I-Interest Interest Bond Inzala
Okokuqala, makhe siqwalasele ezinye zeemeko ezikhokelela kwizinga eliphezulu.
- Ukwanda koqoqosho oluqinileyo
- Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso
- Ukukhula okulindelekileyo ukuba i- Federal Reserve izakuphakamisa amaxabiso atshanje kwixesha elizayo
- Iimfuno ezinobungozi eziphakamileyo, okubangela ukuba abatyali-mali bathengise imali-mali engaphantsi kweengeniso-mali (eziqhuba amaxabiso, kunye namaxabiso aphantsi) kunye nokuthenga izibophelelo eziphezulu (eziqhuba amaxabiso kunye namaxabiso aphezulu).
Ngaloo nto engqondweni, nango-6 iintlobo-mali ezihlukeneyo zokuqwalasela xa ukhangele ukukhuselwa xa kukho naziphi na iimeko ezingentla apha zikhupha amaxabiso:
Iibhonki zeeNqanaba eziManzi
Ngokungafani ne-bond-vanilla bond, ehlawulela izinga elimisiweyo lomndilili, umthamo ojikelezayo unomlinganiselo ochanekileyo ohlaziya ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukuxhamla kwiibhondi ezihambayo, xa kuthelekiswa nezibophelelo zendabuko, kukuba umngcipheko wezinga lomdla ususwe kakhulu kwi-equation. Nangona umnini we-bond-rate rate engaguqukiyo enokubandezeleka xa kuthe kwenyuka izinga lentengo yemali, amanqaku ajikelezayo amanqaku angakhokhela isivuno esiphezulu xa amaxabiso amaninzi ekhuphuka.
Ngenxa yoko, bavame ukwenza ngcono kunezibhondi zendabuko xa amazinga enzala ekhulayo.
Iibhondi zexesha elifutshane
Iibhondi zexesha elifutshane azinikezi zivuno ezifanayo njengabahlobo babo bexesha elide, kodwa banika ukhuseleko olungakumbi xa amaxabiso eqala ukunyuka. Nangona neemeko zemizuzu emfutshane zinokuchaphazeleka ngokunyuka kwamazinga, impembelelo ininzi ngakumbi ngaphandle kokubanjiswa kwexesha elide .
Kukho izizathu ezibini zezi zinto: 1) ixesha lide likhule ixesha elide ukukhula ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngexesha lobomi bhondi liphantsi, kwaye 2) iibhondi zexesha elifutshane zinomlinganiselo ongaphantsi, okanye ubuninzi bezinga lentengo kunetyala lexesha elide.
Ngenxa yoko, ukwabiwa kwetyala lexeshana kunokunceda ukunciphisa impembelelo yokuba ukunyuka kwamazinga kunakho kwipotfolio yakho yonke.
Iimali eziPhakamileyo
Izibophelelo eziphezulu ezivunayo zisesiphelweni somngcipheko we-spectrum engenayo, ngoko ke into ephikisanayo nayo ingakwazi ukuphumelela ngexesha lokunyuka kwamazinga. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko omkhulu okhupha umvuno ophezulu ngumngcipheko wesikweletu , okanye ithuba lokuba umniki-mali angenako. Izibophelelo eziphezulu zokuvunwa, njengeqela, zinokubamba kakuhle xa amaxabiso ekhulayo ngenxa yokuba bathambekele ekubeni nexesha eliphantsi (kwakhona, inzala engaphantsi kwenzala) kunezinye iintlobo zeebhondi ezineempawu ezifanayo. Kwakhona, izivuno zabo zivame ukuphakama ngokwaneleyo ukuba utshintsho kwiirhafu eziqhelekileyo alithathi njengento enkulu yokuluma ekuveliseni izivuno zabo kwiiNondyebo njengoko bekuza kubakho isibophelelo kunye nomvuno ophantsi.
Ekubeni umngcipheko wekhredithi ngumqhubi oyintloko wokusebenza kweekhontrakthi eziphezulu, i-asset class ithola inzuzo ekuphuculeni uqoqosho.
Oku akuyinyaniso kuzo zonke iindawo zemarike emanyanisiweyo ukusuka ekukhuleni okuqinileyo kudla ngokuhamba kunye namazinga aphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, indawo yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kunokunceda ukuveliswa okuphezulu njengoko kubangalisa ubutyebi okanye ezinye iindawo ezithintekayo kwiimarike.
Iimali zeMarike eziPhakamileyo
Njengemibutho ephezulu yokuvelisa, iimicimbi zorhwebo ezikhulayo zixhomekeke ngakumbi kwiintengo-mboleko kunokuba zithintela ingqalelo. Apha, abatyali-zimali bathambekele ekukhangeleni ngakumbi kwi-underlying power of state yelizwe elikhuphayo kunokuba belizinga lezinga eliphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphucula ukukhula kwehlabathi kunako-kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo - kuba nesimo esihle kwiimarike ezikhulayo nakuba ityala likhokelela kwizinga eliphezulu kwiimarike eziphuhlisiweyo.
Umzekelo obalaseleyo weli yikota yokuqala ka-2012. Uluhlu lweenkcukacha zezoqoqosho ezingcono kunokuba lukulindeleke eUnited States ludlulise inqweno yocandelo lomngcipheko, amazinga okuqhuba umgangatho ophezulu kwaye kubangela i -fund ebizwa nge-ETF enkulu kakhulu ekuthengiseni imali. - iShares Trust Barclays I-ETF ye-20+ yoNyaka weNondyebo ye-ETF-ukubuyela -5,62%.
Ngelo xesha, nangona kunjalo, ukukhula kwembono kwabangela ukunyuka kwamathuba okutsalwa kwemali-mali kunye nokuncedisa iShares JPMorgan Iimali zeMakethe ze-Bond ze-Bond ze-ETF zivelise ukubuya okuhle kwe-4.47%, iipesenti ezilishumi ezipheleleyo ziphakamileyo ngaphezu kwe-TLT. Ukungafaniyo akunakwenzeka ukuba yilo xesha lininzi, kodwa oku kunika ingcamango yokuba indlela ekhulayo ngayo ityala inokukunceda njani ukuphazamisa umphumo wokunyuka kwamazinga.
Bondable Bonds
Izibophelelo eziguqulwayo, ezikhutshwe ngamashishini, ziyakwazi ukuguqulwa zibe zizabelo zenkampani yenkampani ekukhutshweni kwayo. Ekubeni oku kwenza izibophelelo eziguqulwayo zixhamle ngakumbi kwiimveliso zentengiso yebhanki kunokuba zikhombise i-vanilla bond, kubakho amathuba amaninzi ukuba angakwazi ukunyuka kumaxabiso xa imarike yebhondi ngokubanzi iphantsi kwengcinezelo yokunyuka kwamazinga. Ngokwe-article ye-Wall Street Journal ka-2010, i-Merrill Lynch Convertible-Bond Index yavela ngo-18.1% ukususela ngoMeyi 2003 ukuya kuMeyi 2004 nangona i-Treasury yalahleka malunga ne-0.5%, kwaye iphakama ngama-40.5% ukususela ngoSeptemba 1998 ukuya kuJanuwari 2000, njengoko i-Treasury yalahleka malunga no-2 %.
IiNgxowa zeBond ezingenayo
Abatyalomali banemibandela eyahlukeneyo yeenqwelo-mali ukubheja ngokuthe ngqo kwiimarike ezithengiswayo nge-ETF kunye namanqaku athengiswa ngawo (ETNs) ahamba kwindlela eyahlukileyo yokhuseleko. Ngamanye amazwi, ixabiso le-ETF ye-bond ehambelanayo iphakama xa i-market market bond and falls. Abatyalomali banakho ukhetho lokutshala imali kwi-double-inverse kunye ne-ETF ezinxulumene ne-ETFs, ezijoliswe ukubonelela iintshukumo zemihla ngemihla okanye zihlandlo ezintathu ezichasene nezikhokelo zazo, ngokulandelanayo. Kukho uluhlu olukhetho lwezinto ezinokuthi abatshali-mali bakwazi ukuhlawulela ukunyuka kweeNkokheli zeMali zase-US zamanani ahlukeneyo kunye namacandelo ahlukeneyo emarike (ezifana nezibophelelo eziphezulu okanye utyalo-mali obunini-mali.
Nangona ezi zinto zithengiswa ngoshishino-mali zibonelela iinketho zabahwebi abaqingqiweyo, uninzi lwabatyalo-mali abatyunjiweyo kufuneka baqikelele kakhulu ngemveliso engafaniyo. Ukulahlekelwa kukunyuka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye abayikulandelela ama-index abo phantsi kwexesha elide. Ukuqhubela phambili, ukubheja okungalunganga kunokunciphisa i-earnings kuyo yonke iphothifoliyo yakho engenayo engenayo-ngaloo ndlela uyinqokola injongo yakho yexesha elide. Ngoko qaphela ukuba ezi zinto zikhona, kodwa qiniseka ukuba uyazi oko ungena phambi kokuba utyalomali.
Yintoni ekufuneka uyigweme Ukuba iiRhafu ziphakama
Abenzi ababi kakhulu kwiindawo ezikhulayo ziyakwazi ukuba zibophelele kwixesha elide, ngokukodwa phakathi kooNondyebo, i- Imali-mali yemali ekhuselekile , izibophelelo zoshishino, kunye nezibophezelo zikamasipala. " Izikhundla zeeBond " ezifana nezitokethi ezihlawulela igalelo , nazo zinokufumana ilahleko ezinentsingiselo kwiimeko ezikhulayo.
Ngaphantsi
Ukukhawuleza nayiphi na imarike kunzima, kwaye ixesha lokutshintsha kwezinga lokutshintshwa kwenzala lizayo kunokwenzeka ukuba abaninzi abatyalo-mali. Ngenxa yoko, qwalasela okukhethiweyo ngasentla njengezithuthi zokukhulisa ukuhlukahluka kweepotfoliyo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iipotifoliyo ezihlukeneyo zinokukunceda ukuphakamisa iimpawu zakho zokugqithiseleka kokubanzi kwimiba epheleleyo yemilinganiselo yezinga lomdla.
Ukuziphendulela : Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso. Thetha kumcebisi wezezimali kunye neengcali zerhafu ngaphambi kokuba utyalomali.