Zininzi iintlobo zotyalo-mali zibizwa ngokuba "iziqinisekiso".
Ukhuselo lukhuseleko yilo nawuphi na igama elinye
Namhlanje, ixesha lokukhusela libhekiselele malunga naluphina isitya semali esithengiselwano, njengesitokethi, isibophelelo, isivumelwano sokhetho, okanye izabelo ze-fund. Cinga igama elithi "ukhuseleko", okanye "izithenjwa", ezitshintshana kunye negama elithi "utyalo-mali", kunye negama elithi "iimarike zeterms" ezitshintshana nomsebenzi "iimarike zentengo" okanye "imarike" kuphela. Iziqinisekiso ziwela kwiibakala ezintathu ezibanzi:
- Amatyala aMatyala, okubizwa ngokuba yimali yokufumana ingeniso
- I-Equity Securities , ebhekisela kwiimpahla eziqhelekileyo
- Iimpawu eziPhezulu , ezibhekiselele kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zezivumelwano
Amatyala aMatyala, iGama eliThabileyo kwiiBond
Xa ishishini liboleke ukukhula, okokuqala liya kuboleka ngokusebenzisa iindlela zendabuko; kwiibhanki. Amabhanki akafuni ukuthatha umngcipheko omkhulu, ngoko ke aya kuboleka kakhulu kwiyeshishini elinye. I shishini kufuneka liye kwiimarike ezinkulu kunye nokukhupha ityala lokukhusela elibizwa ngokuba yi-bond.
Xa uthenge isibophelelo, uboleka imali yakho kwinkampani, kwaye ibuyisele kuwe. Bamele bakuhlawule umdla.
I-Equity Securities, iGama eliNgcono kwiiShishini
Xa ishishini lithatha abanikazi abongezelelweyo ukuba bakhule, kunokufumana abatyali-mali bamacandelo abucala, okanye unokuya kwiimarike ezinkulu kunye nokukhupha izithenjwa ngendlela yesitokhwe esithengiswa esidlangalaleni.
Xa uthengela isitokisi, uba ngumnikazi weenkampani, kwaye njengoko inkampani yenza inzuzo, uya kuthatha inxaxheba kule ntlawulo ngeendlela ezimbini. Ingaba inkampani iya kuhlawula isahlulo, oza kufumana, okanye baya kusebenzisa inzuzo yabo ukuze baqhube phambili ukukhula kwishishini, kwaye, ukuba konke kuhamba kakuhle, kufuneka ubone emva kwexabiso lakho. Ezi sitokhwe kunye nezibophelelo zibizwa ngokuba yi-securities, kunye nokwenza oko abafaki-zimali babiza "imarike".
I-Securities Derivative, Ifomu eQinisekile yoTyalo-mali
Ngeemali zokubambisa, kunokuba ube nesabelo esicacileyo, njengezizabelo zesitokisi, unelungelo lokuthengisa ezinye izithente zemali kwimvumelwano esivunyelwene ngaphambili. Izinkontileka ezikhethiweyo zihlobo lokukhuseleko lokufumana. Bakunika ilungelo lokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa amasheya okhuseleko olukhoyo kwixabiso elithile, ngomhla ochaziweyo kwixesha elizayo. Uhlawula eli lungelo, kwaye intlawulo ohlawulayo ibizwa ngokuba yi "premium". Cinga nje nge-premium yomshuwalense.
Nasi umzekelo: Masithi isitifiketi se-WIDGET sithengisa i-$ 50 ngesabelo. Uyithenga isivumelwano sokhetho esikwenza unelungelo lokukuthenga kwi-$ 50 isabelo kuba unesiqiniseko sokuya ku-$ 60, kodwa nje ukuba akunjalo, awufuni ukuphuma iindleko ezipheleleyo ze-$ 50 yabelana.
Ikhetho lakho libiza i-$ 1 ngesabelo ngasinye. I-WIDGET iya kwii-60 zee-60, kwaye ngoko usebenzise ngokukhawuleza ukhetho lwakho kwaye ufake ifowuni, wenze i-$ 9 isabelo (i-$ 10 inzuzo idlulise iindleko ze-premium ze-$ 1.)
Iimarike zeMatriki
Abantu abaninzi banika imali yabo yokugcina imali kwiimakethe zokhuseleko ngaphandle kokuqonda oko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukungaqondi kakuhle kwenza ukuba banelungelo lokulandela iingcebiso ezimbi malunga nokuba nxaxheba njani kule ntengiso.
Imarike yematriki ayikho yonke into eyahlukileyo kunemakethe yezindlu. Njengokuba imakethi yezindlu iqulethwe zizigidi zeentsapho zonke eziphuphayo zobunini, umakethi okhuseleko uhlanganiswa ngamawaka abanikazi bamashishini abanobonke abaphuphayo yokwakha kunye nokukhula kwezoshishino eziphumelelayo, ezikhulayo.
Uninzi lwezi shishini ezinkulu aziyi kukwazi ukuphumeza izinga labo impumelelo ngaphandle kokuboleka okanye ukukhulisa imali ngandlela-thile, njengokuba ininzi lethu lingenakukwazi ukufumana ikhaya ngaphandle kokuqala ukuthenga imali.
Yonke imbono yoshishino kufuneka ifumane imali enkulu ukusuka kwenye indawo. Inkunzi isetyenziselwa ukwakha izibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukukhulisa ishishini.
Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, abanini bezoshishino banemali eyaneleyo yokuxhaswa kwishishini ngokwabo. Kule meko, ishishini lihlala liyimfihlo, kwaye abanini banokugcina zonke iingeniso. Ukuba abanini-shishini abanakho imali abayidingayo ukuze banwebe, banokuboleka okanye bathathe abanikazi abongezelelweyo abanenkunzi. Yilapho nina, abatyalo-mali, nibandakanyeka.
Xa amaqumrhu okukhupha okukhuselekileyo kwiifom kunye nemibhonkco, abatyali-mali bathenga kwaye ngaloo ndlela banikezela inkampani eyinkunzi. Emva kokuba ezi khuphiswano zikhutshwe, ziyakwazi ukuthengiswa phakathi kootyalo-mali kwimarike yesibini. E-US, imarike yokubambisa ilawulwa yiSEKELO, leyo yiKhomishana yokuThengisa nokuThuthukisa.
Iziqinisekiso zithatyathwa njani ngeMakethi eMali?
Xa sithetha ishishini kufuneka liye kwiimarike ezinkulu, oko kuthetha ukuthini? Kuthetha ukuba ishishini liqeshe iqumrhu lokutsalwa kwebhanki elibhekiselele kwiimali zoshishino kwaye inani elipheleleyo lemali ishishini kufuneka liphakanyiswe; Ucebisa ishishini ngendlela engcono yokuphakamisa loo mali (ngokukhupha i-stock okanye iibhonksi) kwaye uncedise ukubeka kunye nokuthengisa umrhumo woluntu lweziqinisekiso apho izitokiselwano ezitsha zikhutshwe kunye nezibophelelo (izitokethi) zinikezelwa kubatyalomali basesidlangalaleni ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi iifenki zokurhweba.