Tin, i-First Alloying Element

I-Alloying Element yokuqala

I-Tin (i-Sn) yayisetyenziswe okokuqala njengento yokwakheka ngobhedu ukwenza ubhedu, ogqithwa ngokulula ngaphezu kobhedu kwaye wenza ukuba kudalwe ubunzima obunzima. Ingcibilili esithambileyo kunye nombala wesiliva obumhlophe kwaye inokukhuseleka kakhulu kwi-air namanzi. Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Tin kukuncedisa ukuba isebenze ngobhedu kwaye i-pewter alloys, njengenxalenye eqinile yombanezeli wombane, kunye neyokukhusela ezinye izitye.

Properties Properties

• Amandla : I- Tin yenye yezinto ezibuthathaka. Unokwenza, umzekelo, ukugoba okanye ukuchoboza i-tin kungenza ngezandla zakho. Le propati ayivumeli i-tin ukuba isetyenziswe ngokwazo njengetsimbi yesakhiwo.
• I-Ductility : Tin iyinsimbi enobumba kakhulu kwiqondo lokushisa, kwaye inokuthi ingabonakali . Xa ikhutshwe ngaphantsi kwama-degrees ama-Fahrenheit angama-55, i-tin iguqulwa ngokukhawuleza kwifomu eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-beta tin" kwi "tin tape", engaphantsi kwe-ductile. I-Tin iphantsi kwe-ductile ingaphantsi kwe-392 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Ukuqhuba: I- Tin kunye namanye ama-alloys ayo aphezulu abenzi begesi. Ingaphezulu kwesiqingatha se-til esetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-industrially iphetha kwi-solder ekwenzeni uxhumano lombane.

Imbali

I-alloy yokuqala, ithusi, yafunyanwa malunga ne-5000 BC. Iqukethe ubhedu kunye ne-5-12% yeetoni ngokulinganisa kwaye yatshintsha indlela yokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi yethusi. Ukongezwa kwetini kwenza ubhedu bunzima kwaye bunzima ngaphezu kobhedu olucacileyo.

I-Pewter, enye i-alloy alloy, yayisetyenziselwa kude kube ngama-200-300 kwiminyaka edlulileyo ekuphekeni nasekutyeni izitya. Phakathi kwexesha eliphakathi, i-tata yaziwa ngokuba yi-stannum, eyona mvelaphi yesimboli samanje, uSom.

Kwiminyaka ye-19 neye-20, ezininzi izicelo ezahlukeneyo zeetoni zavela. I-Electroplating yaqala ukuphuhliswa malunga ne-1850 kwaye isetyenziselwa ukukhupha isinyithi esinezixhobo ezingcono kunezinto.

Umzekelo weli loku kutya kwanamhlanje, nangona uninzi lwabo lwenziwe namhlanje ukusuka kwi-aluminium engabizi. Ngama-1950, uMongameli uAlastair Pilkington waqulunqa inkqubo apho iglasi ecikiweyo ihamba phezu kwetinen etyhidiweyo, ekwakheni indawo yeglasi ephathekayo yefestile.

Tin kwiMarike

ITRI, iqela lokukhuthaza inkampani, iingxelo ezingama-340,000 ezifutshane zeetoni zigqitywa ngamazwe ngonyaka. Ngokutsho kophando lwe-ITRI, izicelo eziphezulu ze-tin zikwimeko yokucoca kunye ne-plating, kubalwa malunga ne-60% ye-tn.

I-Tin ayifumanekanga ngokwemvelo kwaye kufuneka ikhutshwe kwi-ores. Ukumbiwa kweemayini kubakho eChina, e-Indonesia, ePeru, eBrazil naseBolivia. I-LME ithengisa i-tin ecocekileyo ngepondo. Ngokwe-MetalPrices.com, i-15,000 iitoni ezimfutshane ze-tin zaphinde zaphinda zaphinda zenziwe kwakhona ngo-2008.

IiAlloys eziqhelekileyo

• I-bronze: 5-12% Sn ngesisindo. Isetyenziswe kwiimali zemali, amacangci kunye nobugcisa.1

• Pewter: 85-99% Sn ngesisindo. Isetyenziswa ngokuyinhloko namhlanje kwimpahla yokuhlobisa.
• I-solder ehamba phambili ye-Tin: 5-70% Sn ngesisindo.

Amazwi anomdla

• Iidlanzi ezithandwayo zazixutywa phakathi kwezona zinto zigqwesileyo emhlabeni ukususela kwiminyaka ye-1800 ukuya kuma-1950 xa iifayili zeplastiki zazingena kakhulu kwiimarike.
• Inyaniso ebangel 'umdla malunga ne-tin ductility yinto eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukukhala kwetali." Ngethuba i-tin igobile, ikhupha isandi esikhonkco-kwi-bhodi. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba izithako zee-molecule zinyithi zidibanisa kunye kunye nokuvuselelwa kwakhona, ezaziwa nangokuthi i-twinning, ivumela isinyithi ukuba igobe ngaphandle kokuphula.