I-China iyashukumisela ukuvumela amaqabane ukuba abe nabantwana ababini
Umlinganiselo wokubeleka owelayo ungathatha umlinganiselo omkhulu kwizoqoqosho lwelizwe ngokunciphisa inani labantu abasebenzayo. Phakathi ko-2010 no-2030, iZizwe eziManyeneyo zibonise ukuba inani labantu basebenzayo belizwe liyancipha malunga neepesenti ezisixhenxe, eziguqulela abasebenzi abambalwa abavelisa imali yengeniso ukukhupha inani elikhulayo labathathe umhlala-phantsi abafuna inzuzo yoluntu. Ezi ngxaki zexesha elide zibonakalisa ezo zijongene namazwe afana neJapan .
Ngo-Oktobha 29, 2015, i-communique evela kwiCawa yamaKomanisi ibonise izicwangciso zokuphelisa umgaqo-nkqubo womntwana omnye ngokuphathelele umgaqo-nkqubo wabantwana ababini. Utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo luye lwabonakala ngokubanzi njengenzame yokulungisa ezi ngxaki zexesha elide kwezoqoqosho ngokuvelisa okubizwa ngokuba yi-dividend dividend-oko kukuthi, kwandisa inani labasebenzi abancinci ukwenzela ukunciphisa inani elikhulayo labathathe umhlala-phantsi kwaye ekugqibeleni bagweme nayiphi ikamva iingxaki zabantu, kodwa impumelelo iyahlala ingaqiniseki.
Ngaba kuya kubalulekile?
Ukuncipha okuphawulekayo kwintengo yokuzalwa yaseTshayina emva kowe-1979 kunokubonakala kubonisa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo unempembelelo enkulu, kodwa ukuncipha okufanayo kwenzeka ngexesha elifanayo kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia ngaphandle komgaqo ofanayo. Inani lokuzalwa kumazwe amaninzi athuthukileyo liye lawa ngokukhawuleza ixesha elide ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nokufumaneka kolawulo lokuzalwa.
Ngenxa yoko, akucaci ukuba ngaba umgaqo-nkqubo unento enobudlelwane obunobangela okanye ulungelelaniso olungenanto.
Xa ukukhululwa okuthile kuqaliswe ngo-2013, i-6.7% kuphela yeentsapho ezifanelekileyo zifake isicelo sokuba nomntwana wesibini. Ezi ngcaciso zedatha zibonisa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo awunokuba nexanduva-ubuncinane kuphela - ngenxa yempembelelo enkulu ekunciphiseni izinga lokuzalwa kwelizwe. Izibini ezininzi zibonakala zikhetha ukuchitha ubutyebi bazo kwimilinganiselo yokuphila engcono kunokuba nezingane, ngokukodwa zinike iindleko ezikhawulezayo zokuhlala kwimimandla yasezidolophini ezinabantu abaninzi.
Kukho umbuzo wokuba ingaba ilizwe alixhotywanga ukuba likwazi ukuphatha izinga eliphezulu lokuzalwa ngexesha elifutshane. Emva koko, iiwadi ze-Beijing zokubeletha ziye zafakwa kwi-half-year yokuqala ka-2016 emva kokuphucula imigaqo ethile kwiminyaka yokuqala ka-2014, ngokutsho kwe-IHS Global Insight, oku kuthetha ukuba ezinye iintsapho zinokulinda ukwenza isigqibo. Naluphina ukwehla kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe kunokukhokelela ezininzi izibini ukuba zisuse isigqibo.
Ubuhlungu bexesha elifutshane
Uqoqosho lwaseTshayina lumele lube nokulinda amashumi amabini okanye ukwenzela ukuba impembelelo yomntwana omibini ukuba ivezwe ngendlela enenjongo. Emva koko, iingxaki ezibalulekileyo ziphakama xa abantu bexesha lomhlala-phantsi bekhula ngokukhawuleza kunabantu abasebenzayo.
Ngomgaqo-nkqubo omtsha kwindawo, uqoqosho luza kuqonda iingenelo xa abantwana abazalwa emva ko-2010 baqala ukujoyina abasebenzi ukuba bancede ukucima inani elikhulayo labantu abahlala phantsi.
Inzuzo yezinga eliphezulu lokuzalwa yindalo yesahlulo sabantu, kodwa aba banabaxhomekeke phambi kokuba babe ngabasebenzi. Ngoxa abantu abanokuxhaswa banokukunceda ukuphuhlisa iindleko zezoqoqosho ngeendlela ezithile, abazali abaninzi banyanzelekile ukuba bachithe imali kwiimfuno ezisisiseko kunokuba bathenge izinto eziphathekayo. Iinkampani ezininzi ezivelisa iimpahla zentsana sele zibone ixabiso lawo liphakama emva kwesibhengezo, kodwa lonke uqoqosho lungafumana imali engaphantsi.
Inzuzo yangempela iya kudlala phantsi kwendlela xa aba bantwana behlala bekhulile kwaye banako ukufaka isandla kwizoqoqosho ngokwabo. Kwiphepha le-2011, i-IMF ifumene ukuba inxalenye enkulu yokukhula ehlangene ne- India ukususela kwiminyaka ye-1980 ibangelwa kwisakhiwo sayo seminyaka kunye nokuguqula imimandla yabantu, kunye neli lizwe lilindeleke ukuba lidlula iChina njengowona mkhulu ngowama-2025.
I-China cishe ijolise kwizinto ezininzi ezifanayo ngexesha elide.
Impembelelo kubatyalomali
IZizwe eziManyeneyo zikholelwa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wabantwana uza kubongeza abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-23.4 kubantu baseTshayina ngo-2050, kodwa akuqinisekanga ukuba oko kuya kukwanela ukuba utshintshe ubungakanani beminyaka yobudala kwimilinganiselo yabantu abangasebenzi, udoti lwezoqoqosho.
Abatyalomali bamazwe ngamazwe bafuna ukulungelelanisa ukulindela kwabo ukukhula koqoqosho kwe-China ukuphendula ngenxa yokunciphisa oku kunokwenzeka. Ekubeni iingxaki ezifanayo sele zichaphazeleke kwezoqoqosho ezininzi eziphuhlisiweyo, kuquka neJapan, abatyali-mali banokufumana ingcamango engcono yokuba le miba iya kubachaphazela njani iphothifoliyo ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke eChina.
Isisombululo esihle kunazo zonke kubatyalimi, njengokuba njalo, kukuqinisekisa ukuba iphothifoliyo yabo ihambelana ngokufanelekileyo, eyanceda ukunciphisa impembelelo engafanelekanga yokuba nayiphi na ilizwe elilodwa elinokuthi libe nalo kwipotfolio.