Izinto ezi-5 eziTyalo-mali kufuneka bazi ngeMali yeMatriki
Iimali eziMatyala ziPhezulu ziThutyelwe
Iimali-mboleko eziphezulu zithiwa ngokuba ziphezulu "zakhiwo ezinkulu," oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba inkampani ingaphumeleli, abatyali-mali kwiimali-mboleko eziphezulu baqala ukuhlawulwa. Ngenxa yoko, abatyala-mali-mboleko abaphezulu bafumana ngokutsha imali yabo ngokutsha. Iimali-mboleko eziphezulu zigcinwe ngokubambisa njengempahla, oko kuthetha ukuba kuthathwa njengengozi encinane kunezibophelelo eziphezulu .
Akunalo Mngcipheko
Ezi ntlobo zemali-mboleko zenziwe ngokukodwa kwiinkampani ezinokubaluleka kwebakala lokutshala imali , ngoko ke izinga leengcipheko zemali-mboleko (oko kukuthi, isantya apho utshintsho lweemeko zemali zabathengi luya kuphazamisa intengo yamatyala) iyafana ephakamileyo. Ngokucacileyo, iimali-mboleko eziphezulu ziphezulu kunezibophelelo zoshishino-mali-mali , kodwa zingaphantsi kancinci kunezibophelelo eziphezulu.
Kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba ukulinganiswa kweli candelo lemakethe kunokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza.
Ukususela ngo-Agasti 1 ukuya ku-Agasti 26, 2011, ixabiso lentengo yesikhwama esikhulu sokuthengisa-ntengiso (ETF) esenza imali kwiklasi ye-asethi, i-PowerShares Senior Loan Portfolio (i-ticker: BKLN), yawa ukusuka kwi-$ 24.70 ukuya kwi-22.80 ukuya kuma- - ukulahleka kwe-7.7%. Imali mboleko yeBhanki yawa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha leengxaki zemali ka-2008.
Ngamanye amagama, ngenxa yokuba iimbophelelo "ziphezulu" ayithethi ukuba azinako ukuthobeka.
Iintsikelelo ezikhangayo
Ekubeni uninzi lwezi mboleko zebhanki eziphezulu zenziwa kwiinkampani ezibalwe ngaphantsi kwebakala lotyalo-mali, iziqinisekiso zivame ukuba nezivuno eziphezulu kunezibophelelo eziqhelekileyo zokutyalomali. Ngethuba elifanayo, ukuba abanini bemali-mboleko yeebhanki baya kuhlawulwa ngaphambi kokuba abatyali bezintambo xa kwenzeka ukutshatyalaliswa kuthetha ukuba bafumana isivuno esincinane kunezibophelelo ezivunyiweyo. Ngale ndlela, ukubolekwa kwemali mboleko kuphakathi kwamabhonkco ebhanki-mali kunye neentlobo eziphezulu zokuvunyaniswa kwimiba yengozi kunye neziphumo ezilindelekileyo . Izibophelelo eziphezulu zezivuno zidla ngokuba zibizwa ngokuthi "izibopho ezingenanto."
IiNkcazo eziManzi
Inxalenye ephosakeleyo yemali-mboleko yebhanki kukuba banamazinga atyhulayo ahlalutya phezulu ngokusekelwe kwisilinganiselo sokubhengeza njenge-London Interbank Off Rate, okanye i-LIBOR. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inqaku elijikelezayo liya kunikezela isivuno esifana ne "LIBOR + 2.5%" - oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba i-LIBOR yayingu-2%, umboleko uza kunika isivuno se-4.5%. Iirhafu kwiibhanki zebhanki zilungiswa ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenyanga okanye ngekota.
Inzuzo yesantya esantantayo kukuba inikeza into yokukhusela ekukhuleni kwamazinga omyinge wexeshana .
(Gcina ingqalelo, ixabiso lesibhondi liwela xa kuveliswa isivuno ). Ngale ndlela ekhethekileyo, basebenza ngokufanayo kwi-TIPS (i-Treasury Investor-Protected Securities), ukubonelela ngokukhusela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. izinga lokuvavanya lncedile ukwenza iimali-mboleko eziphezulu kwiindawo ezithandwayo kubalimi-mali.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba izivuno zemali-mboleko eziphezulu azihambelani kunye neNondyebo, kodwa kunokuba i-LIBOR - ireyithi elifutshane elide elifana nexabiso lemali elondliwe .
Ukubonelela ngeDissification
Ekubeni i-mboleko ephezulu ihlala ingabonakali kakhulu kunamanye amacandelo eemarike zontengiso, zinokunika idideji yeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo kwi-portfoliyo engenayo.
Imali-mboleko yeBhanki ineentsebenziswano eziphantsi kakhulu kunye ne-marketer ebanzi kunye nokungahambelani okubi kunye noNondyebo base-US- oko kuthetha ukuba xa amaxabiso omabhondi karhulumente ehla, ixabiso lemali-mboleko ephezulu liyakwazi ukunyuka (kunye nenye indlela).
Ngenxa yoko, iklasi ye-asethi inikezela abatyalo-mali ngendlela yokuthatha isivuno kwaye banokunciphisa ukungazithobeli kwepotfolio. Oku kubonisa ukuchithwa kwenyaniso-utyalo-mali onokukunceda ukuzalisekisa injongo (ingeniso) kodwa ushukunywe ngendlela ebonakalayo ngokuzimeleyo ukusuka kwenye intalo-mali kwipotfoliyo yakho.
Indlela yokuTyala imali kwiimali eziMatriki
Nangona ukuqinisekiswa komntu ngamnye kungathengwa ngabathengisi, ngaba kuphela abatyali-mali abanokwedlula - abanokwenza uphando lwabo olunzulu lwekhredithi-kufuneka bazame indlela enjalo. Ngethamsanqa, kukho ininzi yeemali ezazisetyenziselwa ukutyala kule ndawo, uluhlu olupheleleyo olufumaneka kwi-intanethi. Ukongezelela, i-PowerShares Senior Loan Portfolio - i-ETF ekhankanywe ngaphambili - inikezela ukufikelela kweli nqanaba le-asethi, njengenqanaba le-SPDR Blackstone / GSO ephezulu ye-ETF (SRLN), i-Highland / iBoxx ye-Senior FUND ETF (SNLN), kunye ne-First Trust yeMali ephezulu ye-ETF. (FTSL).
Ngemali ayinikezeli irhafu, utyalo-mali, iinkonzo zemali kunye neengcebiso. Ulwazi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iinjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela ngengozi okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu.