Iingcali zee-Economists Zisebenzise njani iiDola zaseMhlabeni
URoy C. Geary wadala i-dollar yeGeary-Khamis, okanye i-dollar yamazwe ngamazwe, ngowe-1958 ukubonakalisa izinga lokutshintshiselwa komnyaka ngoku kunye nokulungiswa kwe-PPP yangoku.
Ukususela ekungenisweni kwayo, i-dollar yomhlaba sele iyimitha yokukhetha kwimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe njenge- International Monetary Fund ("IMF") okanye iBhanki yehlabathi ukuthelekisa ubutyebi kunye nemali phakathi kwamazwe.
Yiyiphi Intengiso yeParity Parity?
Iparity power of parity yasungulwa ngekhulu le-16 ukuqikelela inani lexabiso leemali ezahlukileyo kunye nokubeka amanani okutshintsha. Kwimfundiso, iimpahla ezifanayo ziya kuba nexabiso elifanayo kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo xa amaxabiso abonakaliswa ngemali efanayo ngaphandle kweendleko zokuthengiselana kunye nemingcele yokurhweba. Ngokufanayo, naziphi na ukungalingani kwindleko yokunyuka kwamaxabiso zilingana neenguqu kwizinga lokutshintshwa kwemali.
Ewe, iindleko zokuthengiselana kunye nezithintelo zorhwebo zikhoyo kubomi benene kuba ixabiso lokutshintshana alisoloko lilingana nelinye. I-Economists kufuneka ngoko ke ibuyele kwakhona imali yokutshintshwa kwemali yokuthengiswa kwamandla okungafani okubangelwa yixabiso lezentengiselwano kunye nezithintelo zorhwebo.
Ezi zibalo ekugqibeleni ziyaziwa njengeGeary-Khamis dollar okanye "iidola zamazwe ngamazwe".
Ukuguqula kwiiDola zaseMhlabeni
Ukuguqulwa kwemali kwiidola zamazwe ngamazwe kwenziwa ngokuhlula isixa semali kazwelonke ngezinga lokutshintshiselwa kwePPP ukufikelela kwixabiso lemali laseburhulumenteni.
Ngokomzekelo, i-ISK ye-500,000 (i-Icelandic Krona) eyahlula nge-121.91 i-PPP yokutshintshwa kwezinga elivelisa i-$ 4,101.38. Amanani okutshintshwa kwe-PPP anikezelwa yimibutho eyahlukeneyo yamazwe ngamazwe kuquka i- IMF neBhanki yehlabathi.
Isilinganiso sokutshintshwa kwePPP, okanye i-PPP yokuguquguquka, yinkalo yeeyunithi zemali yelizwe elifunekayo ukuthenga inani elifanayo lempahla kunye neenkonzo kwiimarike zasekhaya njenge-dollar yase-United States eya kuthengwa e-United States. Ngokuqinisekileyo, la manani anceda abatyali-mali baqhathanise iindleko zempahla eyenza umkhiqizo owenziwe ekhaya ("GDP") kumazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo malunga neUnited States.
Kubaluleka kweeDola zamazwe ngamazwe
Iidola zamazwe ngamazwe zibaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi apho ixabiso lokutshintshwa kwemali lisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, iBhanki yehlabathi iqikelelwa ngo-2005 ukuba enye idola yamazwe ngamazwe yayilingana ne-1.8 Yhayina yaseTshayina, eyayininzi kakhulu kwizinga layo lokutshintshiselwa. Ukungaphumeleli ukuphendula ngale nguqu kungakhokelela kwimbonakalo eyahlukileyo kwezoqoqosho lwaseChina.
Ukwahlukana kwamagunya okuthengwa kwamandla angathengisa kakhulu xa kufikelele kwiGDP nganye okanye ngamanye amanyathelo. Umzekelo, i-GDP yegama le-Indiya ngalinye liyi $ 1,491 ngo-2012 ngelixa i-PPP ye-GDP nganye yayingama-3,829 ayi-$.
Amazwe athuthukayo athile abe nePPP ephakamileyo ngelixa amazwe athuthukile athile anamaxabiso aphakamileyo, kodwa ixabiso le-PPP lilinganayo kwi-US kuba ibonakaliso.
Abatyalomali bamazwe ngamazwe bangasebenzisa iidola zamazwe ngamazwe njengendlela yokulinganisa iingozi zemali kwaye banqume ukuba indlela engaphezulu kwexabiso okanye ngaphantsi kwexabiso ifaniswa ngayo 'nexabiso langaphakathi'. Kulo mzekelo ukhankanywe ngentla, abatyali-mali bangagqiba ekubeni i-yuan yaseTshayina ingabalulekanga kwaye ingafuna ukuqwalasela umcibisholo ngokuchasana nokunyuka kwexesha elide ukuba kusemngciphekweni wokumisa.
Imilinganiselo efanayo
Isilinganiselo esifanayo senani lexabiso lemali ngu-Economist's Big Mac Index , esekelwe ekuthengiseni ixabiso lentengo. Kodwa endaweni yokubala ngokukhawuleza umahluko kumanani, inkampani isebenzisa intengo yeMcDonald's Big Mac, ezithengiswa emhlabeni jikelele.
Ubuninzi be-burger yenza ukuba umlinganiselo ufanelwe ngokulinganayo ukubala ixabiso lexabiso lemali.
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba i-Big Mac e-US idla idoli enye kunye ne-euro ixabisa i-euro ezimbini. Ukulinganiswa kwe-Big Mac Index ye-EUR / USD bekuya kuba yi-2.0, okanye i-euro ezimbini idibene ne-dollar enye, enokuthelekiswa nezinga lokutshintshiselwa ngokusemthethweni. Ixabiso elisezantsi kunezinga elisemthethweni linokubonisa ukuba imali ayinakulinganiswa kwaye ichanekile ngemali engaphezulu.
Amanye amaqela ayenze ukuthelekiswa okufanayo usebenzisa yonke into esuka kwi-Apple iPhones ukuya kwi-cookie ye-Starbucks, kuba ziyimveliso edayiswa kakhulu kwihlabathi. Nangona ezinye zezi methrikhi zinokusetyenziswa okuncinci, kwaye ziyimilinganiselo yongento engekho, abatyala-mali basemhlabeni bangathanda ukuqwalasela ukusebenzisa izilinganiso ezichanekileyo.