Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo abatyalo-mali abanokuhamba ngazo, kodwa qaphela: iziganeko apho iibhondi ziwela kwixabiso lexesha elide liye limbalwa kwaye lide phakathi kwexesha elidlulileyo le-30.
Ukubetha ngokubhekiselele kwimarike, ngoko, kufuna ukunyamezela umngcipheko, ukukwazi ukufumana ukulahleka, kunye-mhlawumbi kubaluleke kakhulu-ixesha elibalaseleyo.
Ii-Bond ETonds
Ngaloo nto yathi, indlela elula kunazo zonke ukuba abatyali-mali ngabanye babeke ukunyuka kwexabiso kumabhondi ngokusebenzisa "ii-ETFs ezingenanto," okanye iimali ezithengiswa ngemali ezithintelanayo ezithatha izikhundla ezimfutshane kwizibophelelo. I-ETF ezihambelanayo ziphakama kwixabiso xa ixabiso lesibhondi liwela, kunye nokuhla kwexabiso xa kuthengiswa amaxabiso. ("Isikhundla esifutshane" xa umtyalomali uthengisa umkhuseleko wakhe okanye engenawo, enethemba lokuwubuyisela kamva ngexabiso elincinci aze aphethe umdahluko. Ngamanye amagama, lixesha lobugcisa "lokubheja") .
Isivuno samanje se-ETF sinikezela abatyali-mali ukuba bakwazi ukuma kwehla kwiiNondyebo ze-US, iiMali-mali eziVikelekileyo (i-TIPS), izibophelelo zenkampani, izibophelelo eziphezulu , kunye nezibophelelwano zikaRhulumente waseJapan.
Ukongeza, abatyali-mali banokukhetha ii-ETF eziza kuphakama ezimbini okanye kathathu izimpembelelo zokusebenza kwansuku zonke kwamacandelo eemarike ezimanyeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba utyalo-mali olusisiseko luwela ku-1% ngosuku olunikeziweyo, ii-ETF eziphindwe kabini ziza kuphakama i-2%.
Nangona le mali ingabanika abahwebi bexesha elifutshane ngamathuba, ekuhambeni kwexesha bathambekele ekunikezeni ukusebenza kude neenjongo zabo ezimbini okanye ezintathu.
Umzekelo okhawulezayo: ngosuku olulodwa, i-ETF yeNondyebo ye-NF ingalahlekelwa ngu-2% ukuba imarike iphakama 1%.
Ngaphezulu kwenyanga, ukubuya kunokuba -6% (kungekhona -4%) kwilahleko e-2% yeemarike. Ngonyaka, umtyalo-mali unokubona ukulahlekelwa kwe--26% (kungekhona -20%) kwi-market. Oku kuphela ukucinga, kodwa kubonisa ukuhlukana okungenzeka emva kwexesha. Esi sizathu esona sizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba iimali ezingenanto ezichanekileyo akufanele ziqwalaselwe ngotyalo-mali olude. Ngamafutshane, qaphela: le mali ibeka ingozi enkulu kwimvelo, kwaye ilahleko ziyakwazi ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza ukuba uthetha ngokungahambi kakuhle. Uludwe lwe-ETF ekhoyo lufumaneka apha .
Mutual Funds
Abatyalomali banakho ukhetho lokutyalomali kwiimali zentengiso ezithintekayo kwiimarike ezimanyeneyo, ezifana ne-Guggenheim Inverse Government Bond Strategy (i-ticker: RYAQX) okanye iProFunds Rising Rates Opportunity ProFund (RRPIX). Nangona zombini iimali zifezekisa injongo enye njengoko ii-ETF ezikhankanywe ngasentla, zisebenzisa i-fund ye-joint fund esikhundleni se-ETF inqabile abatyali-mali ukuba bakwazi ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa i-fund nayiphi na indawo ngexesha loshishino. Kunoko, ukuthengiselana kuvunyelwe kuphela emva komhla kwisethi, ukuvala amaxabiso. Iimali ezimbini ziphethe iirhafu eziphezulu (1.74% kunye ne-1.65%, ngokulandelana) ezenza iindleko ezingaphezu kweendlela ze-ETF.
Ukuthengisa ii-ETF ezifutshane
Abatyalomali abanokwenza i-akhawunti yokurhweba ukuba basebenzise umgama bangakwazi ukuqhuba iimveliso zabo ezifutshane ezisebenzisa ii-ETF ezilandelelanisa i-market bond. Ngokuthengiswa okufutshane, umtyalo-mali uboleka izabelo zesitokisi okanye i-ETF engabakho, kwaye uthengisa izabelo ezibolekwe ngenjongo yokuzibuyisela emva komhla.
Ukuba izabelo ziwela kwixabiso, umtyalo-mali unokuzibuyisela kwixabiso elincinci, ngaloo ndlela agxininise umahluko. Ukuba izabelo zikhuphuka, umtyalomali kufuneka azibuyisele kuye ngentengo ephakamileyo kunokuba ayithengise ekuqaleni, enokulahlekelwa. Ngokuthengisa iifom efutshane, umtyalo-mali unokuvelisa imbuyekezo echasene nokusebenza kwe-ETF.
Inzuzo yokwenza i-short-sale ngxowa-mali ende, kunokuthenga nje i-ETF engenayo, kukuba abatyali-mali bayifumene ukubuya baya kulandelelana ngokusondeleyo nokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwemali-mali.
(Kwakhona, ii-ETF ezichasayo zihambisa kuphela ukubuyela okulindelekileyo kwiintsuku ezilodwa zekhalenda; emva kwexesha elide ukubuyela kwabo kuphuka kakhulu kwiphumo ezibangelwa ngumtyalo-mali ngokusekelwe kwinjongo yengxowa-mali).
Ixesha elizayo kunye neenketho
Lo ngummandla wabatyalo-mali abatyebileyo kunye nalabo abanamandla amakhulu okufumana umlahleko. Kulabo abanayo i-akhawunti kunye nomthengisi wezabelo zeemveliso, kunokwenzeka ukuba bathengise izivumelwano zengqesho kwixesha elizayo kwiibhondi zeeNondyebo kunye namanqaku ahlukeneyo. Njengokuba isitokisini okanye i-ETF, umtyalo-mali unokuthengisa i-contract yesivumelwano esifutshane kunye nethemba lokuba ixabiso layo liya kuwela. Ubungozi buninzi kuba uhamba amancinci kwinqanaba lokhuseleko lugxininiswa kakhulu ekuhambeni kwekhontrakthi ezayo.
Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba abatyali-zimali ngabanye bathenge iimvumelwano ezikhethiweyo - okanye ngokukodwa, i-bearish ibeka i-ETF ezinxulumene nezikhetho ezikhoyo. Izinketho zorhwebo kwii-ETF ezinkulu ezinxulumene, ezinjengezo kwi-Nondyebo, kwiinkampani, kunye nakwiimbopheleleko ezivunyiweyo eziphezulu, ngoko kukho indlela yokusebenzisa okukhethwa kukho ukudlala ulwalathiso lwazo zonke iindawo ezibalulekileyo zeemarike.
Hlalani nikhumbula, nangona kunjalo: okukhethwa kukho ukufuna abatyali-mali ukuba bachanekileyo kungekukho nje kwinqanaba lokhuseleko, kodwa nakwixesha lokuhamba ngalo. Izinketho zingozi kakhulu, kwaye ziyakwenza-kwaye zenze-ziya kwi-zero kwaye zibophe abahwebi abangenalo i-100% ilahleko. Kuvumelekile ukuba uthe, le "yiphelo elide le-echibi," kwaye akuyona indawo apho abatshali-mali abanomdla kufuneka bazame ukwenza imali.
Ukuhlawula iNgxowa-mali yakho
Ukubambisana neentengiso akunakwenzeka ukuba kusebenze ixesha elide, kodwa kunokunika abanini-mali ithuba lokuba "bahlasele" iiphothifoliyo zabo - okanye ngamanye amagama, ukukhusela ukulahlekelwa kwexesha elifutshane. Umzekelo, umntu ophethe iphothifoliyo ye-bond ye-$ 100,000 angathabatha ixesha elifutshane, i-$ 50,000 kwindawo ye-ETFs-okanye ezinye iimali-mali ezishiya kwelinye icala kumarike-ukunciphisa impembelelo yexabiso lemarike.
Ingxaki, eqinisweni kukuba ukuba umtyalo-mali usenokungahambi kakuhle kwaye i-marhwebo ayinakwenzeka, i-hedge yona ilahlekelwa yimali kwaye isuse ekuxhaseni kwexesha elide lokuba umtyalomali uzama ukufeza okokuqala indawo. Kwakhona, olu luhlobo lokuhamba olukuphela kotyalo-mali osisigxina.
Ngaphantsi
Akukho nqongophala yezindlela umtyalo-mali angayenza ukuzama ukuzuza kwi-market in bondage, kwaye abaninzi abatyali-zimali bayayisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo ezo ndlela zenzelwe ngempumelelo. Kodwa kuninzi lwabatyalo-mali, indlela eya kwintsimi iyaziwa kakhulu: ukudibanisa , uhlale ujolise kwiinjongo zakho zexesha elide, kwaye ubalekele kwiinkqubo ezinobungozi obuphezulu. Ukuba ngokwenene ucinga indlela yokufumana inzuzo ekuthathaka kwamashishini, qiniseka ukuba uyaqonda ingozi yokuhamba okunjalo.
Ukuziphendulela : Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lithathwe njengengcebiso-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso. Qinisekisa ukubonisana notyalo-mali kunye nabaqeqeshi berhafu ngaphambi kokuba utyalomali.