Indlela Le ndlela iqinisa ngayo itsimbi
Ukucinywa kwindlela yokukhawuleza yokubuyisela isinyithi kwiqondo lokushisa lokushisa emva kokunyanga okutshatyalaliswayo (okufana nokulondoloza, ukulungelelanisa okanye ukunyusa uxinzelelo) ukukhusela inkqubo yokupholisa ukuguqula ngokuphawulekayo isiseko se-metal. Ukucima iziphumo ekuqiniseni kwesimbi kwinqanaba elifanayo elithintelayo ngokupheleleyo.
Ukucima Ukubulawa Kanjani?
Iipolymers zenjongo ezikhethekileyo, i-convection ye-air concedation, i-water fresh, i-ityuwa yamanzi kunye neoli iya kusetshenziselwa ukuphumeza inkqubo yokucima.
Amanzi ngumgangatho osebenzayo xa umgomo kukuba insimbi ifinyelele ubunzima obukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa amanzi kunokukhokelela isinyithi ukuphazamiseka okanye ukuphazamiseka. Ukuba ubunzima obunzima abukho mfuneko, ke ezinye ijelo ezifana neoli ye-mineral, ioli ye-whale okanye i-oyile ene-cottage ingasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokucima.
Impembelelo yeSilinganiso sokuCima
Ngomlinganiselo ocothayo wokucima, i-thermodynamic inamandla anokufumana ithuba lokutshintsha i-microstructure. Ngamanye amaxesha, esi siphumo sithandwa, oko kutheni amajelo eendaba ahlukeneyo asetyenziswa ukucima. I-oli, umzekelo, inomlinganiselo wokucima ophantsi kakhulu kunamanzi. Ukucima kwiphakathi lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kufuna ukukhupha umbane ngokujikeleza kwesinyithi ukwenzela ukunciphisa umquba ovela phezulu. Iipokhethi zesitya ziqhathanisa ukucima komoya ukupholisa kuze kube yilapho ikhuphuka.
Kutheni UkuCima Kuqhutywa?
Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ama-steels azinzima, ukucima kwamanzi kwiqondo lokushisa ngaphezu kweqondo lokushisa kwe- austenitic kuya kubangela ukuba i-carbon ibanjwe ngaphakathi kwe-austenitic lath.
Oku kukhokelela kwisigaba esilukhuni kunye nesigxina se-martensitic. I-Austetite ibhekisela kwi-alloys yensimbi kunye ne-gamma-iron base, kwaye i-martensite yinto enzima yesakhiwo sekristallini. Ukucima i-martensite yensimbi inamandla kakhulu kwaye igxininiswe. Ngenxa yoko, ukucinywa kwensimbi kufaka inkqubo yokucutha.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isinyithi iya kuhlanjululwa kwioli, ityuwa, iibhola zokuhlamba okanye iifom zomoya ezihanjiswe ngabalandeli ukubuyisela ezinye zeengcambu (ukukwazi ukujamelana nokunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo) kunye nobunzima obulahlekelwe ngu-martensite. Emva kokuba isinyithi ipholile, ikhuphe ngokukhawuleza, ngokukhawuleza okanye ayikho nhlobo, kuxhomekeka kwiimeko, ingakumbi ukuba isinyithi esicatshulwayo sisengozini ekuhambeni komsindo.
Ukongeza kwi-martensite kunye nokushisa kwama-austenite, unyango lwentsimbi lusetyenziswe i-ferrite, i-pearlite, i-cementite kunye namaqondo okushisa e-bain. Utshintsho lwe-delta ferrite lwenzeka xa isinyithi ishushu kuhlobo oluphezulu lokushisa lwensimbi. Ngokutsho kwe-Welding Institute e-Great Britain, iyenze "ekupholiseni i-carbon carbon concentrations kwi-alloys yensimbi evela kwimeko yombane ngaphambi kokuba iguqule ibe yi-aseitenite."
I-Pearlite idalwe ngexesha lokupholisa ngokucothayo kwe-alloys yesinyithi. I-Bainite ivela ngeendlela ezimbini: i-bainite ephezulu nephezulu. Iveliswa kwizinga elipholileyo lokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba lufakwe kwimartensite kodwa ngezinga lokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunefriji ne-pearlite ifomu.
Ukucima ukuvimbela isinyithi ukuphuka kwi-austetite ibe yi-ferrite ne-cementite. Injongo yintsimbi ukufikelela kwisigaba se-martensitic.