Ungayithatha njani ingozi njengomtyalo-mali osisigxina?
Enye ingcamango yabantu abaninzi abajamelana nayo yinkcazo yemali.
Ngaba ingxabano enye yezinto ezingabonakaliyo kunye nokusebenzayo, okanye ingxabano yenkcazo kunye nezinye iintlobo zemali? Okanye mhlawumbi asiyiqondi ngokucacileyo intsingiselo yokutyalomali. Ingxelo yenkxaso-mali kuphela yindlela yokwenza utyalo-mali oluthile? Ukuba kunjalo, oko kuya kuthetha ukuba imbambano yenkxaso-mali yenkcazo yinto engqubuzanayo kunye nokuphathwa okusebenzayo.
Iimali zee-Index azikho kuphela uhlobo lokutyalomali olusisiseko, kodwa luhlobo oluqhelekileyo. Inkcazo yenkcazo ichaza ukuba izitokisi (okanye iibhonki) zinezifuba ezifanayo njengalezo zifakwe kwi-index eyaziwayo neyalinganiswayo, njenge-S & P 500 okanye uRussell 2000.
Ingxowa elawulwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo engekho yenkcazo yenkxaso-mali iya kuba neendlela ezichaziweyo zokuchaza iintlobo zee-stocks; oko kuza kuba nazo zonke iisitokhi ezidibana nale miqathango ngaphandle kwezame zokukhetha "abaphumeleleyo" beli qela. I-Dimensional Funds yinkampani yokuxhaswa ngemali engabonakaliyo, kodwa imali yabo ayikho inkcazo yemali.
Ingxabano yenkxaso-mali yenkcazo yempikiswano yokutyalomali olusakhulayo kwi-investing esebenzayo. Zonke iifom zenkcazo azihambelani, kodwa akuzona zonke iimali ezilawulwe ngokungapheliyo zikhokelo zemali.
Xa abantu bethetha ukuba kufuneka uthathe ingozi enkulu xa usemncinci kuba uninzi ixesha lokubuyisela kwakhona, ngaba libhekiselele kumxube wakho wokunikezelwa kweefa?
Okanye ngaba babhekiselele kumxube wokunikezelwa kwempahla kunye nokudibanisa kweeklasi ngaphakathi kweeklasi? Ukuba oku kulandelayo kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ubeke imali yakho kwizinto ezinjengeepenki.
Xa abacebisi bezezimali kunye nabezindaba bethetha ngokuthatha ingozi enkulu, sisoloko sibhekisela kumxube wokunikezelwa kweefa , oku kuthetha ukuba uxube lwakho lwee-stocks kwiibhondi kwikheshi.
Ngamaxesha amfutshane amaxesha, amasheya (kulinganiswa ngamanqaku emakethe ye-stock market) angaya phezulu okanye amaninzi. Xa ukhangela ixesha ukusuka ngo-1973 ukuya ku-2009 njengomzekelo, kunyaka owodwa, iisitokethi zinokunyuka ukuya kuma-60-90% okanye ngaphantsi kwama-40-50%. Ngaphezulu kwexesha elifanayo ukuba ulinganisa onke amaxesha amaxesha angama-20, ngexesha leempahla eziphambili kwixesha elingama-20 leminyaka ufikelele kwimbuyekezo kwi-14-18% ngonyaka, kwaye ngaphezu kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-20 ukubuyela kwakho ku-6-7% Uluhlu lwezizathu zokutsalwa kwamatyala akuxelela ukuba uthathe ingozi enkulu xa usemncinci kuba uneminyaka engama-20 ukuvumela imali yakho isebenze.
Ukudibanisa iingcamango ezimbini - ukuba kufuneka utyalomali kwiinkcazo zemali kodwa uthathe ingozi enkulu xa uselula, ufezekisa njani loo nto? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba utyalole kuphela kwiimali zenkcazo kwaye uzivelele engozini yengozi, yiyiphi into ayithethayo okufanele uyenze xa uselula?
Ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba, umzekelo, uneminyaka engama-2 ubudala kufuneka abe ne-100% yemali yabo esetyenzisiwe kwiimpahla, kwaye ukuba i-100% yaloo mali-mali inesitokethi kufuneka ifakwe kwiimali zenkcazo?
Ukucinga ukuba ufuna ukuba ngumtyalo-mali, kwaye uyavuma ukuba ukukhetha izitokethi ezizodwa ukuzama ukubetha imarike akuyona into efanelekileyo (into endiyivuma ngayo yonke into), ngoko-ke, uneminyaka engama-2 ubudala uya kuba ne-100% imali yabo kwimali yenkcazo yemali okanye imali elawulwa ngokungathethekiyo.
Nasi umzekelo wendlela umtyalo-mali ongenako ukunikezela ngayo i-potifoliyo ye-100% kwiimali zenkcazo ezahlukeneyo:
- I-30% ye-S & P 500 Index Index
- Inkxaso-mali ye-Mid-cap index
- 10% uRussell 2000 okanye inkcazo yenkcazo encinci
- I-20% Inkxaso-mali yelizwe jikelele
- 10% Inkcazo yeemarike eziphumayo
- I-10% yeNkcazo yeNkcazo yamazwe aMazwe ngamazwe
- I-10% Inkcazo yempahla yexabiso
Unokufumana iifowuni ezihambelana noluhlu ngalunye ngasentla kwiluhlu lweengxelo zezimali .
Njengoko ukhula, uza kunciphisa ipesenteji yeengxowa-mali zemali yesitokhwe kwaye ukwandise ipesenti yakho eyabelwe kwi-index index bond.