino-ezibandakanya ukukhula kweengeniso, ukukhula kweengeniso, njl njl kunye nenkalo yayo yesikhathi esizayo, kubandakanye nempembelelo enokubakho kwimizila yezentengiselwano, ummandla wolawulo, umthwalo wayo werhafu, ukukwazi ukulwa nobunzima bezoqoqosho, njl njl.
Ii-arhente zihlawula umrhumo ngamnye kwinqanaba leleta ngokusekelwe kwezi zinto kunye nezinye izinto. Ukulinganisa kwahluka phakathi kwezinye i-arhente ezintathu, kodwa i-AAA ye-Fitch kunye ne-S & P, i-Aaa ye-Moody's-ibonisa ukuba inkokhelo ebolekayo ayinakwenzeka ukuba ayikho phantsi kwamatyala ayo.
Indlela zeeNkampani ezine ze-AAA zifumana ukulinganisa okuphezulu kunokuba uRhulumente
Ngenxa yokunyuka kwetyala, ukuhlahloka kweebhajethi okuqhubekayo kunye nomlinganiselo ohlahloleyo we-debt-to-GDP , iUnited States ayisabonwa njengokuba unikezela ngezinga elifanayo lokukhuseleko lwangexesha elide lenzeni nje ngoku nje emva kwee-1990. Ukususela kumbono wokulinganiswa kweentengo zemali, umcimbi obalulekileyo ukwenzeka ngo-Agasti 2011, xa i-Standard & Poor idilize iUnited States kwi-debt ye-US ekhutshwe kwi-AAA ukuya ku-AA +.
Isizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba i-S & P icacise ukutshatyalaliswa kwayo kwakuyizinga eliphantsi lokubikezela kwimifanekiso yezombusazwe yase-US, eyabangela ukungaqiniseki ukuba ukudibanisa okuhambelana nemiba efana nokufakwa kwetyala .
Eyodwa, ukuhlawulwa kwemali kwakungekho mpe mbelelo entengiso. Amanye amaarhente amabini agcina ukulinganisa kwawo okuphezulu, kwaye i-S & P ngokwayo ihlukanisa umahluko phakathi kwe-AAA ne-AA njengokuba "amandla anamandla kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo zemali" ngokubhekiselele "kumandla onamandla" ukwenza njalo.
Nangona kunjalo, inyaniso yokuba i-USA ayinakho ukufumana isithuba esiphezulu kuzo zonke iarhente ezintathu, kanti iMicrosoft, ExxonMobil, kunye noJohnson & Johnson bonke bagcina loo ndawo, ithetha ukuba iinkampani ezine zibonwa njengengozi engaphantsi kwekhredithi kunoRhulumente . Le nzuzo ichanekile ngolu hlobo lokuba zonke iinkampani zineenkcukacha ezingaphezulu kweetyala ezingaphezulu kwelizwe lonke. Ngelo xesha, kunjalo, iUnited States inekhono "lokwenza imali" okanye ukuhlawula ityala layo ngokushicilela imali- into enokuthi ayinakutsholwa kwiinkampani.
I-AAA Isilinganisi Akusiyo yonke into
Xa kuthelekiswa neebhonkco zale mibutho kwi- Treasury yase-US , kubalulekile ukugcina imiba embalwa engqondweni:
- Nangona ezi nkampani ezine ziphakanyiswe kakhulu kunoburhulumente base-US, ziyaqhubeka nokunikela izivuno eziphezulu ukususela kwiibhanki zenkampani zorhweba kwisivuno esiphezulu kunezibophelelo zikaRhulumente. Le galethi yaziwa ngokuba " isivuno esasasazekayo ." Ngenxa yokuba ezi nkampani zinamandla kakhulu - kwaye ngenxa yoko zingekho phantsi komngcipheko wokungagqibekanga - ukusabalala kwazo ngokuqhelekileyo kuncinci kunobungakanani boshishino oluqhelekileyo.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ixabiso eliphakanyisiweyo ngumkhuphili, ukuqhutyelwa kweebhanki zayo-ikakhulukazi imiba yesikhathi eside- ichaphazelekayo yengozi yomyinge kunye neengozi zemboleko. Ngamanye amagama, ngenxa yokuba isibophelelo sibalwa i-AAA ayithethi ukuba umtyalomali ukhuselekile kwiimpembelelo zokutshintsha kweenqununu.
- Nangona i-AAA ibona liphezulu, iibhondi ezilinganiswe i-AA okanye okulinganayo zikhuseleke kakhulu ngokwemfuneko yokungalindelekanga. Nangona kukho iinkampani ezine kuphela ezilinganiselwe i-AAA, oko akuthethi ukuba akukho buninzi beebhondi ezingaphandle kweli qela ezilinganayo ngokukhuselekileyo.
Inqaku lokugqibela
Ukulinganisa, ngelixa liluncedo, alukho kuphela uhlolisiso lomtyalomali kufuneka abe nayo xa ekhetha ubophelelo. Kwiwebsite yayo, i-Standard & Poor inikezela ngolu hlobo lwengxelo, olujoliswe njengento yokukhutshwa komthetho kodwa inika icebiso elifanelekileyo: "Nangona ubungakanani bentengo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphononongeni utyalo-mali, ayikwazi ukubonakalisa njengeyona ndlela yodwa yokutsalwa kwemali-mali. Ekuhloliseni ukuthengwa kotyalo-mali, abatyali-mali kufuneka baqwalasele uluhlu oluninzi lwezinto, kubandakanywa ukwenziwa kwamanje kweeposfoliyo zabo, isicwangciso sabo sokutyalomali, kunye nexesha elide, ukunyamezela kwabo ingozi, kunye nokuqikelelwa kwexabiso lexabiso loxanduva ngokumalinganisa nezinye izibambiso abanokuzikhetha. "